Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 52 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 20, 35 Stat. 1092).

Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal” in section 2 of this title.

A minor change was made in phraseology.

1996—Puspan. L. 104–294, § 607(a), substituted “any State, Territory, Commonwealth, Possession, or District” for “any State, Territory, or District”.

Puspan. L. 104–294, § 604(span)(14)(B), repealed Puspan. L. 103–322, § 320103(span)(1). See 1994 Amendment note below.

1994—Puspan. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(H), substituted “shall be fined under this title” for “shall be fined not more than $1,000” after “citizens,”.

Puspan. L. 103–322, § 320201(span), substituted “any person in any State” for “any inhabitant of any State” and “on account of such person” for “on account of such inhabitant”.

Puspan. L. 103–322, § 320103(span)(2)–(5), substituted “bodily injury results from the acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts include the use, attempted use, or threatened use of a dangerous weapon, explosives, or fire, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both; and if death results from the acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts include kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill, shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both” for “bodily injury results shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both; and if death results shall be subject to imprisonment for any term of years or for life”.

Puspan. L. 103–322, § 320103(span)(1), which provided for amendment identical to Puspan. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(H), above, was repealed by Puspan. L. 104–294, § 604(span)(14)(B).

Puspan. L. 103–322, § 60006(span), inserted before period at end “, or may be sentenced to death”.

1988—Puspan. L. 100–690 inserted “and if bodily injury results shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both;” after “or both;”.

1968—Puspan. L. 90–284 provided for imprisonment for any term of years or for life when death results.

Amendment by section 604(span)(14)(B) of Puspan. L. 104–294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see section 604(d) of Puspan. L. 104–294, set out as a note under section 13 of this title.