(a) The Governor of a State (or a designee) may submit a petition to the Administrator:

(1) To issue an emergency order under CWA section 312(p)(4)(E); or

(2) To review any standard of performance, regulation, or policy promulgated by the Administrator under CWA section 312(p)(4) or (6), if there exists new information that could reasonably result in a change to:

(i) The standard of performance, regulation, or policy; or

(ii) A determination on which the standard of performance, regulation, or policy was based.

(b) A petition under paragraph (a) of this section shall be signed by the Governor (or a designee) and must include:

(1) The purpose of the petition (request for emergency order or a review of a standard, regulation, or policy);

(2) Any applicable scientific or technical information that forms the basis of the petition;

(3) The direct and indirect benefits if the requested petition were to be granted by the Administrator; and

(4) For a petition under paragraph (a)(2) of this section, the costs to the affected classes, types, and/or sizes of vessels if the requested petition were to be granted by the Administrator.

(c) The Administrator shall grant or deny:

(1) A petition under paragraph (a)(1) of this section by not later than the date that is 180 days after the date on which the petition is submitted; and

(2) A petition under paragraph (a)(2) of this section by not later than the date that is one year after the date on which the petition is submitted.

(d) If the Administrator determines to grant a petition:

(1) In the case of a petition under paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the Administrator shall immediately issue the relevant emergency order under CWA section 312(p)(4)(E); or

(2) In the case of a petition under paragraph (a)(2) of this section, the Administrator shall sign a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for publication in the Federal Register to revise the relevant standard, requirement, regulation, or policy under CWA section 312(p)(4) or (6), as applicable, as soon as possible and not later than 30 days after the date of the determination.

(e) If the Administrator determines to deny a petition, the Administrator shall sign a notice of the determination for publication in the Federal Register that includes a detailed explanation of the scientific, technical, or operational factors that form the basis of the determination, as soon as possible and not later than 30 days after the date of the determination.