For inflation adjustment of certain items in this section, see Internal Revenue Notices listed in a table under section 401 of this title.

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title I, § 109, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5290, provided that, applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2024, subsection (v)(2) of this section is amended as follows:

(1) in subparagraph (B)—

(A) in clause (i), by inserting the following before the period: “(the adjusted dollar amount, in the case of an eligible participant who would attain age 60 but would not attain age 64 before the close of the taxable year)”; and

(B) in clause (ii), by inserting the following before the period: “(the adjusted dollar amount, in the case of an eligible participant who would attain age 60 but would not attain age 64 before the close of the taxable year)”;

(2) in subparagraph (C), by adding at the end the following: “In the case of a year beginning after December 31, 2025, the Secretary shall adjust annually the adjusted dollar amounts applicable under clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (E) for increases in the cost-of-living at the same time and in the same manner as adjustments under the preceding sentence; except that the base period taken into account shall be the calendar quarter beginning July 1, 2024.”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

(E) Adjusted dollar amount

For purposes of subparagraph (B), the adjusted dollar amount is—

(i) in the case of clause (i) of subparagraph (B), the greater of—

(I) $10,000, or

(II) an amount equal to 150 percent of the dollar amount which would be in effect under such clause for 2024 for eligible participants not described in the parenthetical in such clause, or

(ii) in the case of clause (ii) of subparagraph (B), the greater of—

(I) $5,000, or

(II) an amount equal to equal to 150 percent of the dollar amount which would be in effect under such clause for 2025 for eligible participants not described in the parenthetical in such clause.

See 2022 Amendment notes below.

The Railroad Retirement Act of 1935 or 1937, referred to in subsec. (d), means act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, 49 Stat. 867, known as the Railroad Retirement Act of 1935. The Railroad Retirement Act of 1935 was amended generally by act June 24, 1937, ch. 382, part I, 50 Stat. 307, and was known as the Railroad Retirement Act of 1937. The Railroad Retirement Act of 1937 was amended generally and redesignated the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 by Puspan. L. 93–444, title I, Oct. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 1305 and is classified generally to subchapter IV (§ 231 et seq.) of chapter 9 of Title 45, Railroads. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The International Organizations Immunities Act (59 Stat. 669), referred to in subsec. (d), is act Dec. 29, 1945, ch. 652, title I, 59 Stat. 669, which is classified principally to subchapter XVIII (§ 288 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. The Act also amended several other laws including the Internal Revenue Code of 1939. For exemption from taxation of income of international organizations and of the compensation of employees thereof, see sections 892 and 893 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 288 of Title 22 and Tables.

The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, referred to in subsecs. (f)(3), (5), (6)(B), (F), (l)(1), (2)(E), and (bspan)(2)(B), (3), is Puspan. L. 93–406, Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 829, which is classified principally to chapter 18 (§ 1001 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. Title IV of the Act is classified principally to subchapter III (§ 1301 et seq.) of chapter 18 of Title 29. Sections 3(37)(A)(iii), 104(span), and 111(c) of the Act are classified to sections 1002(37)(A)(iii), 1024(span), and 1031(c), respectively, of Title 29. Section 4403(span) and (c) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 probably means section 4303(span) and (c) of such Act which is classified to section 1453(span) and (c) of Title 29. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of Title 29 and Tables.

The date of the enactment of the Multiemployer Pension Plan Amendments Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (f)(4), (5), means the date of the enactment of Puspan. L. 96–364, which was approved Sept. 26, 1980.

Effective date of the Multiemployer Pension Plan Amendments Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (f)(5), probably means the date of enactment of the Multiemployer Pension Plan Amendments Act of 1980, which was approved Sept. 26, 1980.

The Pension Protection Act of 2006, referred to in subsecs. (f)(6)(A) and (y)(1)(A), (3)(B), is Puspan. L. 109–280, Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 780. Section 104 of the Act is set out as a note under section 401 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note set out under section 1001 of Title 29, Labor, and Tables.

Section 403(span)(7)(A)(ii), referred to in subsec. (u)(12)(B)(i), probably means section 403(span)(7)(A)(ii) of this title prior to amendment by Puspan. L. 116–94, div. O, title I, § 109(c)(2), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3151.

The Preservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act of 2010, referred to in subsec. (y)(1)(A)(ii), (3)(B), is Puspan. L. 111–192, June 25, 2010, 124 Stat. 1280. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2010 Amendment note set out under section 1001 of Title 29, Labor, and Tables.

2022—Subsec. (span). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 315(a)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted span, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (m)(6)(B). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 315(a)(2)(A), (B), designated existing provisions as cl. (i), inserted span, and added cls. (ii) and (iii).

Subsec. (m)(6)(B)(i). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 315(a)(2)(C), substituted “apply, except that community property laws shall be disregarded for purposes of determining ownership” for “apply”.

Subsec. (p)(1)(B). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 339(a)(2), inserted concluding provisions.

Subsec. (p)(1)(B)(ii). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 339(a)(1), inserted “or Tribal” after “State”.

Subsec. (v)(2)(B)(i). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 109(a)(1), inserted before period at end “(the adjusted dollar amount, in the case of an eligible participant who would attain age 60 but would not attain age 64 before the close of the taxable year)”.

Subsec. (v)(2)(B)(ii). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 117(span)(1)(A), substituted “except as provided in clause (iii), the applicable” for “the applicable”.

Puspan. L. 117–328, § 109(a)(2), inserted before period at end “(the adjusted dollar amount, in the case of an eligible participant who would attain age 60 but would not attain age 64 before the close of the taxable year)”.

Subsec. (v)(2)(B)(iii). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 117(span)(1)(B), added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (v)(2)(C). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 117(span)(2), designated existing provisions as cl. (i), inserted span, and added cl. (ii).

Puspan. L. 117–328, § 109(c), inserted at end “In the case of a year beginning after December 31, 2025, the Secretary shall adjust annually the adjusted dollar amounts applicable under clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (E) for increases in the cost-of-living at the same time and in the same manner as adjustments under the preceding sentence; except that the base period taken into account shall be the calendar quarter beginning July 1, 2024.”

Subsec. (v)(2)(E). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 109(span), added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (v)(7). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 603(a), added par. (7).

Subsec. (aa). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 301(span)(1), added subsec. (aa).

Subsec. (bspan). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 320(span), added subsec. (bspan).

Subsec. (cc). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 350(a), added subsec. (cc).

2020—Subsec. (y)(1)(D). Puspan. L. 116–136 added subpar. (D).

2018—Subsec. (l)(2)(G). Puspan. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(87), substituted “depository institutions” for “banks” in span.

Subsec. (u)(6). Puspan. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(88), substituted “section 457(span)))” for “section 457(span))”.

Subsec. (x)(1). Puspan. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(89), substituted “is” for “are”.

Subsec. (y)(1)(C)(i). Puspan. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(90), struck out “of such Code” after “section 501(c)(3)”.

Subsec. (y)(2). Puspan. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(91), substituted “subparagraphs” for “subparagraph”.

2015—Subsec. (c). Puspan. L. 114–113, § 336(a)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted span, substituted “Except as provided in paragraph (2), for purposes” for “For purposes”, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (z). Puspan. L. 114–113, § 336(d)(1), added subsec. (z).

2014—Subsec. (n)(3)(C). Puspan. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(19)(B)(i), struck out “120,” after “117(d),”.

Subsec. (t)(2). Puspan. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(19)(B)(ii), struck out “120,” after “117(d),”.

Subsec. (v)(2)(B)(i), (ii). Puspan. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(55), amended cls. (i) and (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cls. (i) and (ii) listed applicable dollar amounts for taxable years 2002 to 2006 and thereafter for an applicable employer plan other than a plan described in section 401(k)(11) or 408(p) and an applicable employer plan described in section 401(k)(11) or 408(p), respectively.

Subsec. (y). Puspan. L. 113–97, § 201, added subsec. (y).

Subsec. (y)(1)(C). Puspan. L. 113–235, § 3(span)(1), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (y)(2). Puspan. L. 113–235, § 3(span)(2), substituted “subparagraph (B) and (C) of paragraph (1)” for “paragraph (1)(B)”.

Subsec. (y)(3). Puspan. L. 113–97, § 203(a), added par. (3).

2008—Subsec. (l)(2)(B)(i)(I). Puspan. L. 110–458, § 101(d)(2)(E), amended subcl. (I) generally. Prior to amendment, subcl. (I) read as follows: “the amount determined under section 431(c)(6)(A)(i) in the case of a multiemployer plan (and the sum of the funding shortfall and target normal cost determined under section 430 in the case of any other plan), over”.

Subsec. (l)(2)(G). Puspan. L. 110–289, § 1604(span)(4), which directed substitution of “bridge depository institution” for “bridge bank”, was executed by making the substitution wherever appearing in text, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (u). Puspan. L. 110–245, § 105(span)(1)(B), inserted “and to differential wage payments to members on active duty” after “USERRA” in span.

Subsec. (u)(9) to (11). Puspan. L. 110–245, § 104(span), added par. (9) and redesignated former pars. (9) and (10) as (10) and (11), respectively.

Subsec. (u)(12). Puspan. L. 110–245, § 105(span)(1)(A), added par. (12).

Subsec. (w)(3)(B) to (D). Puspan. L. 110–458, § 109(span)(4), inserted “and” after comma at end of subpar. (B), redesignated subpar. (D) as (C), and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: “under which, in the absence of an investment election by the participant, contributions described in subparagraph (B) are invested in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Labor under section 404(c)(5) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, and”.

Subsec. (w)(5)(D), (E). Puspan. L. 110–458, § 109(span)(5), added subpars. (D) and (E).

Subsec. (w)(6). Puspan. L. 110–458, § 109(span)(6), inserted “or for purposes of applying the limitation under section 402(g)(1)” before period at end.

Subsec. (x)(1). Puspan. L. 110–458, § 109(c)(1), inserted at end “In the case of a termination of the defined benefit plan and the applicable defined contribution plan forming part of an eligible combined plan, the plan administrator shall terminate each such plan separately.”

2007—Subsec. (f)(6)(A)(ii)(I). Puspan. L. 110–28, § 6611(a)(2)(A), substituted “for each of the 3 plan years immediately preceding the first plan year for which the election under this paragraph is effective with respect to the plan,” for “for each of the 3 plan years immediately before the date of enactment of the Pension Protection Act of 2006,”.

Subsec. (f)(6)(B). Puspan. L. 110–28, § 6611(a)(2)(B), substituted “starting with any plan year beginning on or after January 1, 1999, and ending before January 1, 2008, as designated by the plan in the election made under subparagraph (A)(ii)” for “starting with the first plan year ending after the date of the enactment of the Pension Protection Act of 2006”.

Subsec. (f)(6)(E). Puspan. L. 110–28, § 6611(span)(2), substituted “if it is a plan sponsored by an organization which is described in section 501(c)(5) and exempt from tax under section 501(a) and which was established in Chicago, Illinois, on August 12, 1881.” for “if it is a plan—

“(i) that was established in Chicago, Illinois, on August 12, 1881; and

“(ii) sponsored by an organization described in section 501(c)(5) and exempt from tax under section 501(a).”

Subsec. (f)(6)(F). Puspan. L. 110–28, § 6611(a)(2)(C), added subpar. (F).

2006—Subsec. (d). Puspan. L. 109–280, § 906(a)(1), inserted at end “The term ‘governmental plan’ includes a plan which is established and maintained by an Indian tribal government (as defined in section 7701(a)(40)), a subdivision of an Indian tribal government (determined in accordance with section 7871(d)), or an agency or instrumentality of either, and all of the participants of which are employees of such entity substantially all of whose services as such an employee are in the performance of essential governmental functions but not in the performance of commercial activities (whether or not an essential government function).”

Subsec. (f)(6). Puspan. L. 109–280, § 1106(span), added par. (6).

Subsec. (h)(2). Puspan. L. 109–280, § 906(span)(1)(C), inserted “or a governmental plan described in the last sentence of section 414(d) (relating to plans of Indian tribal governments),” after “foregoing,”.

Subsec. (l)(2)(B)(i)(I). Puspan. L. 109–280, § 114(c), amended subcl. (I) generally. Prior to amendment, subcl. (I) read as follows: “the amount determined under section 412(c)(7)(A)(i) with respect to the plan, over”.

Subsec. (w). Puspan. L. 109–280, § 902(d)(1), added subsec. (w).

Subsec. (x). Puspan. L. 109–280, § 903(a), added subsec. (x).

2004—Subsec. (q)(7). Puspan. L. 108–311 substituted “subsection” for “section”.

2002—Subsec. (v)(2)(D). Puspan. L. 107–147, § 411(o)(3), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (v)(3)(A)(i). Puspan. L. 107–147, § 411(o)(4), substituted “sections 401(a)(30), 402(h), 403(span), 408, 415(c), and 457(span)(2) (determined without regard to section 457(span)(3))” for “section 402(g), 402(h), 403(span), 404(a), 404(h), 408(k), 408(p), 415, or 457”.

Subsec. (v)(3)(B). Puspan. L. 107–147, § 411(o)(5), substituted “section 401(a)(4), 401(k)(3), 401(k)(11), 403(span)(12), 408(k), 410(span), or 416” for “section 401(a)(4), 401(a)(26), 401(k)(3), 401(k)(11), 401(k)(12), 403(span)(12), 408(k), 408(p), 408B, 410(span), or 416”.

Subsec. (v)(4)(B). Puspan. L. 107–147, § 411(o)(6), inserted before period at end “, except that a plan described in clause (i) of section 410(span)(6)(C) shall not be treated as a plan of the employer until the expiration of the transition period with respect to such plan (as determined under clause (ii) of such section)”.

Subsec. (v)(5). Puspan. L. 107–147, § 411(o)(7)(A), struck out “, with respect to any plan year,” before “a participant” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (v)(5)(A). Puspan. L. 107–147, § 411(o)(7)(B), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar (A) read as follows: “who has attained the age of 50 before the close of the plan year, and”.

Subsec. (v)(5)(B). Puspan. L. 107–147, § 411(o)(7)(C), substituted “plan (or other applicable) year” for “plan year”.

Subsec. (v)(6)(C). Puspan. L. 107–147, § 411(o)(8), reenacted span without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “This subsection shall not apply to an applicable employer plan described in subparagraph (A)(iii) for any year to which section 457(span)(3) applies.”

2001—Subsec. (p)(10). Puspan. L. 107–16, § 635(span), substituted “section 409(d), and section 457(d)” for “and section 409(d)”.

Subsec. (p)(11). Puspan. L. 107–16, § 635(a), in span substituted “certain other plans” for “governmental and church plans” and in text inserted “or an eligible deferred compensation plan (within the meaning of section 457(span))” after “subsection (e))”.

Subsec. (p)(12), (13). Puspan. L. 107–16, § 635(c), added par. (12) and redesignated former par. (12) as (13).

Subsec. (v). Puspan. L. 107–16, § 631(a), added subsec. (v).

2000—Subsec. (s)(2). Puspan. L. 106–554 substituted “section 125, 132(f)(4), 402(e)(3)” for “section 125, 402(e)(3)”.

1998—Subsec. (q)(5). Puspan. L. 105–206 made technical amendment to Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1434(c)(1)(E). See 1996 Amendment note below.

1997—Subsec. (e)(5)(A). Puspan. L. 105–34, § 1601(d)(6)(A), amended span and text of subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of this part—

“(i) In general.—An employee of a church or a convention or association of churches shall include a duly ordained, commissioned, or licensed minister of a church who, in connection with the exercise of his or her ministry—

“(I) is a self-employed individual (within the meaning of section 401(c)(1)(B)), or

“(II) is employed by an organization other than an organization described in section 501(c)(3).

“(ii) Treatment as employer and employee.—

“(I) Self-employed.—A minister described in clause (i)(I) shall be treated as his or her own employer which is an organization described in section 501(c)(3) and which is exempt from tax under section 501(a).

“(II) Others.—A minister described in clause (i)(II) shall be treated as employed by an organization described in section 501(c)(3) and exempt from tax under section 501(a).”

Subsec. (e)(5)(C). Puspan. L. 105–34, § 1522(a)(1), substituted “not otherwise participating” for “not eligible to participate”.

Subsec. (e)(5)(E). Puspan. L. 105–34, § 1522(a)(2), added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (n)(3)(C). Puspan. L. 105–34, § 1601(h)(2)(D)(i), inserted “137,” after “132,”.

Subsec. (q)(7), (9). Puspan. L. 105–34, § 1601(d)(7), redesignated par. (7), relating to certain employees not considered highly compensated and excluded employees under pre-ERISA rules for church plans, as (9).

Subsec. (t)(2). Puspan. L. 105–34, § 1601(h)(2)(D)(ii), inserted “137,” after “132,”.

1996—Subsecs. (span), (c). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1421(span)(9)(C), inserted “408(p),” after “408(k),”.

Subsec. (e)(5). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1461(a), added par. (5).

Subsec. (m)(4)(B). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1421(span)(9)(C), inserted “408(p),” after “408(k),”.

Subsec. (n)(2)(C). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1454(a), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: “such services are of a type historically performed, in the business field of the recipient, by employees.”

Subsec. (n)(3)(B). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1421(span)(9)(C), inserted “408(p),” after “408(k),”.

Subsec. (q)(1). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1431(a), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “In general.—The term ‘highly compensated employee’ means any employee who, during the year or the preceding year—

“(A) was at any time a 5-percent owner,

“(B) received compensation from the employer in excess of $75,000,

“(C) received compensation from the employer in excess of $50,000 and was in the top-paid group of employees for such year, or

“(D) was at any time an officer and received compensation greater than 50 percent of the amount in effect under section 415(span)(1)(A) for such year.

The Secretary shall adjust the $75,000 and $50,000 amounts under this paragraph at the same time and in the same manner as under section 415(d).”

Subsec. (q)(2), (3). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1431(c)(1)(A), redesignated pars. (3) and (4) as (2) and (3), respectively, and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “Special rule for current year.—In the case of the year for which the relevant determination is being made, an employee not described in subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of paragraph (1) for the preceding year (without regard to this paragraph) shall not be treated as described in subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of paragraph (1) unless such employee is a member of the group consisting of the 100 employees paid the greatest compensation during the year for which such determination is being made.”

Subsec. (q)(4). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1434(span)(1), amended span and text of par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of this subsection—

“(A) In general.—The term ‘compensation’ means compensation within the meaning of section 415(c)(3).

“(B) Certain provisions not taken into account.—The determination under subparagraph (A) shall be made—

“(i) without regard to sections 125, 402(e)(3), and 402(h)(1)(B), and

“(ii) in the case of employer contributions made pursuant to a salary reduction agreement, without regard to section 403(span).”

Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1431(c)(1)(A), redesignated par. (7) as (4).

Subsec. (q)(5). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1434(c)(1)(E), as amended by Puspan. L. 105–206, § 6018(c), struck out “under paragraph (4) or the number of officers taken into account under paragraph (5)” after “top-paid group” in introductory provisions.

Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1431(c)(1)(A), redesignated par. (8) as (5) and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: “Special rules for treatment of officers.—

“(A) Not more than 50 officers taken into account.—For purposes of paragraph (1)(D), no more than 50 employees (or, if lesser, the greater of 3 employees or 10 percent of the employees) shall be treated as officers.

“(B) At least 1 officer taken into account.—If for any year no officer of the employer is described in paragraph (1)(D), the highest paid officer of the employer for such year shall be treated as described in such paragraph.”

Subsec. (q)(6). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1431(span)(1), (c)(1)(A), redesignated par. (9) as (6) and struck out former par. (6) which related to treatment of families of 5-percent owners or of highly compensated employees.

Subsec. (q)(7). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1462(a), added par. (7) relating to certain employees not considered highly compensated and excluded employees under pre-ERISA rules for church plans.

Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1431(c)(1)(A), redesignated par. (10), relating to coordination with other provisions, as (7). Former par. (7) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (q)(8) to (12). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1431(c)(1)(A), redesignated pars. (8) to (11) as (5) to (8), respectively, and struck out par. (12) which related to simplified method for determining highly compensated employees.

Subsec. (r)(2)(A). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1431(c)(1)(D), substituted “subsection (q)(5)” for “subsection (q)(8)”.

Subsec. (s)(2). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1434(span)(2), inserted “not” after “elect” in span and in text.

Subsec. (u). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1704(n)(1), added subsec. (u).

1992—Subsec. (n)(5)(C)(iii)(I). Puspan. L. 102–318, § 521(span)(20), substituted “402(e)(3)” for “402(a)(8)”.

Subsec. (q)(7)(B)(i). Puspan. L. 102–318, § 521(span)(21), substituted “402(e)(3)” for “402(a)(8)”.

Subsec. (s)(2). Puspan. L. 102–318, § 521(span)(22), substituted “402(e)(3)” for “402(a)(8)”.

1990—Subsec. (n)(2)(B). Puspan. L. 101–508 struck out “(6 months in the case of core health benefits)” after “1 year”.

1989—Subsec. (n)(3)(C). Puspan. L. 101–239, § 7813(span), amended directory language of Puspan. L. 100–647, § 3011(span)(4), see 1988 Amendment note below.

Puspan. L. 101–140, § 203(a)(6)(A), struck out “89,” after “79,”.

Subsec. (p)(10). Puspan. L. 101–239, § 7811(m)(5), inserted “section” before “403(span)”.

Subsec. (p)(11). Puspan. L. 101–239, § 7841(a)(2), added par. (11) and redesignated former par. (11) as (12).

Subsec. (r)(1). Puspan. L. 101–140, § 204(span)(2), substituted “sections 129(d)(8) and 410(span)” for “section 410(span)”.

Puspan. L. 101–140, § 203(a)(6)(B), substituted “section 410(span)” for “sections 89 and 410(span)”.

Subsec. (t)(2). Puspan. L. 101–239, § 7813(span), amended directory language of Puspan. L. 100–647, § 3011(span)(5), see 1988 Amendment note below.

Puspan. L. 101–140, § 203(a)(6)(C), struck out “89,” after “79,”.

1988—Subsec. (k)(2). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(span)(3), inserted “72(d) (relating to treatment of employee contributions as separate contract),” after “purposes of sections”.

Subsec. (l). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 2005(c)(1), (2), substituted “Merger” for “Mergers” in span, designated existing provision as par. (1), inserted par. (1) span, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (l)(2)(G). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 6067(a), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (m)(4)(A). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011(h)(5), substituted “(16), (17), and (26)” for “and (16)”.

Subsec. (m)(4)(C), (D). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011B(a)(16), struck out subpars. (C) and (D) which read as follows:

“(C) section 105(h), and

“(D) section 125.”

Subsec. (n)(3)(A). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011(h)(5), substituted “(16), (17), and (26)” for “and (16)”.

Subsec. (n)(3)(C). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 3011(span)(4), as amended by Puspan. L. 101–239, § 7813(span), struck out “162(i)(2), 162(k),” after “132,” and substituted “505, and 4980B” for “and 505”.

Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011B(a)(19), inserted “162(i)(2), 162(k),” after “132,”.

Subsec. (o). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011(e)(4), inserted “or any requirement under section 457” after “or (n)(3)”.

Subsec. (p)(4)(B). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1018(t)(8)(E), substituted “means the earlier of” for “means earlier of” and struck out “in” at beginning of cls. (i) and (ii).

Subsec. (p)(9). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1018(t)(8)(G), inserted at end “For purposes of this title, except as provided in regulations, any distribution from an annuity contract under section 403(span) pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order shall be treated in the same manner as a distribution from a plan to which section 401(a)(13) applies.”

Subsec. (p)(10). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1018(t)(8)(F), inserted “, 403(span),” after “section 401”.

Subsec. (q)(1). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011(i)(1), inserted at end “The Secretary shall adjust the $75,000 and $50,000 amounts under this paragraph at the same time and in the same manner as under section 415(d).”

Subsec. (q)(1)(D). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011(d)(8), substituted “50” for “150” and “415(span)(1)(A)” for “415(c)(1)(A)”.

Subsec. (q)(6)(C). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011(i)(2), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (q)(8). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011(i)(4)(A), inserted “or the number of officers taken into account under paragraph (5)” after “under paragraph (4)”.

Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011(i)(3)(A)(ii), substituted “Except as provided by the Secretary, the employer” for “The employer” in last sentence.

Subsec. (q)(8)(F). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011(i)(3)(A)(i), struck out subpar. (F) which read as follows: “employees who are nonresident aliens and who receive no earned income (within the meaning of section 911(d)(2)) from the employer which constitutes income from sources within the United States (within the meaning of section 861(a)(3)).”

Subsec. (q)(11). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011(i)(3)(B), added par. (11).

Subsec. (q)(12). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 3021(span)(1), added par. (12).

Subsec. (r)(3). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 3021(span)(2)(A), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: “The requirements of subparagraph (C) of paragraph (2) shall not apply to any line of business if the highly compensated employee percentage with respect to such line of business is—

“(A) not less than one-half, and

“(B) not more than twice,

the percentage which highly compensated employees are of all employees of the employer. An employer shall be treated as meeting the requirements of subparagraph (A) if at least 10 percent of all highly compensated employees of the employer perform services solely for such line of business.”

Subsec. (s). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011(j)(1), substituted “any applicable provision” for “this part” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (s)(1). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011(j)(1), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “The term ‘compensation’ means compensation for service performed for an employer which (taking into account the provisions of this chapter) is currently includible in gross income.”

Subsec. (s)(2) to (4). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011(j)(2), added par. (4), redesignated former pars. (3) and (4) as (2) and (3), respectively, and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “The Secretary shall prescribe regulations for the determination of the compensation of an employee who is a self-employed individual (within the meaning of section 401(c)(1)) which are based on the principles of paragraph (1).”

Subsec. (t)(1). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011B(a)(20), struck out “of section 414” before “shall be treated” and “shall apply with”.

Subsec. (t)(2). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 3011(span)(5), as amended by Puspan. L. 101–239, § 7813(span), struck out “162(i)(2), 162(k),” after “132,” and substituted “505, or 4980B” for “or 505”.

Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011B(a)(17), inserted “162(i)(2), 162(k),” after “132,”.

1987—Subsec. (span). Puspan. L. 100–203 struck out “the minimum funding standard of section 412, the tax imposed by section 4971, and” after “one such corporation,”.

1986—Subsec. (k)(2). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1117(c), inserted reference to section 401(m) (relating to nondiscrimination tests for matching requirements and employee contributions).

Subsec. (m)(2)(B)(ii). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1114(span)(11), substituted “highly compensated employees (within the meaning of section 414(q))” for “officers, highly compensated employees, or owners”.

Subsec. (m)(5). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1301(j)(4), substituted “section 144(a)(3)” for “section 103(span)(6)(C)”.

Subsec. (m)(7). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1852(f), amended directory language of Puspan. L. 98–369, § 526(d)(2), to correct an error, and did not involve any change in text. See 1984 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (n)(1). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1151(i)(1), substituted “requirements” for “pension requirements”.

Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1146(span)(2), struck out “except to the extent otherwise provided in regulations,” after “listed in paragraph (3),”.

Subsec. (n)(2)(B). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1151(i)(2), inserted “(6 months in the case of core health benefits)” after “1 year”.

Subsec. (n)(3). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1151(i)(3), substituted “Requirements” for “Pension requirements” in span, substituted “requirements” for “pension requirements” in text, and added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (n)(4). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1146(a)(2), substituted “Time when first considered as employee” for “Time when leased employee is first considered as employee” in span and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “In the case of any leased employee, paragraph (1) shall apply only for purposes of determining whether the pension requirements listed in paragraph (3) are met for periods after the close of the 1-year period referred to in paragraph (2); except that years of service for the recipient shall be determined by taking into account the entire period for which the leased employee performed services for the recipient (or related persons).”

Subsec. (n)(5). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1146(a)(1), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: “This subsection shall not apply to any leased employee if such employee is covered by a plan which is maintained by the leasing organization if, with respect to such employee, such plan—

“(A) is a money purchase pension plan with a nonintegrated employer contribution rate of at least 7½ percent, and

“(B) provides for immediate participation and for full and immediate vesting.”

Subsec. (n)(6). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1301(j)(4), substituted “section 144(a)(3)” for “section 103(span)(6)(C)” in subpar. (A).

Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1146(a)(3), substituted “Other rules” for “Related persons” in span and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘related persons’ has the same meaning as when used in section 103(span)(6)(C).”

Subsec. (o). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1146(span)(1), inserted provision relating to regulations to minimize recordkeeping requirements in case of employer which has no top-heavy plans and uses the services of persons other than employees for an insignificant percentage of the employer’s total workload.

Subsec. (p)(1)(B)(i). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(7)(A)(ii), inserted “former spouse,”.

Subsec. (p)(3)(B). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1899A(12), struck out the comma after “benefits”.

Subsec. (p)(4)(A). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(7)(A)(vi), substituted “A” for “In the case of any payment before a participant has separated from service, a” in introductory provisions and inserted “in the case of any payment before a participant has separated from service,” in cl. (i).

Subsec. (p)(4)(B). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(7)(A)(vii), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: “For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘earliest retirement age’ has the meaning given such term by section 417(f)(3), except that in the case of any defined contribution plan, the earliest retirement age shall be the date which is 10 years before the normal retirement age (within the meaning of section 411(a)(8)).”

Subsec. (p)(5). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(7)(A)(v), struck out last sentence which read as follows: “A plan shall not be treated as failing to meet the requirements of subsection (a) or (k) of section 401 which prohibit payment of benefits before termination of employment solely by reason of payments to an alternate payee pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order.”

Subsec. (p)(5)(A). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(6)(A), inserted “(and any spouse of the participant shall not be treated as a spouse of the participant for such purposes)”.

Subsec. (p)(5)(B). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(7)(A)(iv), substituted “the surviving former spouse” for “the surviving spouse”.

Subsec. (p)(6)(A)(i). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(7)(A)(iii), substituted “each alternate payee” for “any other alternate payee”.

Subsec. (p)(7)(A). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(2)(A)(i), substituted “shall separately account for the amounts (hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as the ‘segregated amounts’)” for “shall segregate in a separate account in the plan or in an escrow account the amounts”.

Subsec. (p)(7)(B). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(2)(A)(ii), substituted “the 18-month period described in subparagraph (E)” for “18 months” and “including any interest” for “plus any interest”.

Subsec. (p)(7)(C). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(2)(A)(iii), substituted “the 18-month period described in subparagraph (E)” for “18 months” and “including any interest” for “plus any interest”.

Subsec. (p)(7)(D). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(2)(A)(iv), inserted “described in subparagraph (E)”.

Subsec. (p)(7)(E). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(2)(A)(v), added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (p)(9). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(4)(A), added par. (9). Former par. (9) redesignated (11).

Subsec. (p)(10). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(7)(A)(v), added par. (10).

Subsec. (p)(11). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(4)(A), redesignated former par. (9) as (11).

Subsec. (q). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1114(a), added subsec. (q).

Subsecs. (r), (s). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1115(a), added subsecs. (r) and (s).

Subsec. (t). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1151(e)(1), added subsec. (t).

1984—Subsec. (h)(1)(B). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 491(d)(26), struck out “or 405(a)” after “section 403(a)”.

Subsec. (l). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 491(d)(27), struck out “or 405” after “section 403(a)”.

Subsec. (m)(6)(B). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 526(a)(1), substituted “section 318(a)” for “section 267(c)”.

Subsec. (m)(7). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 526(d)(2), as amended by Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1852(f), struck out par. (7) relating to regulations. See subsec. (o) of this section.

Subsec. (n)(2). Puspan. L. 98–369, §§ 526(span)(1), 713(i), made identical amendments, substituting “any person who is not an employee of the recipient and” for “any person” in text preceding subpar. (A).

Subsec. (o). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 526(d)(1), added subsec. (o).

Subsec. (p). Puspan. L. 98–397 added subsec. (p).

1982—Subsecs. (span), (c). Puspan. L. 97–248, § 240(c)(1), inserted reference to section 416.

Subsec. (m)(4)(B). Puspan. L. 97–248, § 240(c)(2), inserted reference to section 416.

Subsec. (m)(5) to (7). Puspan. L. 97–248, § 246(a), added par. (5) and redesignated former pars. (5) and (6) as (6) and (7), respectively.

Subsec. (n). Puspan. L. 97–248, § 248(a), added subsec. (n).

1980—Subsec. (e). Puspan. L. 96–364, § 407(span), substituted provisions defining “church plan” with respect to general requirements, exclusion of certain plans, definitions and other provisions, and correction of failures to meet church plan requirements, for provisions defining “church plan” with respect to general requirements, certain unrelated business or multiemployer plans, and special temporary rules for certain church agencies under church plan.

Subsec. (f). Puspan. L. 96–364, § 207, substituted provisions setting forth definition, cases of common control, continuation of status after termination, transitional rule, and special election with respect to a multiemployer plan, for provisions setting forth definition and special rules with respect to a multiemployer plan.

Subsec. (l). Puspan. L. 96–364, § 208(a), substituted provisions relating to applicability to multiemployer plans subject to title IV of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 of provisions of preceding sentence, for provisions relating to applicability of paragraph to multiemployer plans to extent determined by Corporation.

Subsec. (m). Puspan. L. 96–605 and Puspan. L. 96–613 added an identical subsec. (m).

1978—Subsecs. (span), (c). Puspan. L. 95–600 inserted “408(k),” after “sections 401,” wherever appearing.

1976—Subsecs. (a) to (c). Puspan. L. 94–455, § 1906(span)(13)(A), struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”.

Subsec. (f). Puspan. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(64)(A), substituted “Plan” for “plan” in span.

Subsec. (g)(2)(C). Puspan. L. 94–455, § 1906(span)(13)(A), struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”.

Subsec. (l). Puspan. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(64)(B), substituted reference to Sept. 2, 1974, for reference to the date of enactment of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title I, § 109(d), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5290, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024.”

Amendment by section 117(span) of Puspan. L. 117–328 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2023, see section 117(h) of Puspan. L. 117–328, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 315(span), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5352, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2023.”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 320(c), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5356, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [enacting section 1030a of Title 29, Labor, and amending this section, sections 664, 1027, and 1954 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and sections 441 and 1031 of Title 29] shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2022.”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 339(c), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5375, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1056 of Title 29, Labor] shall apply to domestic relations orders received by plan administrators after December 31, 2022, including any such order which is submitted for reconsideration after such date.”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 350(span), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5387, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply with respect to any errors with respect to which the date referred to in section 414(cc) (as added by this section) is after December 31, 2023. Prior to the application of any regulations or other guidance prescribed under paragraph (3) of section 414(cc) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section), taxpayers may rely upon their reasonable good faith interpretations of the provisions of such section.”

Amendment by section 603(a) of Puspan. L. 117–328 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2023, see section 603(c) of Puspan. L. 117–328, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Puspan. L. 116–136, div. A, title III, § 3609(c), Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 414, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1060 of Title 29, Labor] shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2018.”

Puspan. L. 114–113, div. Q, title III, § 336(a)(3), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3110, provided that: “The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to years beginning before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 2015].”

Puspan. L. 114–113, div. Q, title III, § 336(d)(2), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3113, provided that: “The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to transfers or mergers occurring after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 2015].”

Amendment by Puspan. L. 113–295 effective Dec. 19, 2014, subject to a savings provision, see section 221(span) of Puspan. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Puspan. L. 113–235, div. P, § 3(c), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2829, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1060 of Title 29, Labor] shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by the Cooperative and Small Employer Charity Pension Flexibility Act [Puspan. L. 113–97] (29 U.S.C. 401 note) [probably means 26 U.S.C. 401 note].”

Amendment by section 201 of Puspan. L. 113–97 applicable to years beginning after Dec. 31, 2013, see section 3 of Puspan. L. 113–97, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Puspan. L. 113–97, title II, § 203(span), Apr. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 1139, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply as of the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 7, 2014].”

Amendment by Puspan. L. 110–458 effective as if included in the provisions of Puspan. L. 109–280 to which the amendment relates, except as otherwise provided, see section 112 of Puspan. L. 110–458, set out as a note under section 72 of this title.

Amendment by section 104(span) of Puspan. L. 110–245 applicable with respect to deaths and disabilities occurring on or after Jan. 1, 2007, see section 104(d)(1) of Puspan. L. 110–245, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Amendment by section 105(span)(1) of Puspan. L. 110–245 applicable to years beginning after December 31, 2008, see section 105(span)(3) of Puspan. L. 110–245, set out as a note under section 219 of this title.

Puspan. L. 110–28, title VI, § 6611(c), May 25, 2007, 121 Stat. 181, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1002 of Title 29, Labor] shall take effect as if included in section 1106 of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 [Puspan. L. 109–280].”

Amendment by section 114(c) of Puspan. L. 109–280 applicable to plan years beginning after 2007, see section 114(g)(1) of Puspan. L. 109–280, as added by Puspan. L. 110–458, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Amendment by section 902(d)(1) of Puspan. L. 109–280 applicable to plan years beginning after Dec. 31, 2007, see section 902(g) of Puspan. L. 109–280, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Puspan. L. 109–280, title IX, § 903(c), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1048, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1060 of Title 29, Labor] shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2009.”

Puspan. L. 109–280, title IX, § 906(c), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1052, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section, section 415 of this title, and sections 1002 and 1321 of Title 29, Labor] shall apply to any year beginning on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 17, 2006].”

Amendment by Puspan. L. 107–147 effective as if included in the provisions of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, Puspan. L. 107–16, to which such amendment relates, see section 411(x) of Puspan. L. 107–147, set out as a note under section 25B of this title.

Puspan. L. 107–16, title VI, § 631(span), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 113, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to contributions in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2001.”

Puspan. L. 107–16, title VI, § 635(d), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 117, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to transfers, distributions, and payments made after December 31, 2001.”

Amendment by Puspan. L. 106–554 effective as if included in the provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Puspan. L. 105–34, to which such amendment relates, see section 1(a)(7) [title III, § 314(g)] of Puspan. L. 106–554, set out as a note under section 56 of this title.

Amendment by section 6018 of Puspan. L. 105–206 effective as if included in the provisions of the Small Business Jospan Protection Act of 1996, Puspan. L. 104–188, to which such amendment relates, see section 6018(h) of Puspan. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 23 of this title.

Puspan. L. 105–34, title XV, § 1522(span), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1070, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to years beginning after December 31, 1997.”

Amendment by section 1601(d)(6)(A), (7), (h)(2)(D)(i), (ii) of Puspan. L. 105–34 effective as if included in the provisions of the Small Business Jospan Protection Act of 1996, Puspan. L. 104–188, to which it relates, see section 1601(j) of Puspan. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 23 of this title.

Amendment by section 1421(span)(9)(C) of Puspan. L. 104–188 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1996, see section 1421(e) of Puspan. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section 72 of this title.

Puspan. L. 104–188, title I, § 1431(d), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1803, provided that:

Puspan. L. 104–188, title I, § 1434(c), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1807, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 415 of this title] shall apply to years beginning after December 31, 1997.”

Puspan. L. 104–188, title I, § 1454(span), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1817, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to years beginning after December 31, 1996, but shall not apply to any relationship determined under an Internal Revenue Service ruling issued before the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 20, 1996] pursuant to section 414(n)(2)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as in effect on the day before such date) not to involve a leased employee.”

Amendment by section 1461(a) of Puspan. L. 104–188 applicable to years beginning after Dec. 31, 1996, see section 1461(c) of Puspan. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section 404 of this title.

Puspan. L. 104–188, title I, § 1462(c), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1824, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to years beginning after December 31, 1996.”

Puspan. L. 104–188, title I, § 1704(n)(3), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1886, provided that: “The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 1108 of Title 29, Labor] shall be effective as of December 12, 1994.”

Amendment by Puspan. L. 102–318 applicable to distributions after Dec. 31, 1992, see section 521(e) of Puspan. L. 102–318, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Puspan. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11703(span)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–517, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [probably means par. (1), which amended this section] shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by section 1151 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 [Puspan. L. 99–514].”

Amendment by sections 7811(m)(5) and 7813(span) of Puspan. L. 101–239 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988, Puspan. L. 100–647, to which such amendment relates, see section 7817 of Puspan. L. 101–239, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Amendment by section 7841(a)(2) of Puspan. L. 101–239 applicable to transfers after Dec. 19, 1989, in taxable years ending after such date, see section 7841(a)(3) of Puspan. L. 101–239, set out as a note under section 408 of this title.

Amendment by section 203(a)(6) of Puspan. L. 101–140 effective as if included in section 1151 of Puspan. L. 99–514, see section 203(c) of Puspan. L. 101–140, set out as a note under section 79 of this title.

Amendment by section 204(span)(2) of Puspan. L. 101–140 applicable to years beginning after Dec. 31, 1988, see section 204(d)(1) of Puspan. L. 101–140, set out as a note under section 129 of this title.

Amendment by sections 1011(d)(8), (e)(4), (h)(5), (i)(1)–(4)(A), (j)(1), (2), 1011A(span)(3), 1011B(a)(16), (17), (19), (20), and 1018(t)(8)(E)–(G) of Puspan. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Puspan. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Puspan. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Puspan. L. 100–647, title II, § 2005(c)(3), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3612, provided that:

Amendment by section 3011(span)(4), (5) of Puspan. L. 100–647 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1988, but not applicable to any plan for any plan year to which section 162(k) of this title (as in effect on the day before Nov. 10, 1988) did not apply by reason of section 10001(e)(2) of Puspan. L. 99–272, see section 3011(d) of Puspan. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 162 of this title.

Amendment by section 3021(span)(1), (2)(A) of Puspan. L. 100–647 applicable to years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 3021(d)(2) of Puspan. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 129 of this title.

Puspan. L. 100–647, title VI, § 6067(c), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3703, as amended by Puspan. L. 101–239, title VII, § 7816(k), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2421, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by section 2005(c) of this Act [amending this section].”

Amendment by Puspan. L. 100–203 applicable with respect to plan years beginning after Dec. 31, 1987, see section 9305(d) of Puspan. L. 100–203, set out as a note under section 412 of this title.

Puspan. L. 99–514, title XI, § 1114(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2452, as amended by Puspan. L. 104–188, title I, § 1431(c)(2), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1803; Puspan. L. 107–16, title VI, § 663(a), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 142, provided that:

[Puspan. L. 107–16, title VI, § 663(span), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 143, provided that: “The repeal made by subsection (a) [repealing par. (4) of section 1114(c) of Puspan. L. 99–514, set out above] shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2001.”]

Puspan. L. 99–514, title XI, § 1115(span), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2454, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to years beginning after December 31, 1986.”

Amendment by section 1117(c) of Puspan. L. 99–514 applicable to plan years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, with special provisions for plans maintained pursuant to collective bargaining agreements ratified before Mar. 1, 1986, and for annuity contracts under section 403(span) of this title, see section 1117(d) of Puspan. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Puspan. L. 99–514, title XI, § 1146(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2493, provided that:

Amendment by section 1151(e)(1), (i) of Puspan. L. 99–514 applicable, with certain qualifications and exceptions, to years beginning after Dec. 31, 1988, see section 1151(k) of Puspan. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 79 of this title.

Amendment by section 1301(j)(4) of Puspan. L. 99–514 applicable to bonds issued after Aug. 15, 1986, except as otherwise provided, see sections 1311 to 1318 of Puspan. L. 99–514, set out as an Effective Date; Transitional Rules note under section 141 of this title.

Amendment by section 1852(f) of Puspan. L. 99–514 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, Puspan. L. 98–369, div. A, to which such amendment relates, see section 1881 of Puspan. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 48 of this title.

Amendment by section 1898(c)(2)(A), (4)(A), (6)(A), (7)(A)(ii)–(vii) of Puspan. L. 99–514 effective as if included in the provision of the Retirement Equity Act of 1984, Puspan. L. 98–397, to which such amendment relates, except as otherwise provided, see section 1898(j) of Puspan. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Amendment by Puspan. L. 98–397 effective Jan. 1, 1985, except as otherwise provided, see section 303(d) of Puspan. L. 98–397, set out as a note under section 1001 of Title 29, Labor.

Amendment by section 491(d)(26), (27) of Puspan. L. 98–369 applicable to obligations issued after Dec. 31, 1983, see section 491(f)(1) of Puspan. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 62 of this title.

Puspan. L. 98–369, div. A, title V, § 526(a)(2), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 874, provided that: “The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1984.”

Puspan. L. 98–369, div. A, title V, § 526(span)(2), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 874, provided that: “The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1983.”

Puspan. L. 98–369, div. A, title V, § 526(d)(3), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 875, provided that: “The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [July 18, 1984].”

Amendment by section 713(i) of Puspan. L. 98–369 effective as if included in the provision of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, Puspan. L. 97–248, to which such amendment relates, see section 715 of Puspan. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

Amendment by section 240(c) of Puspan. L. 97–248, applicable to years beginning after Dec. 31, 1983, see section 241(a) of Puspan. L. 97–248, set out as a note under section 416 of this title.

Puspan. L. 97–248, title II, § 246(span), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 525, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1983.”

Puspan. L. 97–248, title II, § 248(span), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 527, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1983.”

Puspan. L. 96–605, title II, § 201(c), Dec. 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 3527, and Puspan. L. 96–613, § 5(c), Dec. 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 3582, provided that:

Puspan. L. 96–364, title IV, § 407(c), Sept. 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 1307, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1002 of Title 29, Labor] shall be effective as of January 1, 1974.”

Amendment by sections 207 and 208(a) of Puspan. L. 96–364 effective Sept. 26, 1980, see section 210(a) of Puspan. L. 96–364, set out as an Effective Date note under section 194A of this title.

Amendment by Puspan. L. 95–600 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1978, see section 152(h) of Puspan. L. 95–600, set out as a note under section 408 of this title.

Amendment by section 1901(a)(64) of Puspan. L. 94–455 effective for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Puspan. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Section applicable, except as otherwise provided in section 1017(c) through (i) of Puspan. L. 93–406, for plan years beginning after Sept. 2, 1974, and, in the case of plans in existence on Jan. 1, 1974, for plan years beginning after Dec. 31, 1975, see section 1017 of Puspan. L. 93–406, set out as an Effective Date; Transitional Rules note under section 410 of this title.

Puspan. L. 109–280, title X, § 1001, Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1052, provided that: “Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 17, 2006], the Secretary of Labor shall issue regulations under section 206(d)(3) of the Employee Retirement Security Act of 1974 [29 U.S.C. 1056(d)(3)] and section 414(p) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 which clarify that—

Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate to issue before Fespan. 1, 1988, final regulations to carry out amendments made by sections 1114, 1115, and 1117 of Puspan. L. 99–514, see section 1141 of Puspan. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title V, § 501(a), (span), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5388, provided that:

Puspan. L. 116–94, div. O, title VI, § 601, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3181, as amended by Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title V, § 501(c)(1), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5389, provided that:

Puspan. L. 110–245, title I, § 105(c), June 17, 2008, 122 Stat. 1629, provided that:

Puspan. L. 114–113, div. Q, title III, § 336(a)(2), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3110, provided that: “The rule of 26 CFR 1.414(c)–5(f) shall continue to apply to each paragraph of section 414(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended by paragraph (1).”

Puspan. L. 114–113, div. Q, title III, § 336(c), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3110, provided that:

Puspan. L. 114–113, div. Q, title III, § 336(e), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3113, provided that:

For special rules on applicability of amendments by subtitles A (§§ 101–108) and B (§§ 111–116) of title I of Puspan. L. 109–280 to certain eligible cooperative plans, PBGC settlement plans, and eligible government contractor plans, see sections 104, 105, and 106 of Puspan. L. 109–280, set out as notes under section 401 of this title.

Puspan. L. 104–188, title I, § 1457, Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1818, provided that:

Puspan. L. 104–188, title I, § 1462(span), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1824, provided that: “The Secretary of the Treasury may design nondiscrimination and coverage safe harbors for church plans.”

Puspan. L. 101–140, title II, § 204(span)(1), Nov. 8, 1989, 103 Stat. 833, provided that: “In the case of any plan year beginning on or before the date the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate issues guidelines and begins issuing determinations under section 414(r)(2)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, an employer shall be treated as operating separate lines of business if the employer reasonably determines that it meets the requirements of section 414(r) (other than paragraph (2)(C) thereof) of such Code.”

[Puspan. L. 101–140, title II, § 204(d)(3), Nov. 8, 1989, 103 Stat. 833, provided that: “The provisions of subsection (span)(1) [set out above] shall apply to years beginning after December 31, 1986.”]

No monies appropriated by Puspan. L. 101–136 to be used to implement or enforce section 1151 of Puspan. L. 99–514 or the amendments made by such section, see section 528 of Puspan. L. 101–136, set out as a note under section 89 of this title.

Puspan. L. 100–647, title VI, § 6067(span), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3703, directed Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate, in consultation with Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, to conduct a study with respect to proper method of allocating assets in case of a transaction to which the amendment made by such section and, not later than Jan. 1, 1990 (due date extended to Jan. 1, 1992, by Puspan. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11831(span), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–559) to report results of such study to Committee on Ways and Means of House of Representatives and to Committee on Finance of Senate.

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle D [§§ 1401–1465] of title I of Puspan. L. 104–188 require an amendment to any plan or annuity contract, such amendment shall not be required to be made before the first day of the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1998, see section 1465 of Puspan. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle B [§§ 521–523] of title V of Puspan. L. 102–318 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1994, see section 523 of Puspan. L. 102–318, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§ 1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§ 1800–1899A] of Puspan. L. 99–514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Puspan. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.