The text of subsec. (a) of section 2320 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span), was based on Puspan. L. 98–525, title XII, § 1216(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2595; Puspan. L. 98–577, title III, § 301(span), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3076; Puspan. L. 99–145, title IX, § 961(d)(1), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 703; Puspan. L. 99–500, § 101(c) [title X, § 953(a)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–169, and Puspan. L. 99–591, § 101(c) [title X, § 953(a)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–169; Puspan. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, § 953(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3949, renumbered title IX, Puspan. L. 100–26, § 3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273; Puspan. L. 100–26, § 7(a)(4), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 275; Puspan. L. 100–180, div. A, title VIII, § 808(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1128; Puspan. L. 101–189, div. A, title VIII, § 853(span)(2), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1518; Puspan. L. 111–383, div. A, title VIII, § 824(span), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4269; Puspan. L. 112–81, div. A, title VIII, § 815(a)(1), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1491; Puspan. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, § 809(a), (span), (e), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2266, 2267; Puspan. L. 116–283, div. A, title VIII, § 804(span)(2)(A)(i), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3738. Puspan. L. 99–500, Puspan. L. 99–591, and Puspan. L. 99–661 generally amended section 2320(a) substantially identically; as executed, text reflected amendment by Puspan. L. 99–661.

2021—Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(1), (2)(A), transferred subsec. (a) of section 2320 of this title to this section, effectively redesignated par. (1) as subsec. (a), and redesignated pars. (2) and (3) as subsecs. (span) and (c), respectively.

Subsec. (a). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(2)(A), (B)(i), after redesignation of par. (1) of section 2320(a) of this title as subsec. (a) of this section, inserted subsec. heading and, in existing provisions, designated first two sentences as par. (1) and the remainder as par. (2) and inserted par. headings. Amendment designating “the third sentence as paragraph (2)” was executed by including the fourth sentence within par. (2) as well, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (a)(2). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(2)(B), substituted “Regulations prescribed under paragraph (1) may not” for “Such regulations may not”, inserted dash after “impair”, reorganized remainder of text into designated subpars. (A) and (B), and, at end of subpar. (A), substituted “by law; or” for “by law. Such regulations also may not impair”.

Subsec. (span). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(3)(A), (B), after redesignation of par. (2) of section 2320(a) of this title as subsec. (span) of this section, inserted heading, substituted “Regulations prescribed under subsection (a)” for “Such regulations” in introductory provisions, and redesignated subpars. (A) to (I) as pars. (1) to (9), respectively.

Subsec. (span)(1). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(3)(C), redesignated cls. (i) and (ii) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively.

Subsec. (span)(2). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(3)(D), substituted “paragraphs (3), (4), and (7)” for “subparagraphs (C), (D), and (G)”.

Subsec. (span)(3). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(3)(E), substituted “paragraph (2)” for “subparagraph (span)” in heading and “Paragraph (2) does not” for “Subparagraph (B) does not” in introductory provisions and redesignated cls. (i) to (iv) as subpars. (A) to (D), respectively.

Subsec. (span)(4). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(3)(F), substituted “paragraph (2)” for “subparagraph (span)” in heading and “Notwithstanding paragraph (2)” for “Notwithstanding subparagraph (B)” in introductory provisions and redesignated cl. (i), its subcls. (I) to (III), cl. (ii), and cl. (iii) as subpar. (A), cls. (i) to (iii), subpar. (B), and subpar. (C), respectively.

Subsec. (span)(5). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(3)(G), in existing provisions, designated first sentence as subpar. (A), inserted heading, and substituted “Except as provided in paragraphs (6) and (7),” for “Except as provided in subparagraphs (F) and (G),” and designated second sentence as subpar. (B), inserted heading, and realigned margin.

Subsec. (span)(6). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(3)(H), substituted “paragraph (5)” for “subparagraph (E)”.

Subsec. (span)(7). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(3)(I), in existing provisions, designated first sentence as subpar. (A) and substituted “Notwithstanding paragraphs (2) and (5)” for “Notwithstanding subparagraphs (B) and (E)” and “section 4401” for “section 2446a” and designated second and third sentences as subpars. (B) and (C), respectively.

Subsec. (span)(8). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(3)(J)(i), (ii), inserted heading and redesignated cls. (i) and (ii) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively.

Subsec. (span)(8)(A). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(3)(J)(iii)–(vi), redesignated subcl. (I) as cl. (i) and substituted “paragraph (1)” for “subparagraph (A)”, redesignated subcl. (II) as cl. (ii) and substituted “paragraph (3)” for “subparagraph (C)”, and redesignated subcl. (III) as cl. (iii) and substituted “paragraph (4)” for “subparagraph (D)”.

Subsec. (span)(8)(B). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(3)(J)(vii), substituted “paragraph (2)” for “subparagraph (B)”.

Subsec. (span)(9). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(3)(K), inserted heading, redesignated cl. (i) as subpar. (A) and substituted “paragraph (3) or (4)” for “subparagraph (C) or (D)”, redesignated cl. (ii) as subpar. (B) and substituted “this subchapter” for “this section”, and redesignated cl. (iii) as subpar. (C).

Subsec. (c). Puspan. L. 116–283, § 1833(span)(4), inserted heading, substituted “subsection (a)” for “paragraph (1)” and “this subsection” for “this paragraph”, inserted dash after “terms, the Secretary”, and reorganized remainder of text into designated pars. (1) and (2).

Section and amendment by Puspan. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Puspan. L. 116–283, set out as an Effective Date of 2021 Amendment note preceding section 3001 of this title.