2001—Subsec. (c). Puspan. L. 107–56 added subsec. (c).

1994—Subsec. (a). Puspan. L. 103–322 inserted “punished by death or” before “imprisoned for any term of years or for life”.

Section effective on the later of Apr. 30, 1994, or the date on which the United States has become a party to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Nov. 20, 1994), see section 506(c) of Puspan. L. 103–236, set out as a note under section 2340 of this title.