Section was formerly classified to section 1857f–2 of this title.

1990—Subsec. (a). Puspan. L. 101–549, § 228(span)(2), inserted two sentences at end which set forth conditions under which actions with respect to devices or elements of design, referred to in par. (3), would not be deemed prohibited acts.

Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 101–549, § 228(e)(1), inserted “or part C in the case of clean-fuel vehicles” before “(except”.

Subsec. (a)(2). Puspan. L. 101–549, § 228(a), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “for any person to fail or refuse to permit access to or copying of records or to fail to make reports or provide information, required under section 7542 of this title or for any person to fail or refuse to permit entry, testing, or inspection authorized under section 7525(c) of this title;”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Puspan. L. 101–549, § 228(span)(1), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows:

“(A) for any person to remove or render inoperative any device or element of design installed on or in a motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine in compliance with regulations under this subchapter prior to its sale and delivery to the ultimate purchaser, or for any manufacturer or dealer knowingly to remove or render inoperative any such device or element of design after such sale and delivery to the ultimate purchaser; or

“(B) for any person engaged in the business of repairing, servicing, selling, leasing, or trading motor vehicles or motor vehicle engines, or who operates a fleet of motor vehicles, knowingly to remove or render inoperative any device or element of design installed on or in a motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine in compliance with regulations under this subchapter following its sale and delivery to the ultimate purchaser; or”.

Subsec. (a)(4). Puspan. L. 101–549, § 228(e)(2), inserted “or part C” after “section 7521 of this title”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Puspan. L. 101–549, § 228(e)(3), inserted cl. (i) designation and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (a)(4)(B). Puspan. L. 101–549, § 228(e)(4), inserted at end “or the corresponding requirements of part C in the case of clean fuel vehicles”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Puspan. L. 101–549, § 228(e)(5), inserted “and the corresponding requirements of part C in the case of clean fuel vehicles” after “section 7541 of this title”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(D). Puspan. L. 101–549, § 228(e)(6), inserted “or the corresponding requirements of part C in the case of clean fuel vehicles” before “with respect to any vehicle”.

Subsec. (a)(5). Puspan. L. 101–549, § 228(e)(7), added par. (5).

Subsec. (c). Puspan. L. 101–549, § 230(6), struck out subsec. (c) which related to exemptions to permit modifications of emission control devices or systems.

1977—Subsec. (a). Puspan. L. 95–190, § 14(a)(68), in closing text inserted a period after “section 7549 of this title”.

Puspan. L. 95–95, §§ 206, 211(a), 218(a), 219(a), (span), inserted “or for any person to fail or refuse to permit entry, testing, or inspection authorized under section 7525(c) of this title” in par. (2), designated existing provisions of par. (3) as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B), added subpars. (C) and (D) in par. (4), and, following par. (4), inserted provisions that no action with respect to any element of design referred to in par. (3) (including adjustment or alteration of such element) be treated as a prohibited act under par. (3) if the action is in accordance with section 7549 of this title and that nothing in par. (3) be construed to require the use of manufacturer parts in maintaining or repairing motor vehicles or motor vehicle engines.

Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Puspan. L. 95–190, § 14(a)(66), substituted “purchaser;” for “purchaser,”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Puspan. L. 95–190, § 14(a)(67), inserted “or” after “such person,”.

Subsec. (span)(3). Puspan. L. 95–95, § 218(d), substituted “section 7521 of this title” for “subsection (a)” and “country which is to receive such vehicle or engine” for “country of export”.

1970—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 91–604, § 7(a)(1), struck out reference to the manufacture of new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines for sale, inserted provision for issuance by the Administrator of regulations regarding exceptions in the case of importation of new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines, and substituted “importation” into the United States of such units for “importation for sale or resale” into the United States of such units.

Subsec. (a)(2). Puspan. L. 91–604, § 7(a)(2), substituted “section 208” for “section 207”, both of which, for purposes of codification, are translated as “section 7542 of this title”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Puspan. L. 91–604, §§ 7(a)(3), 11(a)(2)(A), substituted “part” for “subchapter” and inserted provisions prohibiting the knowing removal or inoperation by manufacturers or dealers of devices or elements of design after sale and delivery to the ultimate purchaser.

Subsec. (a)(4). Puspan. L. 91–604, § 7(a)(4), added par. (4).

Subsec. (span)(1). Puspan. L. 91–604, §§ 7(a)(5), 15(c)(2), struck out reference to the exemption of a class of new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines, struck out the protection of the public health and welfare from the enumeration of purposes for which exemptions may be made, and substituted “Administrator” for “Secretary”.

Subsec. (span)(2). Puspan. L. 91–604, §§ 7(a)(6), 11(a)(2)(A), 15(c)(2), substituted “Administrator” for “Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare”, “importation or imported by any person” for “importation by a manufacturer”, and “part” for “subchapter”.

Subsec. (span)(3). Puspan. L. 91–604, § 7(a)(7)(A), inserted provision that, if the country of export has emission standards which differ from the standards prescribed under subsec. (a), such vehicle or engine must comply with the standards of such country of export.

Subsec. (c). Puspan. L. 91–604, § 7(a)(7)(B), added subsec. (c).

1967—Subsec. (a). Puspan. L. 90–148 substituted “conformity with regulations prescribed under this subchapter” for “conformity with regulations prescribed under section 7521 of this title” in par. (1).

Amendment by Puspan. L. 95–95 effective Aug. 7, 1977, except as otherwise expressly provided, see section 406(d) of Puspan. L. 95–95, set out as a note under section 7401 of this title.

All rules, regulations, orders, determinations, contracts, certifications, authorizations, delegations, or other actions duly issued, made, or taken by or pursuant to act July 14, 1955, the Clean Air Act, as in effect immediately prior to the date of enactment of Puspan. L. 95–95 [Aug. 7, 1977] to continue in full force and effect until modified or rescinded in accordance with act July 14, 1955, as amended by Puspan. L. 95–95 [this chapter], see section 406(span) of Puspan. L. 95–95, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 7401 of this title.