Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 334(c), (e), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5370, 5372, provided that, applicable to distributions made after the date which is 3 years after Dec. 29, 2022, subsection (t)(2) of this section is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(N) Qualified long-term care distributions

“(i) In general

“Any qualified long-term care distribution to which section 401(a)(39) applies.

“(ii) Exception

“If, with respect to the plan, the individual covered by the long-term care coverage to which such distribution relates is the spouse of the employee, clause (i) shall apply only if the employee and the employee’s spouse file a joint return.

“(iii) Exemption of distributions from trustee to trustee transfer and withholding rules

“For purposes of sections 401(a)(31), 402(f), and 3405, any qualified long-term care distribution described in clause (i) shall not be treated as an eligible rollover distribution.”.

See 2022 Amendment note below.

The enactment of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, referred to in subsec. (f), means the enactment of Puspan. L. 107–16, which was approved June 7, 2001.

The date of the enactment of the Small Business Jospan Protection Act of 1996, referred to in subsec. (n), is the date of enactment of Puspan. L. 104–188, which was approved Aug. 20, 1996.

The Railroad Retirement Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (r)(1), (2)(C)(i), (ii), is act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, as amended generally by Puspan. L. 93–445, title I, § 101, Oct. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 1305, which is classified generally to subchapter IV (§ 231 et seq.) of chapter 9 of Title 45, Railroads. Sections 2(span), 3(h), and 4(e) and (h) of the Act are classified to sections 231a(span), 231span(h), and 231c(e) and (h), respectively, of Title 45. For further details and complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Codification note set out preceding section 231 of Title 45, section 231t of Title 45, and Tables.

The date of the enactment of this subparagraph, referred to in subsec. (t)(2)(G)(iv), is the date of enactment of Puspan. L. 109–280, which was approved Aug. 17, 2006.

Section 1034 (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this paragraph), referred to in subsec. (t)(8)(D)(i)(II), means section 1034 of this title as in effect on the day before Aug. 5, 1997. Section 1034 was repealed by Puspan. L. 105–34, title III, § 312(span), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 839.

The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (t)(11)(E), (F)(i)(I), is Puspan. L. 93–288, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 143, which is classified principally to chapter 68 (§ 5121 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Section 401 of the Act is classified to section 5170 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5121 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 301 of the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, referred to in subsec. (t)(11)(F)(i)(II), is section 301 of Puspan. L. 116–260, div. EE, title III, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3070, which is not classified to the Code.

The date of the enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (t)(11)(F)(iii)(I), is the date of enactment of Puspan. L. 117–328, which was approved Dec. 29, 2022.

2022—Subsec. (d)(3). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 127(e)(3), added par. (3).

Subsec. (p)(6). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 331(c)(1), added par. (6).

Subsec. (q)(2). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 323(d)(2), added concluding provisions.

Subsec. (q)(3). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 323(span), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and inserted span, redesignated former subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, of subpar. (A), and cls. (i) and (ii) of former subpar. (B) as subcls. (I) and (II), respectively, of cl. (ii), and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (t)(2)(A). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 323(d)(1), added concluding provisions.

Subsec. (t)(2)(A)(ix). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 333(a), added cl. (ix).

Subsec. (t)(2)(H)(v)(I). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 311(a), substituted “may, at any time during the 3-year period beginning on the day after the date on which such distribution was received, make” for “may make”.

Subsec. (t)(2)(H)(vi)(IV). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 401(span)(1), substituted “403(span)(7)(A)(i)” for “403(span)(7)(A)(ii)”.

Subsec. (t)(2)(I). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 115(a), added subpar. (I).

Subsec. (t)(2)(J). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 127(e)(2), added subpar. (J).

Subsec. (t)(2)(K). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 314(a), added subpar. (K).

Subsec. (t)(2)(L). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 326(a), added subpar. (L).

Subsec. (t)(2)(M). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 331(a)(1), added subpar. (M).

Subsec. (t)(2)(N). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 334(c), added subpar. (N).

Subsec. (t)(4)(C). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 323(a), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (t)(6). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 332(span)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted span, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (t)(8)(F). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 331(span)(1), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (t)(10). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 308(span), substituted “and private sector firefighters” for “in governmental plans” in span.

Subsec. (t)(10)(A). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 329(a), substituted “age 50 or 25 years of service under the plan, whichever is earlier” for “age 50”.

Puspan. L. 117–328, § 308(a), substituted “414(d)) or a distribution from a plan described in clause (iii), (iv), or (vi) of section 402(c)(8)(B) to an employee who provides firefighting services” for “414(d))”.

Subsec. (t)(10)(B)(i). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 330(a), substituted “emergency medical services, or services as a corrections officer or as a forensic security employee providing for the care, custody, and control of forensic patients” for “or emergency medical services”.

Subsec. (t)(11). Puspan. L. 117–328, § 331(a)(2), added par. (11).

2019—Subsec. (p)(2)(D), (E). Puspan. L. 116–94, § 108(a), added subpar. (D) and redesignated former subpar. (D) as (E).

Subsec. (t)(2)(H). Puspan. L. 116–94, § 113(a), added subpar. (H).

2015—Subsec. (t)(4)(A)(ii). Puspan. L. 114–26, § 2(c), inserted “or a distribution to which paragraph (10) applies” after “other than by reason of death or disability” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (t)(10)(A). Puspan. L. 114–26, § 2(span), struck out “which is a defined benefit plan” after “section 414(d))”.

Subsec. (t)(10)(B). Puspan. L. 114–26, § 2(a), substituted “means—” for “means”, designated remainder of existing provisions as cl. (i), and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (t)(10)(B)(ii). Puspan. L. 114–113 substituted “any air traffic controller” for “or any air traffic controller” and inserted before period at end “, any nuclear materials courier described in section 8331(27) or 8401(33) of such title, any member of the United States Capitol Police, any member of the Supreme Court Police, or any diplomatic security special agent of the Department of State”.

2014—Subsec. (c)(4). Puspan. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(14)(A), struck out “; except that if such date was before January 1, 1954, then the annuity starting date is January 1, 1954” before period at end.

Subsec. (g)(3). Puspan. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(14)(B), struck out “January 1, 1954, or” before “the first day”.

Puspan. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(14)(B), which directed striking out “, whichever is later”, was executed by striking out “, whichever is the later” after “as an annuity” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

2012—Subsec. (t)(2)(A)(viii). Puspan. L. 112–141 added cl. (viii).

2010—Subsec. (a). Puspan. L. 111–240 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, gross income includes any amount received as an annuity (whether for a period certain or during one or more lives) under an annuity, endowment, or life insurance contract.”

2008—Subsec. (t)(2)(G)(iv). Puspan. L. 110–245, which directed amendment by striking out “, and before December 31, 2007” after “September 11, 2001”, was executed by striking out “, and on or before December 31, 2007” after “September 11, 2001”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening amendment by Puspan. L. 110–458. See Amendment note and Effective Date of 2008 Amendment note below.

Puspan. L. 110–458 inserted “on or” before “before” in first sentence.

2006—Subsec. (e)(11), (12). Puspan. L. 109–280, § 844(a), added par. (11) and redesignated former par. (11) as (12).

Subsec. (t)(2)(G). Puspan. L. 109–280, § 827(a), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (t)(10). Puspan. L. 109–280, § 828(a), added par. (10).

2004—Subsec. (e)(9). Puspan. L. 108–311, § 408(span)(3), amended Puspan. L. 107–22, § 1(span)(3)(A). See 2001 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (f). Puspan. L. 108–311, § 408(a)(4), substituted “Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001)” for “Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001” in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (t)(2)(D)(i)(III). Puspan. L. 108–311, § 207(6), inserted “, determined without regard to subsections (span)(1), (span)(2), and (d)(1)(B) thereof” after “section 152”.

Subsec. (t)(7)(A)(iii). Puspan. L. 108–311, § 207(7), substituted “152(f)(1)” for “151(c)(3)”.

Subsecs. (w), (x). Puspan. L. 108–357 added subsec. (w) and redesignated former subsec. (w) as (x).

2001—Subsec. (e)(9). Puspan. L. 107–22, § 1(span)(3)(A), as amended by Puspan. L. 108–311, § 408(span)(3), substituted “Coverdell education savings” for “educational individual retirement” in span.

Puspan. L. 107–22, § 1(span)(1)(A), substituted “a Coverdell education savings” for “an education individual retirement”.

Puspan. L. 107–16, § 402(a)(4)(A), (B), substituted “qualified tuition” for “qualified State tuition” in span and text.

Subsec. (f). Puspan. L. 107–16, § 632(a)(3)(A), substituted “section 403(span)(2)(D)(iii), as in effect before the enactment of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001” for “section 403(span)(2)(D)(iii))” in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (o)(4). Puspan. L. 107–16, § 641(e)(1), substituted “403(span)(8), 408(d)(3), and 457(e)(16)” for “and 408(d)(3)”.

Subsec. (r)(2)(B)(i). Puspan. L. 107–90 substituted “3211(span)” for “3211(a)(2)”.

Subsec. (t)(9). Puspan. L. 107–16, § 641(a)(2)(C), added par. (9).

1998—Subsec. (e)(9). Puspan. L. 105–206, § 6004(d)(3)(B), added par. (9).

Subsec. (n). Puspan. L. 105–206, § 6023(3), inserted “(as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Small Business Jospan Protection Act of 1996)” after “section 101(span)(2)(D)”.

Subsec. (t)(2)(A)(iv). Puspan. L. 105–206, § 3436(a), which directed amendment of cl. (iv) by striking out “or” at end, could not be executed because the word “or” did not appear at end.

Subsec. (t)(2)(A)(vii). Puspan. L. 105–206, § 3436(a), added cl. (vii).

Subsec. (t)(3)(A). Puspan. L. 105–206, § 6023(4), substituted “(A)(v)” for “(A)(v),”.

Subsec. (t)(8)(E). Puspan. L. 105–206, § 6005(c)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted “120th day” for “120 days” and “60th day” for “60 days”.

1997—Subsec. (d)(1)(B)(iii). Puspan. L. 105–34, § 1075(span), inserted “If the annuity is payable over the life of a single individual, the number of anticipated payments shall be determined as follows:” before table and struck out “primary” after “If the age of the” in table.

Subsec. (d)(1)(B)(iv). Puspan. L. 105–34, § 1075(a), added cl. (iv).

Subsec. (t)(2)(E). Puspan. L. 105–34, § 203(a), added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (t)(2)(F). Puspan. L. 105–34, § 303(a), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (t)(7). Puspan. L. 105–34, § 203(span), added par. (7).

Subsec. (t)(8). Puspan. L. 105–34, § 303(span), added par. (8).

1996—Subsec. (span)(4)(A). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1704(l)(1), inserted “(determined without regard to subsection (c)(2))” after “contract”.

Subsec. (d). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1403(a), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: “Treatment of Employee Contributions Under Defined Contribution Plans as Separate Contracts.—For purposes of this section, employee contributions (and any income allocable thereto) under a defined contribution plan may be treated as a separate contract.”

Subsec. (f). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1463(a), in closing provisions, inserted before period at end “, or to the extent such credits are attributable to services performed as a foreign missionary (within the meaning of section 403(span)(2)(D)(iii))”.

Subsec. (m)(2)(A) to (C). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1704(t)(2), inserted “and” at end of subpar. (A), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B), and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: “the consideration for the contract contributed by the employee for purposes of subsection (d)(1) (relating to employee’s contributions recoverable in 3 years) and subsection (e)(7) (relating to plans where substantially all contributions are employee contributions), and”.

Subsec. (p)(4)(A)(ii). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1704(t)(77), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: “Special rules.—The term ‘qualified employer plan’—

“(I) shall include any plan which was (or was determined to be) a qualified employer plan or a government plan, but

“(II) shall not include a plan described in subsection (e)(7).”

Subsec. (t)(2)(B). Puspan. L. 104–191, § 361(c), substituted “, (C), or (D)” for “or (C)”.

Subsec. (t)(2)(D). Puspan. L. 104–191, § 361(span), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (t)(3)(A). Puspan. L. 104–191, § 361(a), struck out “(B),” after “Subparagraphs (A)(v),”.

Subsec. (t)(6). Puspan. L. 104–188, § 1421(span)(4)(A), added par. (6).

1992—Subsec. (o)(4). Puspan. L. 102–318 substituted “402(c)” for “402(a)(5), 402(a)(7)”.

1990—Subsec. (t)(2)(C), (D). Puspan. L. 101–508, § 11802(a)(1), (2), redesignated subpar. (D) as (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) “Exceptions for distributions from employee stock ownership plans” which read as follows: “Any distribution made before January 1, 1990, to an employee from an employee stock ownership plan (as defined in section 4975(e)(7)) or a tax credit employee stock ownership plan (as defined in section 409) if—

“(i) such distribution is attributable to assets which have been invested in employer securities (within the meaning of section 409(l)) at all times during the 5-plan-year period preceding the plan year in which the distribution is made, and

“(ii) at all times during such period the requirements of sections 401(a)(28) and 409 (as in effect at such times) are met with respect to such employer securities.”

Subsec. (t)(3)(A). Puspan. L. 101–508, § 11802(a)(3), substituted “and (C)” for “(C), and (D)”.

1989—Subsec. (e)(11)(A). Puspan. L. 101–239, § 7815(a)(3), (5), substituted “calendar year” for “12-month period” in cls. (i) and (ii), and inserted at end “The preceding sentence shall not apply to any contract described in paragraph (5)(D).”

Subsec. (q)(2)(B). Puspan. L. 101–239, § 7811(m)(4), inserted an additional closing parenthesis after “subsection (s)(6)(B))”.

1988—Subsec. (d). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(span)(2)(A), added subsec. (d).

Subsec. (e)(4)(A). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 5012(d)(1), inserted at end “The preceding sentence shall not apply for purposes of determining investment in the contract, except that the investment in the contract shall be increased by any amount included in gross income by reason of the amount treated as received under the preceding sentence.”

Subsec. (e)(5)(C). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 5012(a)(2), substituted “Except as provided in paragraph (10) and except to the extent” for “Except to the extent”.

Subsec. (e)(5)(D). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(span)(9)(B), substituted “paragraph (8)” for “paragraphs (7) and (8)”.

Subsec. (e)(7). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(span)(9)(A), struck out par. (7) which related to special rules for plans where substantially all contributions are employee contributions.

Subsec. (e)(8)(A). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(span)(9)(C), struck out “(other than paragraph (7))” after “this subsection”.

Subsec. (e)(9). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(span)(2)(B), struck out par. (9) which related to treatment of employee contributions as separate contract.

Subsec. (e)(10). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 5012(a)(1), added par. (10).

Subsec. (e)(11). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 5012(d)(2), added par. (11).

Subsec. (f). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(span)(1)(A), struck out “for purposes of subsections (d)(1) and (e)(7), the consideration for the contract contributed by the employee,” after “contract,” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (n). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(span)(1)(B), substituted “Subsection (span)” for “Subsections (span) and (d)”.

Subsec. (o)(2). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(c)(8), struck out par. (2) which related to additional tax if amount received before age 59½.

Subsec. (p)(3)(A). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(h)(1), inserted “to which paragraph (1) does not apply by reason of paragraph (2) during the period” after “loan”.

Subsec. (p)(3)(B). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(h)(2), substituted “Period” for “Loans” in span and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of subparagraph (A), a loan is described in this subparagraph—

“(i) if paragraph (1) does not apply to such loan by reason of paragraph (2), and

“(ii) if—

“(I) such loan is made to a key employee (as defined in section 416(i)), or

“(II) such loan is secured by amounts attributable to elective 401(k) or 403(span) deferrals (as defined in section 402(g)(3)).”

Subsec. (q)(2)(B). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1018(t)(1)(B), substituted “subsection (s)(6)(B))” for “subsection (s)(6)(B)))”.

Subsec. (q)(2)(D). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(c)(7), inserted “designated” before “beneficiary”.

Puspan. L. 100–647, §§ 1011A(c)(4), 1018(u)(8), amended subpar. (D) identically, substituting a comma for period at end.

Subsec. (q)(2)(E). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(span)(9)(D), struck out “(determined without regard to subsection (e)(7))” after “subsection (e)(5)(D)”.

Subsec. (q)(2)(G). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(c)(4), substituted a comma for period at end.

Subsec. (q)(2)(H). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(c)(6), added subpar. (H).

Subsec. (q)(3)(B). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(c)(5), substituted “taxpayer” for “employee” in cls. (i) and (ii).

Subsec. (s)(5). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1018(k)(2), substituted “certain annuity contracts” for “annuity contracts which are part of qualified plans” in span.

Subsec. (s)(5)(D). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1018(k)(1), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (s)(7). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1018(t)(1)(A), substituted “primary annuitant” for “primary annuity”.

Subsec. (t)(2)(A)(iv). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(c)(7), inserted “designated” before “beneficiary”.

Subsec. (t)(2)(A)(v). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(c)(1), struck out “on account of early retirement under the plan” after “separation from service”.

Subsec. (t)(2)(C). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(c)(2), substituted “Exceptions for distributions from employee stock ownership plans” for “Certain plans” in span and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

“(i) In general.—Except as provided in clause (ii), any distribution made before January 1, 1990, to an employee from an employee stock ownership plan defined in section 4975(e)(7) to the extent that, on average, a majority of assets in the plan have been invested in employer securities (as defined in section 409(l)) for the 5-plan-year period preceding the plan year in which the distribution is made.

“(ii) Benefits distributed must be invested in employer securities for 5 years.—Clause (i) shall not apply to any distribution which is attributable to assets which have not been invested in employer securities at all times during the period referred to in clause (i).”

Subsec. (t)(3)(A). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(c)(3), substituted “(C), and (D)” for “and (C)”.

Subsec. (u)(1)(A). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(i)(1), inserted “(other than subchapter L)” after “subtitle”.

Subsec. (u)(3)(D). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(i)(3), substituted “is purchased” for “which is purchased” and “is held” for “which is held”.

Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(i)(2), substituted “until all amounts under such contract are distributed to the employee for whom such contract was purchased or the employee’s beneficiary” for “until such time as the employee separates from service”.

Subsec. (u)(3)(E). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(i)(3), substituted “is” for “which is”.

Subsec. (u)(4)(C). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 1011A(i)(4), added subpar. (C).

Subsecs. (v), (w). Puspan. L. 100–647, § 5012(span)(1), added subsec. (v) and redesignated former subsec. (v) as (w).

1986—Subsec. (span). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1122(c)(2), amended subsec. (span) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (span) read as follows: “Gross income does not include that part of any amount received as an annuity under an annuity, endowment, or life insurance contract which bears the same ratio to such amount as the investment in the contract (as of the annuity starting date) bears to the expected return under the contract (as of such date). This subsection shall not apply to any amount to which subsection (d)(1) (relating to certain employee annuities) applies.”

Subsec. (d). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1122(c)(1), struck out subsec. (d) which related to employee’s annuities where the employee’s contributions were recoverable in 3 years.

Subsec. (e)(4)(C). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1826(span)(3), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (e)(5)(D). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1122(c)(3)(B), substituted “paragraphs (7) and (8)” for “paragraph (7)” in introductory provisions.

Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1854(span)(1), inserted closing provisions which read as follows: “Any dividend described in section 404(k) which is received by a participant or beneficiary shall, for purposes of this subparagraph, be treated as paid under a separate contract to which clause (ii)(I) applies.”

Subsec. (e)(7)(B). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1852(c)(1), in introductory provisions substituted “any plan or contract” for “any trust or contract”, in cl. (ii) substituted “85 percent or more of” for “85 percent of”, and inserted closing provision: “For purposes of clause (ii), deductible employee contributions (as defined in subsection (o)(5)(A)) shall not be taken into account.”

Subsec. (e)(8), (9). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1122(c)(3)(A), added pars. (8) and (9).

Subsec. (f). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1852(c)(3), in introductory provisions, substituted “subsections (d)(1) and (e)(7)” for “subsection (d)(1)” and “subsection (e)(6)” for “subsection (e)(1)(B)”.

Subsec. (m)(2)(B). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1852(c)(4)(A), inserted “and subsection (e)(7) (relating to plans where substantially all contributions are employee contributions)”.

Subsec. (m)(2)(C). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1852(c)(4)(B), substituted “subsection (e)(6)” for “subsection (e)(1)(B)”.

Subsec. (m)(5). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1852(a)(2)(C), which directed that par. (5) be amended by substituting “5-percent owners” for “owner-employees” in span, was executed by substituting “5-percent owners” for “key employees”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and intervening amendment by section 713(c)(1)(B) of Puspan. L. 98–369.

Subsec. (m)(5)(A). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1123(d)(1), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “This subparagraph shall apply—

“(i) to amounts which—

“(I) are received from a qualified trust described in section 401(a) or under a plan described in section 403(a), and

“(II) are received by a 5-percent owner before such owner attains the age of 59½ years, for any reason other than such owner becoming disabled (within the meaning of paragraph (7) of this section), and

“(ii) to amounts which are received from a qualified trust described in section 401(a) or under a plan described in section 403(a) at any time by a 5-percent owner, or by the successor of such owner, but only to the extent that such amounts are determined (under regulations prescribed by the Secretary) to exceed the benefits provided for such individual under the plan formula.

Clause (i) shall not apply to any amount received by an individual in his capacity as a policyholder of an annuity, endowment, or life insurance contract which is in the nature of a dividend or similar distribution and clause (i) shall not apply to amounts attributable to benefits accrued before January 1, 1985.”

Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1852(a)(2)(A), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “This paragraph shall apply—

“(i) to amounts (other than any amount received by an individual in his capacity as a policyholder of an annuity, endowment, or life insurance contract which is in the nature of a dividend or similar distribution) which are received from a qualified trust described in section 401(a) or under a plan described in section 403(a) and which are received by an individual, who is, or has been, a 5-percent owner, before such individual attains the age of 59½ years, for any reason other than the individual’s becoming disabled (within the meaning of paragraph (7) of this subsection), but only to the extent that such amounts are attributable to contributions paid on behalf of such individual (other than contributions made by him as a 5-percent owner) while he was a 5-percent owner, and

“(ii) to amounts which are received from a qualified trust described in section 401(a) or under a plan described in section 403(a) at any time by an individual who is, or has been, a 5-percent owner or by the successor of such individual, but only to the extent that such amounts are determined, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, to exceed the benefits provided for such individual under the plan formula.”

Subsec. (m)(5)(C). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1852(a)(2)(B), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: “For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘5 percent owner’ have the same meanings as when used in section 416.”

Subsec. (m)(10). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1898(c)(1)(B), inserted “who is the spouse or former spouse of the participant”.

Subsec. (o)(5). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1101(span)(2)(C), inserted “and made for a taxable year beginning before January 1, 1987,” in subpar. (A), substituted “subsection (p)(3)(A)(i)” for “section 219(e)(3)” in subpar. (C), and substituted “subsection (p)(3)(B)” for “section 219(e)(4)” in subpar. (D).

Subsec. (p)(2)(A)(i). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1134(a), amended cl. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (i) read as follows: “$50,000, or”.

Subsec. (p)(2)(B)(ii). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1134(d), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: “Clause (i) shall not apply to any loan used to acquire, construct, reconstruct, or substantially rehabilitate any dwelling unit which within a reasonable time is to be used (determined at the time the loan is made) as a principal residence of the participant or a member of the family (within the meaning of section 267(c)(4)) of the participant.”

Subsec. (p)(2)(C), (D). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1134(span), added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D).

Subsec. (p)(3). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1134(c), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).

Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1101(span)(2)(B), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: “For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘qualified employer plan’ means any plan which was (or was determined to be) a qualified employer plan (as defined in section 219(e)(3) other than a plan described in subsection (e)(7)). For purposes of this subsection, such term includes any government plan (as defined in section 219(e)(4)).”

Subsec. (p)(4), (5). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1134(c), redesignated former pars. (3) and (4) as (4) and 5, respectively.

Subsec. (q). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1123(span)(1)(B), substituted “10-percent” for “5-percent” in span.

Subsec. (q)(1). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1123(span)(1)(A), substituted “10 percent” for “5 percent”.

Subsec. (q)(2). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1123(span)(3), substituted “Paragraph (1)” for “This subsection” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (q)(2)(B). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1826(c), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: “made to a beneficiary (or to the estate of an annuitant) on or after the death of an annuitant,”.

Subsec. (q)(2)(D). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1123(span)(2), amended subpar. (D) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (D) read as follows: “which is one of a series of substantially equal periodic payments made for the life of a taxpayer or over a period extending for at least 60 months after the annuity starting date,”.

Subsec. (q)(2)(E). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1852(c)(2), inserted “(determined without regard to subsection (e)(7))”.

Subsec. (q)(2)(G). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1826(d), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (q)(2)(I), (J). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1123(span)(4), which added subpars. (I) and (J) directed the amendment of subpar. (G) by striking out “or” at the end thereof, and of subpar. (H) by striking out the period at the end thereof, could not be executed to subpars. (G) and (H) because subpar. (G) does not contain “or”, and no subpar. (H) was enacted.

Subsec. (q)(3). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1123(span)(3), added par. (3).

Subsec. (s)(1). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1826(span)(2), substituted “any holder of such contract” for “the holder of such contract” in subpars. (A) and (B).

Subsec. (s)(5). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1826(a), added par. (5).

Subsec. (s)(6), (7). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1826(span)(1), added pars. (6) and (7).

Subsec. (t). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1123(a), added subsec. (t) and redesignated former subsec. (t) as (u).

Subsecs. (u), (v). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1135(a), added subsec. (u) and redesignated former subsec. (u) as (v).

1984—Subsec. (e)(5)(D). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 523(span)(1), substituted “Except as provided in paragraph (7), this” for “This”.

Subsec. (e)(5)(D)(ii)(IV). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 211(span)(1), which directed substitution of “section 818(a)(3)” for “805(d)(3)” in subpar. (D)(i)(IV), was executed to subpar. (D)(ii)(IV) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (e)(7). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 523(a), added par. (7).

Subsec. (k). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 421(span)(1), repealed subsec. (k) relating to payments in discharge of alimony.

Subsec. (m)(5). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 713(c)(1)(B), substituted “key employees” for “owner-employees” in span.

Subsec. (m)(5)(A). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 521(d)(1), (2), substituted “5-percent owner” for “key employee” wherever appearing and struck out “in a top-heavy plan” at end of cl. (i).

Puspan. L. 98–369, § 713(c)(1)(A), substituted “as a key employee” for “as an owner-employee” in cl. (i).

Subsec. (m)(5)(C). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 521(d)(3), substituted “the term ‘5 percent owner’ ” for “the terms ‘key employee’ and ‘top-heavy plan’ ”.

Subsec. (m)(9). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 713(d)(1), repealed par. (9) relating to return of excess contributions before due date of return.

Subsec. (m)(10). Puspan. L. 98–397 added par. (10).

Subsec. (o)(1). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 491(d)(3), substituted “402 and 403” for “402, 403, and 405”.

Subsec. (o)(3)(A). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 713(span)(1)(A), inserted “(other than the exception contained in paragraph (2) thereof)”.

Subsec. (o)(4). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 491(d)(4), substituted “and 408(d)(3)” for “408(d)(3), and 409(span)(3)(C)”.

Subsec. (p)(2)(A). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 713(span)(1)(B), inserted at end “For purposes of clause (ii), the present value of the nonforfeitable accrued benefit shall be determined without regard to any accumulated deductible employee contributions (as defined in subsection (o)(5)(B)).”

Subsec. (p)(2)(A)(ii). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 713(span)(4), substituted as cl. (ii) “the greater of (I) one-half of the present value of the nonforfeitable accrued benefit of the employee under the plan, or (II) $10,000” for “½ of the present value of the nonforfeitable accrued benefit of the employee under the plan (but not less than $10,000)”.

Subsec. (p)(3). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 523(span)(2), inserted “other than a plan described in subsection (e)(7)”.

Subsec. (q)(1). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 222(a), amended par. (1) generally, striking out designation “(A) In general.—” preceding text, substituting “which is includible in gross income” for “includible in gross income which is properly allocable to any investment in the annuity contract made during the 10-year period ending on the date such amount was received by the taxpayer”, and striking out former subpar. (B), which had provided that for purposes of subpar. (A), the amount includible in gross income would be allocated to the earliest investment in the contract with respect to which amounts had not been previously fully allocated under this par.

Subsecs. (s), (t). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 222(span), added subsec. (s) and redesignated former subsec. (s) as (t).

1983—Subsec. (o)(2)(A). Puspan. L. 97–448, § 103(c)(6), struck out “to which the employee made one or more deductible employee contributions” after “from a qualified employer plan or government plan”.

Subsec. (p)(3). Puspan. L. 97–448, § 103(c)(3)(B)(i), struck out “without regard to subparagraph (D) thereof” after “as defined in section 219(e)(3)”.

Subsecs. (r), (s). Puspan. L. 98–76 added subsec. (r) and redesignated former subsec. (r) as (s).

1982—Subsec. (e). Puspan. L. 97–248, § 265(a), in par. (1) substituted provisions relating to the application of this subsection to amounts received under annuity, endowment, or life insurance contracts which are not received as annuities and to amounts received as dividends for provisions which stated a general rule relating to the includability as gross income of amounts that were received under annuity, endowment, or life insurance contracts which were not received as annuities and also stated that for the purposes of this section amounts which were received as dividends would be treated as amounts not received as an annuity, in par. (2) substituted provisions stating a general rule as to the includability as gross income of amounts received before or after the annuity starting date for provisions which set out those amounts which would be treated as amounts not received as an annuity, and added pars. (3) to (6).

Subsec. (m)(4). Puspan. L. 97–248, § 236(span)(1), struck out par. (4) which related to amounts constructively received with respect to assignments or pledges, and loans on contracts.

Subsec. (m)(5). Puspan. L. 97–248, § 237(d)(1), (2), in subpar. (A) substituted applicability to key employees for applicability to owner-employees and added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (m)(6). Puspan. L. 97–248, § 237(d)(3), struck out “except in applying paragraph (5),” after “shall”.

Subsec. (m)(8). Puspan. L. 97–248, § 236(span)(1), struck out par. (8) which related to loans to owner-employees.

Subsec. (o)(3)(A). Puspan. L. 97–248, § 236(span)(2), substituted reference to subsec. (p) of this section for references to subsec. (m)(4) and (8) of this section.

Subsec. (p). Puspan. L. 97–248, § 236(a), added subsec. (p). Former subsec. (p) redesignated (q).

Subsec. (q). Puspan. L. 97–248, § 265(span)(1), added subsec. (q). Former subsec. (q) redesignated (r).

Puspan. L. 97–248, § 236(a), redesignated former subsec. (p) as (q).

Subsec. (r). Puspan. L. 97–248, §§ 236(a), 265(span)(1), redesignated former subsec. (p) as (r).

1981—Subsec. (m)(6). Puspan. L. 97–34, § 312(d)(1), expanded definition of “owner-employee” to include an employee within the meaning of section 401(c)(1) except in applying paragraph (5).

Subsec. (m)(8). Puspan. L. 97–34, § 312(d)(2), added par. (8).

Subsec. (m)(9). Puspan. L. 97–34, § 312(e)(1), added par. (9).

Subsecs. (o), (p). Puspan. L. 97–34, § 311(span)(1), added subsec. (o) and redesignated former subsec. (o) as (p).

1976—Subsec. (c)(2), (3)(A). Puspan. L. 94–455, § 1906(span)(13)(A), struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”.

Subsec. (d)(1). Puspan. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(12), struck out in subpar. (B) “(whether or not before January 1, 1954)” after “beginning on the date”, and in provisions following subpar. (B) struck out “(under this paragraph and prior income tax laws)” after “until there has been so excluded”.

Subsec. (f). Puspan. L. 94–455, § 1906(span)(13)(A), struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”.

Subsec. (i). Puspan. L. 94–455, § 1951(span)(1)(A), struck out subsec. (i) which related to joint annuities where first annuitant died in 1951, 1952, or 1953.

Subsec. (m)(2), (3). Puspan. L. 94–455, § 1906(span)(13)(A), struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”.

Subsec. (m)(4)(A). Puspan. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(13), substituted “an individual retirement account” for “an individual retirement amount”.

Subsec. (m)(5)(A)(ii), (7). Puspan. L. 94–455, § 1906(span)(13)(A), struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”.

1974—Subsec. (m)(1). Puspan. L. 93–406, § 2001(h)(2), struck out par. (1) which related to certain amounts received before annuity starting date.

Subsec. (m)(4)(A). Puspan. L. 93–406, § 2002(g)(10)(A), inserted references to an individual retirement amount described in section 408(a) and an individual retirement annuity described in section 408(span).

Subsec. (m)(5)(A). Puspan. L. 93–406, § 2001(e)(5), (h)(3), substituted “(other than contributions made by him as an owner-employee)” for “(whether or not paid by him)” in cl. (i), and struck out cl. (iii) which had made reference to amounts which were received, by an individual who was or had been, an owner-employee, by reason of the distribution under the provisions of section 401(e)(2)(E) of his entire interest in all qualified trusts described in section 401(a) and in all plans described in section 403(a).

Subsec. (m)(5)(B). Puspan. L. 93–406, § 2001(g)(1), substituted provisions that if a person receives an amount to which subsec. (m)(5) applies, his tax under this chapter for the taxable year in which such amount is received shall be increased by an amount equal to 10 percent of the portion of the amount so received which is includible in his gross income for such taxable year for provisions that if the aggregate amounts to which subsec. (m)(5) applied received by any person in his taxable year equalled or exceeded $2,500, the increase in his tax for the taxable year in which such amounts were received and attributable to such amounts could not be less than 110 percent of the aggregate increase in taxes, for the taxable year and the 4 immediately preceding taxable years, which would have resulted if such amounts had been included in such person’s gross income ratably over such taxable years, with provision for alternate computation if deductions had been allowed under section 404 for contributions paid for a number of prior taxable years less than 4.

Subsec. (m)(5)(C) to (E). Puspan. L. 93–406, § 2001(g)(2)(A), struck out subpars. (C) to (E) which contained special rules for the application of subsec. (m)(5).

Subsec. (m)(6). Puspan. L. 93–406, § 2002(g)(10)(B), inserted reference to an individual for whose benefit an individual retirement account or annuity described in section 408(a) or (span) is maintained.

Subsec. (n). Puspan. L. 93–406, §§ 2005(c)(3), 2007(span)(2), redesignated former subsec. (o) as (n) and in span of subsec. (n) as so redesignated inserted reference to survivor benefit plan. Former subsec. (n), which set out provisions covering the treatment to be accorded total distributions, was struck out.

Subsec. (o). Puspan. L. 93–406, § 2005(c)(3), redesignated former subsec. (p) as (o). Former subsec. (o) redesignated (n) and amended.

Subsec. (p). Puspan. L. 93–406, § 2005(c)(3), redesignated subsec. (p) as (o).

1969—Subsec. (n)(1). Puspan. L. 91–172, § 515(span)(1), altered section to accommodate the insertion into sections 402 and 403 of provisions under which employer contributions to qualified pension, profit sharing, stock bonus, and annuity plans for plan years beginning after 1969 are to be treated as ordinary income when received in a lump sum distribution, but with such amounts to be eligible for a special averaging procedure.

Subsec. (n)(4). Puspan. L. 91–172, § 515(span)(2), added par. (4).

1966—Subsecs. (o), (p). Puspan. L. 89–365 added subsec. (o) and redesignated former subsec. (o) as (p).

1965—Subsec. (m)(5)(A)(i). Puspan. L. 89–97, § 106(d)(2)(A), substituted “paragraph (7) of this subsection” for “section 213(g)(3)”.

Subsec. (m)(7). Puspan. L. 89–97, § 106(d)(2)(B), added par. (7).

Subsec. (n)(1). Puspan. L. 89–97, § 106(d)(2)(C), substituted in subpars. (A)(iii) and (B)(iii) “subsection (m)(7)” for “section 213(g)(3)”.

Subsec. (n)(3). Puspan. L. 89–44 substituted “sections 31 and 39” for “section 31” in sentence following subpar. (B).

1964—Subsec. (e)(3). Puspan. L. 88–272 struck out par. (3) which provided for a limit on the tax attributable to the receipt of a lump sum.

1962—Subsec. (d)(2). Puspan. L. 87–792, § 4(a), designated existing provisions as cl. (A) and added cl. (B).

Subsec. (f). Puspan. L. 87–834 inserted sentence providing that par. (2) shall not apply to amounts which were contributed by the employer after Dec. 31, 1962, and which would not have been includible in the gross income of the employee by reason of the application of Section 911 if such amounts had been paid directly to the employee at the time of contribution, and making such sentence inapplicable to amounts which were contributed by the employer, as determined under regulations, to provide pension or annuity credits, to the extent such credits are attributable to services performed before Jan. 1, 1963, and are provided pursuant to pension or annuity plan provisions in existence on Mar. 12, 1962, and on that date applicable to such services.

Subsecs. (m) to (o). Puspan. L. 87–792, § 4(span), added subsecs. (m) and (n) and redesignated former subsec. (m) as (o).

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title I, § 115(c), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5297, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to distributions made after December 31, 2023.”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title I, § 127(g), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5330, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [enacting sections 1193 to 1193c of Title 29, Labor, and amending this section, section 402A of this title, and sections 1002, 1021, 1030, and 1104 of Title 29] shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2023.”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 308(c), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5345, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to distributions made after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 2022].”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 311(span), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5347, provided that:

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 314(span), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5350, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to distributions made after December 31, 2023.”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 323(e), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5358, provided that:

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 326(span), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5359, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to distributions made after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 2022].”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 329(span), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5361, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to distributions made after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 2022].”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 330(span), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5361, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to distributions made after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 2022].”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 331(a)(3), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5363, provided that: “The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to distributions with respect to disasters the incident period (as defined in section 72(t)(11)(F)(ii) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by this subsection) for which begins on or after the date which is 30 days after the date of the enactment of the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020 [Dec. 27, 2020].”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 331(span)(3), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5365, provided that: “The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 402 of this title] shall apply to recontributions of withdrawals for home purchases with respect to disasters the incident period (as defined in section 72(t)(11)(F)(ii) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by this subsection) for which begins on or after the date which is 30 days after the date of the enactment of the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020 [Dec. 27, 2020].”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 331(c)(2), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5366, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to plan loans made with respect to disasters the incident period (as defined in section 72(t)(11)(F)(ii) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by this subsection) for which begins on or after the date which is 30 days after the date of the enactment of the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020 [Dec. 27, 2020].”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 332(c), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5368, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 408 of this title] shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2023.”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 333(span), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5368, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to any determination of, or affecting, liability for taxes, interest, or penalties which is made on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 2022], without regard to whether the act (or failure to act) upon which the determination is based occurred before such date of enactment. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, nothing in the amendments made by this section shall be construed to create an inference with respect to the law in effect prior to the effective date of such amendments.”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 334(e), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5372, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [enacting section 6050Z of this title and amending this section and sections 401, 403, 457, and 6724 of this title] shall apply to distributions made after the date which is 3 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 2022].”

Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title IV, § 401(c), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5388, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 401, 408, 408A, and 4973 of this title] shall take effect as if included in the section of the Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019 [div. O of Puspan. L. 116–94] to which the amendment relates.”

Puspan. L. 116–94, div. O, title I, § 108(span), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3149, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to loans made after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019].”

Puspan. L. 116–94, div. O, title I, § 113(span), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3156, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to distributions made after December 31, 2019.”

Puspan. L. 114–113, div. Q, title III, § 308(span), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3089, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to distributions after December 31, 2015.”

Puspan. L. 114–26, § 2(d), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 319, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to distributions after December 31, 2015.”

Amendment by Puspan. L. 113–295 effective Dec. 19, 2014, subject to a savings provision, see section 221(span) of Puspan. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Puspan. L. 111–240, title II, § 2113(span), Sept. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 2567, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to amounts received in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010.”

Puspan. L. 110–458, title I, § 112, Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5113, provided that: “Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle [subtitle A (§§ 101–112) of title I of Puspan. L. 110–458, see Tables for classification], the amendments made by this subtitle shall take effect as if included in the provisions of the 2006 Act [Puspan. L. 109–280] to which the amendments relate.”

Puspan. L. 110–245, title I, § 107(span), June 17, 2008, 122 Stat. 1631, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to individuals ordered or called to active duty on or after December 31, 2007.”

Puspan. L. 109–280, title VIII, § 827(c), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1001, provided that:

Puspan. L. 109–280, title VIII, § 828(span), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1001, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to distributions after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 17, 2006].”

Puspan. L. 109–280, title VIII, § 844(g), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1013, provided that:

Puspan. L. 108–357, title VIII, § 906(c), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1654, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 83 of this title] shall apply to distributions on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 2004].”

Amendment by section 207(6), (7) of Puspan. L. 108–311 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2004, see section 208 of Puspan. L. 108–311, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Amendment by Puspan. L. 107–90 applicable to calendar years beginning after Dec. 31, 2001, see section 204(f) of Puspan. L. 107–90, set out as a note under section 24 of this title.

Amendment by Puspan. L. 107–22 effective July 26, 2001, see section 1(c) of Puspan. L. 107–22, set out as a note under section 26 of this title.

Puspan. L. 107–16, title IV, § 402(h), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 63, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 135, 221, 529, 530, 4973, and 6693 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2001.”

Puspan. L. 107–16, title VI, § 632(a)(4), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 115, provided that: “The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and sections 402, 403, 404, 415, and 664 of this title] shall apply to years beginning after December 31, 2001.”

Amendment by section 641(a)(2)(C), (e)(1) of Puspan. L. 107–16 applicable to distributions after Dec. 31, 2001, see section 641(f)(1) of Puspan. L. 107–16, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Puspan. L. 105–206, title III, § 3436(span), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 761, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to distributions after December 31, 1999.”

Amendment by section 6023(3), (4) of Puspan. L. 105–206 effective July 22, 1998, see section 6023(32) of Puspan. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 34 of this title.

Amendment by sections 6004(d)(3)(B) and 6005(c)(1) of Puspan. L. 105–206 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Puspan. L. 105–34, to which such amendment relates, see section 6024 of Puspan. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Puspan. L. 105–34, title II, § 203(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 809, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to distributions after December 31, 1997, with respect to expenses paid after such date (in taxable years ending after such date), for education furnished in academic periods beginning after such date.”

Puspan. L. 105–34, title III, § 303(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 831, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to payments and distributions in taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997.”

Puspan. L. 105–34, title X, § 1075(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 949, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply with respect to annuity starting dates beginning after December 31, 1997.”

Puspan. L. 104–191, title III, § 361(d), Aug. 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 2072, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to distributions after December 31, 1996.”

Puspan. L. 104–188, title I, § 1403(span), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1791, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply in cases where the annuity starting date is after the 90th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 20, 1996].”

Puspan. L. 104–188, title I, § 1421(e), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1800, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section, sections 219, 280G, 402, 404, 408, 414, 416, 457, 3121, 3306, 3401, 4972, and 6693 of this title, sections 1021 and 1104 of Title 29, Labor, and section 409 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1996.”

Puspan. L. 104–188, title I, § 1463(span), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1824, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1996.”

Puspan. L. 104–188, title I, § 1704(l)(2), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1882, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by section 1122(c) of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 [Puspan. L. 99–514].”

Amendment by Puspan. L. 102–318 applicable to distributions after Dec. 31, 1992, see section 521(e) of Puspan. L. 102–318, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Amendment by Puspan. L. 101–239 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988, Puspan. L. 100–647, to which such amendment relates, see section 7817 of Puspan. L. 101–239, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Amendment by sections 1011A(span)(1)(A), (B), (2), (9), (c)(1)–(8), (h), (i), and 1018(k), (t)(1)(A), (B), and (u)(8) of Puspan. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Puspan. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Puspan. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Amendment by section 5012(a), (span)(1), (d) of Puspan. L. 100–647 applicable to contracts entered into on or after June 21, 1988, with special rule where death benefit increases by more than $150,000, certain other material changes taken into account, certain exchanges permitted, and special rule in the case of annuity contracts, see section 5012(e) of Puspan. L. 100–647, set out as an Effective Date note under section 7702A of this title.

Puspan. L. 99–514, title XI, § 1101(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2414, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 219 of this title] shall apply to contributions for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.”

Amendment by section 1122(c)(1) of Puspan. L. 99–514 applicable to individuals whose annuity starting date is after July 1, 1986, amendment by section 1122(c)(2) of Puspan. L. 99–514 applicable to individuals whose annuity starting date is after Dec. 31, 1986, and amendment by section 1122(c)(3) of Puspan. L. 99–514 applicable to amounts received after July 1, 1986, in the case of any plan not described in section 72(e)(8)(D) of this title, see section 1122(h)(2) of Puspan. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Puspan. L. 99–514, title XI, § 1123(e), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2475, as amended by Puspan. L. 100–647, title I, § 1011A(c)(11), (12), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3476, provided that:

Puspan. L. 99–514, title XI, § 1134(e), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2484, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to loans made, renewed, renegotiated, modified, or extended after December 31, 1986.”

Puspan. L. 99–514, title XI, § 1135(span), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2485, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to contributions to annuity contracts after February 28, 1986.”

Amendment by sections 1826(a), (d), 1852(a)(2), (c)(1)–(4), and 1854(span)(1) of Puspan. L. 99–514 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, Puspan. L. 98–369, div. A, to which such amendment relates, see section 1881 of Puspan. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 48 of this title.

Puspan. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1826(span)(4), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2850, provided that: “The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to contracts issued after the date which is 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1986] in taxable years ending after such date.”

Puspan. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1826(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2850, as amended by Puspan. L. 100–647, title I, § 1018(t)(1)(D), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3587, provided that the amendment made by section 1826(c) of Puspan. L. 99–514 is effective with respect to distributions commencing after the date 6 months after Oct. 22, 1986.

Puspan. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1854(span)(6), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2878, provided that: “The amendments made by paragraphs (1) and (2) [amending this section and section 404 of this title] shall not apply to dividends paid before January 1, 1986, if the taxpayer treated such dividends in a manner inconsistent with such amendments on a return filed with the Secretary before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1986].”

Puspan. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1898(c)(1)(C), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2951, provided that: “The amendments made by this paragraph [amending this section and section 402 of this title] shall apply to payments made after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1986].”

Amendment by Puspan. L. 98–397 effective Jan. 1, 1985, except as otherwise provided, see section 303(d) of Puspan. L. 98–397, set out as a note under section 1001 of Title 29, Labor.

Amendment by section 211(span)(1) of Puspan. L. 98–369 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1983, see section 215 of Puspan. L. 98–369, set out as an Effective Date note under section 801 of this title.

Puspan. L. 98–369, div. A, title II, § 222(c), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 774, as amended by Puspan. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided:

Amendment by section 421(span)(1) of Puspan. L. 98–369 applicable to transfers after July 18, 1984, in taxable years ending after such date, subject to election to have repeal apply to transfers after 1983 or to transfers pursuant to existing decrees, see section 421(d) of Puspan. L. 98–369, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1041 of this title.

Amendment by section 491(d)(3), (4) of Puspan. L. 98–369 applicable to obligations issued after Dec. 31, 1983, see section 491(f)(1) of Puspan. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 62 of this title.

Amendment by section 521(d) of Puspan. L. 98–369 applicable to years beginning after Dec. 31, 1984, see section 521(e) of Puspan. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Puspan. L. 98–369, div. A, title V, § 523(c), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 872, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to any amount received or loan made after the 90th day after the date of enactment of this Act [July 18, 1984].”

Amendment by section 713(span)(1), (4), (c)(1)(A), (B) of Puspan. L. 98–369 effective as if included in the provision of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, Puspan. L. 97–248, to which such amendment relates, see section 715 of Puspan. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

Puspan. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, § 713(d)(1), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 957, as amended by Puspan. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1875(c)(5), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2895, provided that the amendment made by section 713(d)(1) of Puspan. L. 98–369 is effective with respect to contributions made in taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1983.

Puspan. L. 98–76, title II, § 227(span), Aug. 12, 1983, 97 Stat. 426, as amended by Puspan. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

Puspan. L. 97–448, title I, § 103(c)(3)(B)(ii), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2376, provided that: “The amendment made by clause (i) [amending this section] shall take effect as if the matter struck out had never been included in such paragraph.”

Amendment by title I of Puspan. L. 97–448 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if it had been included in the provision of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, Puspan. L. 97–34, to which such amendment relates, see section 109 of Puspan. L. 97–448, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Puspan. L. 97–248, title II, § 236(c), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 510, as amended by Puspan. L. 97–448, title III, § 306(a)(11), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2404; Puspan. L. 98–369, div. A, title V, § 554, title VII, § 713(span)(2), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 897, 957; Puspan. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

Puspan. L. 97–248, title II, § 265(c), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 547, provided that:

Amendment by section 237(d) of Puspan. L. 97–248 applicable to years beginning after Dec. 31, 1983, see section 241 of Puspan. L. 97–248, set out as an Effective Date note under section 416 of this title.

Puspan. L. 97–34, title III, § 312(f), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 285, as amended by Puspan. L. 97–448, title I, § 103(d)(3), 96 Stat. 2378, provided that:

Amendment by section 1901(a)(12), (13) of Puspan. L. 94–455 applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Puspan. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Puspan. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1951(d), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1841, provided that: “Except as otherwise expressly provided, the amendments made by this section [see Tables for classification of section 1951 of Puspan. L. 94–455] shall apply with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1976.”

Amendment by section 2001(e)(5) of Puspan. L. 93–406 applicable to contributions made in taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1975, see section 2001(i)(4) of Puspan. L. 93–406, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Puspan. L. 93–406, title II, § 2001(i)(5), (6), Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 958, provided that:

Amendment by section 2002(g)(10) of Puspan. L. 93–406 effective on Jan. 1, 1975, see section 2002(i)(2) of Puspan. L. 93–406, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4973 of this title.

Amendment by section 2005(c)(3) of Puspan. L. 93–406, applicable only with respect to distributions or payments made after Dec. 31, 1973, in taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1973, see section 2005(d) of Puspan. L. 93–406, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Amendment by section 2007(span)(2) of Puspan. L. 93–406 applicable to taxable years ending on or after Sept. 21, 1972, see section 2007(c) of Puspan. L. 93–406, set out as a note under section 122 of this title.

Amendment by Puspan. L. 91–172 applicable to taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1969, see section 515(d) of Puspan. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Amendment by Puspan. L. 89–365 applicable with respect to taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1965, see section 1(d) of Puspan. L. 89–365, set out as an Effective Date note under section 122 of this title.

Amendment by Puspan. L. 89–97 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1966, see section 106(e) of Puspan. L. 89–97, set out as a note under section 213 of this title.

Amendment by Puspan. L. 89–44 applicable to taxable years beginning on or after July 1, 1965, see section 809(f) of Puspan. L. 89–44, set out as a note under section 6420 of this title.

Amendment by Puspan. L. 88–272 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1963, see section 232(g) of Puspan. L. 88–272, set out as a note under section 5 of this title.

Puspan. L. 87–834, § 11(c)(2), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 1006, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (span) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 1962.”

Amendment by Puspan. L. 87–792 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1962, see section 8 of Puspan. L. 87–792, set out as a note under section 22 of this title.

For provisions that nothing in amendment by Puspan. L. 101–508 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Nov. 5, 1990, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 11821(span) of Puspan. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 45K of this title.

Puspan. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1951(span)(1)(B), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1836, provided that: “Notwithstanding subparagraph (A) [repealing subsec. (i) of this section], if the provisions of section 72(i) applied to amounts received in taxable years beginning before January 1, 1977, under an annuity contract, then amounts received under such contract on or after such date shall be treated as if such provisions were not repealed.”

Puspan. L. 116–136, div. A, title II, § 2202, Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 340, as amended by Puspan. L. 116–260, div. N, title II, § 280(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1982; Puspan. L. 117–328, div. T, title V, § 501(c)(2)(A), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5389, provided that:

[Puspan. L. 116–260, div. N, title II, § 280(span), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1982, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending section 2202 of Puspan. L. 116–136, set out above] shall apply as if included in the enactment of section 2202 of the CARES Act [Puspan. L. 116–136, approved Mar. 27, 2020].”]

Puspan. L. 100–647, title I, § 1011A(c)(13), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3476, provided that: “Section 72(t) of the 1986 Code shall apply to any distribution without regard to whether such distribution is made without the consent of the participant pursuant to section 411(a)(11) or section 417(e) of the 1986 Code.”

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle D [§§ 1401–1465] of title I of Puspan. L. 104–188 require an amendment to any plan or annuity contract, such amendment shall not be required to be made before the first day of the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1998, see section 1465 of Puspan. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle B [§§ 521–523] of title V of Puspan. L. 102–318 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1994, see section 523 of Puspan. L. 102–318, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§ 1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§ 1800–1899A] of Puspan. L. 99–514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Puspan. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Puspan. L. 110–458, title I, § 100, Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5093, provided that: “For purposes of this title [see Tables for classification]: