Historical and Revision Notes | ||
|---|---|---|
Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
3729 | 31:231. | R.S. § 3490. |
In the section, before clause (1), the words “a member of an armed force of the United States” are substituted for “in the military or naval forces of the United States, or in the militia called into or actually employed in the service of the United States” and “military or naval service” for consistency with title 10. The words “is liable” are substituted for “shall forfeit and pay” for consistency. The words “civil action” are substituted for “suit” for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. The words “and such forfeiture and damages shall be sued for in the same suit” are omitted as unnecessary because of rules 8 and 10 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (28 App. U.S.C.). In clauses (1)–(3), the words “false or fraudulent” are substituted for “false, fictitious, or fraudulent” and “Fraudulent or fictitious” to eliminate unnecessary words and for consistency. In clause (1), the words “presents, or causes to be presented” are substituted for “shall make or cause to be made, or present or cause to be presented” for clarity and consistency and to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “officer or employee of the Government or a member of an armed force” are substituted for “officer in the civil, military, or naval service of the United States” for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code. The words “upon or against the Government of the United States, or any department of the United States, or any department or officer thereof” are omitted as surplus. In clause (2), the word “knowingly” is substituted for “knowing the same to contain any fraudulent or fictitious statement or entry” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “record or statement” are substituted for “bill, receipt, voucher, roll, account, claim, certificate, affidavit, or deposition” for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code. In clause (3), the words “conspires to” are substituted for “enters into any agreement, combination, or conspiracy” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “of the United States, or any department or officer thereof” are omitted as surplus. In clause (4), the words “charge”, “or other”, and “to any other person having authority to receive the same” are omitted as surplus. In clause (5), the words “document certifying receipt” are substituted for “certificate, voucher, receipt, or other paper certifying the receipt” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “arms, ammunition, provisions, clothing, or other”, “to any other person”, and “the truth of” are omitted as surplus. In clause (6), the words “arms, equipments, ammunition, clothes, military stores, or other” are omitted as surplus. The words “member of an armed force” are substituted for “soldier, officer, sailor, or other person called into or employed in the military or naval service” for consistency with title 10. The words “such soldier, sailor, officer, or other person” are omitted as surplus.
The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (d), is classified generally to Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.
2009—Subsecs. (a), (span). Puspan. L. 111–21, § 4(a)(1), (2), added subsecs. (a) and (span) and struck out former subsecs. (a) and (span) which related to liability for certain acts and defined “knowing” and “knowingly”, respectively.
Subsec. (c). Puspan. L. 111–21, § 4(a)(4), substituted “subsection (a)(2)” for “subparagraphs (A) through (C) of subsection (a)”.
Puspan. L. 111–21, § 4(a)(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (c). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of this section, ‘claim’ includes any request or demand, whether under a contract or otherwise, for money or property which is made to a contractor, grantee, or other recipient if the United States Government provides any portion of the money or property which is requested or demanded, or if the Government will reimburse such contractor, grantee, or other recipient for any portion of the money or property which is requested or demanded.”
Subsecs. (d), (e). Puspan. L. 111–21, § 4(a)(3), redesignated subsecs. (d) and (e) as (c) and (d), respectively.
1994—Subsec. (e). Puspan. L. 103–272 substituted “1986” for “1954”.
1986—Subsec. (a). Puspan. L. 99–562, § 2(1), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted subsec. heading, and substituted “Any person who” for “A person not a member of an armed force of the United States is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of $2,000, an amount equal to 2 times the amount of damages the Government sustains because of the act of that person, and costs of the civil action, if the person” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 99–562, § 2(2), substituted “United States Government or a member of the Armed Forces of the United States” for “Government or a member of an armed force”.
Subsec. (a)(2). Puspan. L. 99–562, § 2(3), inserted “by the Government” after “approved”.
Subsec. (a)(4). Puspan. L. 99–562, § 2(4), substituted “control of property” for “control of public property” and “by the Government” for “in an armed force”.
Subsec. (a)(5). Puspan. L. 99–562, § 2(5), substituted “by the Government” for “in an armed force” and “true;” for “true; or”.
Subsec. (a)(6). Puspan. L. 99–562, § 2(6), substituted “an officer or employee of the Government, or a member of the Armed Forces,” for “a member of an armed force” and “property; or” for “property.”
Subsec. (a)(7). Puspan. L. 99–562, § 2(7), added par. (7).
Subsecs. (span) to (e). Puspan. L. 99–562, § 2(7), added subsecs. (span) to (e).
Puspan. L. 111–21, § 4(f), May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1625, provided that:
Puspan. L. 99–145, title IX, § 931(span), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 699, provided that:
[Section 931(c) of Puspan. L. 99–145 provided that section 931(span) is applicable to claims made or presented on or after Nov. 8, 1985.]