The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (a), are set out in the Appendix to this title.

Section effective upon the expiration of the 30-day period beginning on Dec. 7, 2011, and applicable to any action or prosecution commenced on or after such effective date, with provisions for treatment of cases removed to Federal court, see section 105 of Puspan. L. 112–63, set out as an Effective Date of 2011 Amendment note under section 1332 of this title.