18 USC 951 - Agents of foreign governments

1 See References in Text note below.

of the Export Administration Act of 1979, except that the provisions of this subsection shall not apply to a person described in this clause for a period of more than five years beginning on the date of the conviction or the date of entry of the plea of nolo contendere, as the case may be.

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on section 601 of title 22, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Foreign Relations and Intercourse (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title VIII, § 3, 40 Stat. 226; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, § 6, 54 Stat. 80).

Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative.

Minor changes in phraseology were made.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 11 of the Export Administration Act of 1979, referred to in subsec. (e)(2)(B), was classified to section 4610 of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to repeal by Puspan. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, § 1766(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2232. Provisions relating to penalties are covered generally in section 4819 of Title 50, as enacted by Puspan. L. 115–232.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a). Puspan. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $75,000”.

1993—Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Puspan. L. 103–199 substituted “Cuba or any other country that the President determines (and so reports to the Congress) poses a threat to the national security interest of the United States for purposes of this section” for “the Soviet Union, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, or Cuba”.

1986—Subsec. (e). Puspan. L. 99–569 added subsec. (e).

1984—Puspan. L. 98–473 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted “Attorney General if required in subsection (span)” for “Secretary of State”, and added subsecs. (span) to (d).

1983—Puspan. L. 97–462 increased limitation on fines to $75,000 from $5,000.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by Puspan. L. 97–462 effective 45 days after Jan. 12, 1983, see section 4 of Puspan. L. 97–462, set out as a note under section 2071 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.