Provisions similar to this section were contained in section 1135a–11 of this title, prior to repeal by Puspan. L. 105–244.

A prior section 1138c, Puspan. L. 89–329, title XI, § 1144, as added Puspan. L. 102–325, title XI, § 1101, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 789; amended Puspan. L. 103–382, title III, § 391(e)(10), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023, related to applications for grants, prior to repeal by Puspan. L. 105–244, § 3, title VII, § 702, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1585, 1803, effective Oct. 1, 1998.

A prior section 744 of Puspan. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132c–3 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Puspan. L. 96–374.

2009—Subsec. (c)(6)(C). Puspan. L. 111–39 inserted “of the National Academies” after “Institute of Medicine”.

2008—Subsec. (a). Puspan. L. 110–315, § 707(h)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Director” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c). Puspan. L. 110–315, § 707(f), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Areas of national need shall initially include, but shall not be limited to, the following:

“(1) Institutional restructuring to improve learning and promote productivity, efficiency, quality improvement, and cost and price control.

“(2) Articulation between 2- and 4-year institutions of higher education, including developing innovative methods for ensuring the successful transfer of students from 2- to 4-year institutions of higher education.

“(3) Evaluation and dissemination of model programs.

“(4) International cooperation and student exchange among postsecondary educational institutions.”

Amendment by Puspan. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Puspan. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Puspan. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.