View all text of Chapter 20 A [§ 499a - § 499t]
§ 499a. Short title and definitions
(a) Short title
(b) DefinitionsFor purposes of this chapter:
(1) The term “person” includes individuals, partnerships, corporations, and associations.
(2) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture.
(3) The term “interstate or foreign commerce” means commerce between any State or Territory, or the District of Columbia and any place outside thereof; or between points within the same State or Territory, or the District of Columbia but through any place outside thereof; or within the District of Columbia.
(4) The term “perishable agricultural commodity”—
(A) Means any of the following, whether or not frozen or packed in ice: Fresh fruits and fresh vegetables of every kind and character; and
(B) Includes cherries in brine as defined by the Secretary in accordance with trade usages.
(5) The term “commission merchant” means any person engaged in the business of receiving in interstate or foreign commerce any perishable agricultural commodity for sale, on commission, or for or on behalf of another.
(6) The term “dealer” means any person engaged in the business of buying or selling in wholesale or jobbing quantities, as defined by the Secretary, any perishable agricultural commodity in interstate or foreign commerce, except that (A) no producer shall be considered as a “dealer” in respect to sales of any such commodity of his own raising; (B) no person buying any such commodity solely for sale at retail shall be considered as a “dealer” until the invoice cost of his purchases of perishable agricultural commodities in any calendar year are in excess of $230,000; and (C) no person buying any commodity other than potatoes for canning and/or processing within the State where grown shall be considered a “dealer” whether or not the canned or processed product is to be shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, unless such product is frozen or packed in ice, or consists of cherries in brine, within the meaning of paragraph (4) of this section. Any person not considered as a “dealer” under clauses (A), (B), and (C) may elect to secure a license under the provisions of section 499c of this title, and in such case and while the license is in effect such person shall be considered as a “dealer”.
(7) The term “broker” means any person engaged in the business of negotiating sales and purchases of any perishable agricultural commodity in interstate or foreign commerce for or on behalf of the vendor or the purchaser, respectively, except that no person shall be deemed to be a “broker” if such person is an independent agent negotiating sales for and on behalf of the vendor and if the only sales of such commodities negotiated by such person are sales of frozen fruits and vegetables having an invoice value not in excess of $230,000 in any calendar year.
(8) A transaction in respect of any perishable agricultural commodity shall be considered in interstate or foreign commerce if such commodity is part of that current of commerce usual in the trade in that commodity whereby such commodity and/or the products of such commodity are sent from one State with the expectation that they will end their transit, after purchase, in another, including, in addition to cases within the above general description, all cases where sale is either for shipment to another State, or for processing within the State and the shipment outside the State of the products resulting from such processing. Commodities normally in such current of commerce shall not be considered out of such commerce through resort being had to any means or device intended to remove transactions in respect thereto from the provisions of this chapter.
(9) The term “responsibly connected” means affiliated or connected with a commission merchant, dealer, or broker as (A) partner in a partnership, or (B) officer, director, or holder of more than 10 per centum of the outstanding stock of a corporation or association. A person shall not be deemed to be responsibly connected if the person demonstrates by a preponderance of the evidence that the person was not actively involved in the activities resulting in a violation of this chapter and that the person either was only nominally a partner, officer, director, or shareholder of a violating licensee or entity subject to license or was not an owner of a violating licensee or entity subject to license which was the alter ego of its owners.
(10) The terms “employ” and “employment” mean any affiliation of any person with the business operations of a licensee, with or without compensation, including ownership or self-employment.
(11) The term “retailer” means a person that is a dealer engaged in the business of selling any perishable agricultural commodity at retail.
(12) The term “grocery wholesaler” means a person that is a dealer primarily engaged in the full-line wholesale distribution and resale of grocery and related nonfood items (such as perishable agricultural commodities, dry groceries, general merchandise, meat, poultry, and seafood, and health and beauty care items) to retailers. However, such term does not include a person described in the preceding sentence if the person is primarily engaged in the wholesale distribution and resale of perishable agricultural commodities rather than other grocery and related nonfood items.
(13) The term “collateral fees and expenses” means any promotional allowances, rebates, service or materials fees paid or provided, directly or indirectly, in connection with the distribution or marketing of any perishable agricultural commodity.
(June 10, 1930, ch. 436, § 1, 46 Stat. 531; Apr. 13, 1934, ch. 120, § 1, 48 Stat. 584; Aug. 20, 1937, ch. 719, § 1, 50 Stat. 725; June 29, 1940, ch. 456, §§ 1, 2, 54 Stat. 696; Pub. L. 87–725, §§ 1, 2, Oct. 1, 1962, 76 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 91–107, §§ 1, 2, Nov. 4, 1969, 83 Stat. 182; Pub. L. 95–562, § 1, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2381; Pub. L. 97–98, title XI, § 1115(a), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1269; Pub. L. 102–237, title X, § 1011(1), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1898; Pub. L. 104–48, §§ 2, 9(a), 12(a), Nov. 15, 1995, 109 Stat. 424, 429, 430.)