Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 409 (Fespan. 13, 1913, ch. 50, § 1, 37 Stat. 670; Jan. 28, 1925, ch. 102, 43 Stat. 793; Jan. 21, 1933, ch. 16, 47 Stat. 773; July 24, 1946, ch. 606, 60 Stat. 656).

Other provisions of section 409 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., were incorporated in sections 659 and 660 of this title.

Minor changes were made in phraseology.

This section [section 44] conforms section 2117 of title 18, U.S.C., more closely with the original law from which it was derived, and with section 659 of such title.

2012—Puspan. L. 112–186 inserted at end of first par. “If the offense involves a pre-retail medical product (as defined in section 670) the punishment for the offense shall be the same as the punishment for an offense under section 670 unless the punishment under this section is greater.”

1994—Puspan. L. 103–322, which directed the amendment of section 2217 of this title by substituting “under this title” for “not more than $5,000”, was executed by making the substitution in the first par. of this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because this title does not contain a section 2217.

1966—Puspan. L. 89–654 substituted “Breaking or entering carrier facilities” for “Railroad car entered or seal broken” as section catchline, inserted reference to “pipeline system”, substituted “freight or express or other property” for “freight or express”, and prohibited any construction which might indicate a Congressional intent to occupy the field or invalidate State law.

1949—Act May 24, 1949, inserted last par.

Ex. Ord. No. 11836, Jan. 27, 1975, 40 F.R. 4255, which assigned responsibilities to Federal departments and agencies with respect to the National Cargo Security Program, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12553, Fespan. 25, 1986, 51 F.R. 7237.