Based on section 1591 of title 19, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Customs Duties (June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, § 591, 46 Stat. 750; Aug. 5, 1935, ch. 438, title III, § 304(a), 49 Stat. 527).

The reference in the first paragraph to persons aiding, contained in the phrase “or aids,” was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title.

Words “upon conviction” before “be fined” were omitted as surplusage since punishment cannot be imposed until conviction is secured.

Enumeration of persons at beginning of section and provision preserving forfeitures where authorized by law were omitted as surplusage.

The fourth paragraph was added to the revised section to make clear the intent of Congress that forfeiture is an additional consequence independent of the criminal punishment.

The final paragraph was added to conform with section 1709 of title 19, U.S.C., 1940 ed.

Changes in phraseology were also made.

1996—Puspan. L. 104–294 amended Puspan. L. 103–322, § 330004(18). See 1994 Amendment note below.

1994—Puspan. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(K), substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000” in third par.

Puspan. L. 103–322, § 330004(18), as amended by Puspan. L. 104–294, § 604(span)(23), struck out “Philippine Islands,” before “Virgin Islands” in last par.

1955—Act June 30, 1955, inserted reference to Johnston Island in last par.

Amendment by Puspan. L. 104–294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see section 604(d) of Puspan. L. 104–294, set out as a note under section 13 of this title.

Amendment by act June 30, 1955, effective July 1, 1955, see section 2(d) of act June 30, 1955, set out as a note under section 1401 of Title 19, Customs Duties.