Note:

This Appendix is a representation of the final reporting form, which will be submitted in an electronic format pursuant to the rules in part 18, either via the Commission's web portal or via XML-based, secure FTP transmission.

General Instructions

Who Must File a Form 40—17 CFR 18.04(a) requires every person who owns or controls a reportable position to file a Form 40—Statement of Reporting Trader with the Commission. 17 CFR 18.04(b) requires every volume threshold account controller, person who owns a volume threshold account, reportable sub-account controller, and person who owns a reportable sub-account to file a Form 40—Statement of Reporting Trader with the Commission. 17 CFR 20.5 requires every person subject to books or records under 17 CFR 20.6 to file a 40S filing 3 with the Commission.

3 As used in this document, “Form 40” may refer to either a Form 40—Statement of Reporting Trader or a 40S Filing, as appropriate, and as the context may require.

When to file—A reporting trader must file a Form 40 on call by the Commission or its designee.

Where to file—The Form 40 should be submitted (a) via the CFTC's web-based Form 40 submission process at www.cftc.gov, (b) via a secure FTP data feed to the Commission, or (c) as otherwise instructed by the Commission or its designee. If electronic submission attempts fail, the reporting trader shall contact the Commission at [email protected] for further technical support.

When to update—A reporting trader required to complete a Form 40 will be under a continuing obligation, per direction in the special call, to update and maintain the accuracy of the information it provides. Reporting traders can update this information by either visiting the CFTC's web-based Form 40 portal to review, verify, and/or update their information, or by submitting updated information via FTP.

Signature—Each Form 40 submitted to the Commission must be signed or otherwise authenticated by either (1) the reporting trader submitting the form or (2) an individual that is duly authorized by the reporting trader to provide the information and representations contained in the form.

What to File—All reporting traders that are filing a Form 40 pursuant to either 17 CFR 18.04(a) (i.e. reportable position reporting traders) or 17 CFR 20.5 (i.e. swaps books and records reporting traders) must complete all questions. All reporting traders that are filing a Form 40 pursuant to 17 CFR 18.04(b) (i.e. volume threshold account controllers, persons who own a volume threshold account, reportable sub-account controllers, and persons who own a reportable sub-account reporting trader) must complete all questions unless they are natural persons. Reporting traders that are filing a Form 40 pursuant to 17 CFR 18.04(b) who are natural persons shall mark not applicable for questions 7 and 8.

Please be advised that pursuant to 5 CFR 1320.5(b)(2)(i), you are not required to respond to this collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number.

Table of Contents 1. General information for Reporting Trader 2. Contact Information for Individual Responsible for Trading Activities 3. Contact Information for Individual Responsible for Risk Management Operations 4. Contact information for Individual Responsible for Information on the Form 40 5. Omnibus Account Identification 6. Foreign Government Affiliation 7. Non-Domestic Entity Indicator 8. Ownership Structure (Parent/Parents) 9. Ownership Structure (Subsidiary/Subsidiaries) 10. Control of Reporting Trader's Trading Activities by Others 11. Control of Other's Trading Activities by Reporting Trader 12. Other Parties Influencing Trading of Reporting Trader 13. Trading Subject to Express or Implied Agreement 14. Commodity Index Trading Indicator 15. Swap Dealer Identification 16. Major Swap Participant Identification 17. Business Sectors, Subsectors and Occupation 18. Commodities Being Traded in Derivative Markets 19. Business Purpose for Trading in Derivative Markets 20. Signature/Authentication, Name, and Date Acknowledgement of Definitions

Before proceeding with your submission, please check this box to indicate that you have read the definitions for the following terms—as they are used in the Form 40:

Commodity (or commodities)—generally, all goods and articles (except onions and motion picture box office receipts, or any index, measure, value, or data related to such receipts), and all services, rights, and interests (except motion picture box office receipts, or any index, measure, value, or data related to such receipts) in which contracts for future delivery are presently or in the future dealt in (see 7 U.S.C. 1a(9)).

Commodity Index Trading (“CIT”)—means:

a. An investment strategy that consists of investing in an instrument (e.g., a commodity index fund, exchange-traded fund for commodities, or exchange-traded note for commodities) that enters into one or more derivative contracts to track the performance of a published index that is based on the price of one or more commodities, or commodities in combination with other securities; or

b. An investment strategy that consists of entering into one or more derivative contracts to track the performance of a published index that is based on the price of one or more commodities, or commodities in combination with other securities.

Control—as used in this Form, “control” means to actually direct, by power of attorney or otherwise, the trading of a special account or a consolidated account. A special account or a consolidated account may have more than one controller.

Derivatives—futures, options on futures, and swaps.

Omnibus volume threshold account—means any trading account that, on an omnibus basis, carries reportable trading volume on or subject to the rules of a reporting market that is a board of trade designated as a contract market under section 5 of the Act or a swap execution facility registered under section 5h of the Act.

Parent—for purposes of Form 40, a person is a parent of a reporting trader if it has a direct or indirect controlling interest in the reporting trader; and a person has a controlling interest if such person has the ability to control the reporting trader through the ownership of voting equity, by contract, or otherwise.

Person—an individual, association, partnership, corporation, trust, or government agency and/or department.

Reportable sub-account—means any trading sub-account of an omnibus volume threshold account or omnibus reportable sub-account, which sub-account executes reportable trading volume.

Reportable sub-account controller—means a natural person who by power of attorney or otherwise actually directs the trading of a reportable sub-account. A reportable sub-account may have more than one controller.

Reportable trading volume—means contract trading volume that meets or exceeds the level specified in 17 CFR 15.04.

Reporting trader—a person who must file a Form 40, whether pursuant to 17 CFR 18.04(a), 17 CFR 18.04(b), or 17 CFR 20.05.

Subsidiary—for purposes of Form 40, a person is a subsidiary of a reporting trader if the reporting trader has a direct or indirect controlling interest in the person; and a reporting trader has a controlling interest if such reporting trader has the ability to control the person through the ownership of voting equity, by contract, or otherwise.

Volume threshold account—means any trading account that carries reportable trading volume on or subject to the rules of a reporting market that is a board of trade designated as a contract market under section 5 of the Act or a swap execution facility registered under section 5h of the Act.

Volume threshold account controller—means a natural person who by power of attorney or otherwise actually directs the trading of a volume threshold account. A volume threshold account may have more than one controller.

CFTC Form 40 General Information for Reporting Trader:

For question 1, please provide the name, contact information and other requested information regarding the reporting trader. If the reporting trader is an individual, provide their full legal name and the name of the reporting trader's employer.

1. Indicate whether the reporting trader is a legal entity or a natural person:

Legal entity: Natural person: Name of Reporting Trader Street Address City State Country Zip/Postal Code Phone Number 4

4 Please provide a direct number, without any telephone extension. Non-U.S. respondents should also provide the applicable international area code.

Email Address Web site NFA ID (if any) Legal Entity Identifier (if any) Name of Employer Employer NFA ID (if any) Employer Legal Entity Identifier (if any) Contact Information

For questions 2, 3, and 4, provide the name and contact information as requested.

2. Individual to contact regarding the derivatives trading of the reporting trader (this individual should be able to answer specific questions about the reporting trader's trading activity when contacted by Commission staff):

Check here if this individual has the same contact information as that of the reporting trader.

Name Street Address City State Country Zip/Postal Code Phone Number 5

5 Please provide a direct number, without any telephone extension. Non-U.S. respondents should also provide the applicable international area code.

Email Address NFA ID (if any)

3. Individual to contact regarding the risk management operations of the reporting trader (this individual should be able to answer specific questions about the reporting trader's risk management operations, including account margining, when contacted by Commission staff):

Check here if this individual has the same contact information as that of the reporting trader.

Name Street Address City State Country Zip/Postal Code Phone Number 6

6 Please provide a direct number, without any telephone extension. Non-U.S. respondents should also provide the applicable international area code.

Email Address NFA ID (if any)

4. Individual responsible for the information on the Form 40 (this individual should be able to verify, clarify, and explain the answers submitted by a reporting trader on the Form 40):

Check here if this individual has the same contact information as that of the reporting trader.

Name Street Address City State Country Zip/Postal Code Phone Number 7

7 Please provide a direct number, without any telephone extension. Non-U.S. respondents should also provide the applicable international area code.

Email Address NFA ID (if any) Omnibus Account Identification

For question 5, indicate whether the reporting trader has a customer omnibus account with a futures commission merchant, clearing member, or foreign broker (span: For the purpose of this question, an omnibus account is an account that one futures commission merchant, clearing member or foreign broker carries for another in which the transactions of multiple individual accounts are combined. The identities of the holders of the individual accounts are not generally known or disclosed to the carrying firm. In addition, the Commission has traditionally identified omnibus accounts as either house or customer omnibus accounts. House omnibus accounts exclusively contain the proprietary accounts of the omnibus account originator. Customer omnibus accounts contain the accounts of customers of the omnibus account originator. It is the obligation of the omnibus account originator to correctly identify the omnibus account type to the reporting entity):

5. Does the reporting trader have a customer omnibus account with a futures commission merchant, clearing member, or foreign broker? YES/NO

IF YES, Give the name(s) of the futures commission merchant, clearing member, or foreign broker carrying the account(s) of the reporting trader.

Foreign Government Affiliation

For question 6, please complete the following (span: For the purpose of this question, affiliation can include, but is not limited to, a situation (1) where the foreign government directly or indirectly controls the reporting trader's assets, operations, and/or derivatives trading, or (2) where the reporting trader operates as a direct or indirect subsidiary of a foreign government, its agencies or departments, or any investment program of the foreign government):

6. Is the reporting trader directly or indirectly affiliated with a government other than that of the United States? YES/NO

IF YES, give the name of the government(s).

IF YES, explain the nature of the affiliation between the reporting trader and the government(s) listed above.

Non-Domestic Entity Indicator

For question 7, if the Reporting Trader is a legal entity, please complete the following.

7. Is the reporting trader organized under the laws of a country other than the United States? YES/NO

IF YES, give the name of the country or countries under whose laws the reporting trader is organized.

Ownership Structure of the Reporting Trader

For questions 8 and 9, provide the requested ownership information only as applicable.

If the Reporting Trader is a commodity pool, also provide the requested information in questions 8i, 8ii, and 8iii. If the Reporting Trader is reporting commodity pools in which it has an ownership interest, also provide the requested information in questions 9i, 9ii, and 9iii.

8. List all the parents of the reporting trader (including the immediate parent and any parent(s) of its parent) and, separately, all persons that have a 10 percent or greater ownership interest in the reporting trader (commodity pool investors are deemed to have an ownership interest in the pool). For each such parent or 10 percent or greater owner include the following information:

Indicate whether the party identified below is a legal entity or a natural person:

Legal entity: Natural person: Name Street Address City State Country Zip/Postal Code Phone Number 8

8 Please provide a direct number, without any telephone extension. Non-U.S. respondents should also provide the applicable international area code.

Web site 9

9 The Web site and NFA ID requested in this question are only required to be reported to the extent the respondent has this information available in its records. Respondents are not required to poll customers or other parties for the Web site and NFA ID if this information has not been previously collected.

Email Address NFA ID (if any) Legal Entity Identifier (if any) Parent Company/10% Owner/or Both Indicator

8i. For each person identified in question 8 that is a limited partner, shareholder, or other similar type of pool participant, indicate if they are a principal or affiliate of the operator of the commodity pool.

Principal/Affiliate Indicator

8ii. For each person identified in question 8 that is a limited partner, shareholder, or other similar type of pool participant, indicate if they are also a commodity pool operator of the pool.

Commodity Pool Operator Indicator

8iii. For each person identified in question 8 that is a limited partner, shareholder, or other similar type of pool participant and where the operator of the commodity pool is exempt from registration under § 4.13 of the Commission's regulations, indicate if that person has an ownership or equity interest of 25 percent or greater in the commodity pool.

25% Ownership Indicator

9. List all the subsidiaries of the reporting trader (including the immediate subsidiary and any subsidiaries of those subsidiaries) and, separately, all persons in which the reporting trader has a 10 percent or greater ownership interest (including a 10 percent or greater interest in a commodity pool(s)). Only list subsidiaries and persons that engage in derivatives trading. For each such subsidiary and/or person include the following information:

Indicate whether the party identified below is a legal entity or a natural person:

Legal entity: Natural person: Name Street Address City State Country Zip/Postal Code Phone Number 10

10 Please provide a direct number, without any telephone extension. Non-U.S. respondents should also provide the applicable international area code.

Web site 11

11 The Web site and NFA ID requested in this question are only required to be reported to the extent the respondent has this information available in its records. Respondents are not required to poll customers or other parties for the Web site and NFA ID if this information has not been previously collected.

Email Address NFA ID (if any) Legal Entity Identifier (if any) Subsidiary/10% Ownership/or Both Indicator

9i. For each person identified in question 9 that is a commodity pool and for which you are a limited partner, shareholder or other similar type of pool participant, indicate if you are a principal or affiliate of the operator of the commodity pool.

Principal/Affiliate Indicator

9ii. For each person identified in question 9 that is a commodity pool and for which you are a limited partner, shareholder or other similar type of pool participant, indicate if you are the commodity pool operator for the pool.

Commodity Pool Operator Indicator

9iii. For each person identified in question 9 that is a commodity pool and for which you are a limited partner, shareholder or other similar type of pool participant and for which the operator of the commodity pool is exempt from registration under § 4.13 of the Commission's regulations, indicate if you have an ownership or equity interest of 25 percent or greater in the commodity pool.

25% Ownership Indicator Control of Trading

For questions 10, 11, 12, and 13 provide the requested control information only as applicable.

10. List all persons outside of the reporting trader that control some or all of the derivatives trading of the reporting trader (including persons that may have been previously identified as a parent, above):

Indicate whether the party identified below is a legal entity or a natural person:

Legal entity: Natural person: Name Street Address City State Country Zip/Postal Code Phone Number 12

12 Please provide a direct number, without any telephone extension. Non-U.S. respondents should also provide the applicable international area code.

Web site 13

13 The Web site and NFA ID requested in this question are only required to be reported to the extent the respondent has this information available in its records. Respondents are not required to poll customers or other parties for the Web site and NFA ID if this information has not been previously collected.

Email Address NFA ID (if any) Legal Entity Identifier (if any) Some/All Indicator

11. List all persons for which the reporting trader controls some or all of the derivatives trading (including persons that may have been previously identified as a subsidiary, above):

Indicate whether the party identified below is a legal entity or a natural person:

Legal entity: Natural person: Name Street Address City State Country Zip/Postal Code Phone Number 14

14 Please provide a direct number, without any telephone extension. Non-U.S. respondents should also provide the applicable international area code.

Web site 15

15 The Web site and NFA ID requested in this question are only required to be reported to the extent the respondent has this information available in its records. Respondents are not required to poll customers or other parties for the Web site and NFA ID if this information has not been previously collected.

Email Address NFA ID (if any) Legal Entity Identifier (if any) Some/All Indicator

12. List any other person(s) that directly or indirectly influence, or exercise authority over, some or all of the trading of the reporting trader, but who do not exercise “control” as defined in this Form: Indicate whether the party identified below is a legal entity or a natural person:

Legal entity: Natural person: Name Street Address City State Country Zip/Postal Code Phone Number 16

16 Please provide a direct number, without any telephone extension. Non-U.S. respondents should also provide the applicable international area code.

Web site 17

17 The Web site and NFA ID requested in this question are only required to be reported to the extent the respondent has this information available in its records. Respondents are not required to poll customers or other parties for the Web site and NFA ID if this information has not been previously collected.

Email Address NFA ID (if any) Legal Entity Identifier (if any) Some/All Indicator

13. Is some or all of the derivatives trading of the reporting trader subject to an express or implied agreement or understanding with any other person(s) not addressed in questions 10, 11, or 12, above? YES/NO

If yes, provide the following information:

Indicate whether the party identified below is a legal entity or a natural person:

Legal entity: Natural person: Name Street Address City State Country Zip/Postal Code Phone Number 18

18 Please provide a direct number, without any telephone extension. Non-U.S. respondents should also provide the applicable international area code.

Web site 19

19 The Web site and NFA ID requested in this question are only required to be reported to the extent the respondent has this information available in its records. Respondents are not required to poll customers or other parties for the Web site and NFA ID if this information has not been previously collected.

Email Address NFA ID (if any) Legal Entity Identifier (if any) Some/All Indicator Commodity Index Trading Indicator

For question 14, please answer the following:

14i. Is the reporting trader engaged in commodity index trading as defined in paragraph (a) of the definition of CIT above? YES/NO

14ii. Is the reporting trader engaged in commodity index trading as defined in paragraph (b) of the definition of CIT above? YES/NO

a. If the reporting trader is engaged in CIT (as defined in paragraph (b)) with respect to one or more commodities or commodity groups appearing on Supplemental List II, indicate whether the reporting trader is, in the aggregate, pursuing long exposure or short exposure with respect to such commodities or commodity groups. It is not necessary to respond to this question with respect to CIT that tracks the performance of multiple unrelated commodities or commodity groups (e.g., an investment in an exchange-traded fund that tracks the performance of an index representing commodities spanning multiple commodity groups).

14iii. If the reporting trader is currently engaged in commodity index trading as defined in paragraphs (a) or (b) of the CIT definition above, indicate the month and year on which the reporting trader first became engaged in commodity index trading.

Swaps Participation Indicators

For questions 15 and 16, please indicate if the reporting trader meets the specified definition:

15. Is the reporting trader a Swap Dealer, as defined in § 1.3 of regulations under the Commodity Exchange Act? YES/NO

16. Is the reporting trader a Major Swap Participant, as defined in § 1.3 of regulations under the Commodity Exchange Act? YES/NO

Nature of Business and of Derivatives Trading Activities

For questions 17, 18, and 19 provide the requested information only as applicable.

17. Select all business sectors and subsectors that pertain to the business activities or occupation of the reporting trader. If more than one business subsector is selected, indicate which business subsector primarily describes the nature of the reporting trader's business.

Choose From Supplemental List I

18. Select all commodity groups and individual commodities that the reporting trader presently trades or expects to trade in the near future in derivative markets.

Choose From Supplemental List II

19. For each selected individual commodity identified in question 18, indicate the business purpose(s) for which the reporting trader uses derivative markets. If the reporting trader has more than one business purpose for trading in an individual commodity, also indicate the predominant business purpose.

Choose From Supplemental List III Signature/Authentication, Name, and Date

20. Please sign/authenticate the Form 40 prior to submitting.

Signature/Electronic Authentication:

By checking this box and submitting this form (or by clicking “submit,” “send,” or any other analogous transmission command if transmitting electronically), I certify that I am duly authorized by the reporting trader identified below to provide the information and representations submitted on this Form 40, and that the information and representations are true and correct. Reporting Trader Authorized Representative (Name and Position): ____________________ (Name) ____________________ (Position) Submitted on behalf of: __________ (Reporting Trader Name) Date of Submission: ____________________ Supplemental List I: List of Business Sectors and Subsectors Business Sector Subsector Agriculture and Forestry Oilseed Farming Grain Farming Fruit and Tree Nut Farming Other Crop Farming (Specify) Cattle Ranching and Farming Hog and Pig Farming Poultry and Egg Production Sheep and Goat Farming Other Animal Production Forestry, Logging, or Timber Production Cooperative Other (Specify) Mining, Oil and Natural Gas Extraction Oil Exploration/Production Natural Gas Exploration/Production Coal Mining Precious Metal Mining Non-Precious Metal Mining Other (Specify) Utilities Utility/Cooperative Electric Power Generation Local Distribution Company Natural Gas Distribution Other (Specify) Construction Building Construction Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction Other (Specify) Manufacturing, Refining and Processing Animal Food Manufacturing Grain Milling Oilseed Milling Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing Dairy Product Manufacturing Animal Slaughtering and Processing Bakeries Other Food Manufacturing Beverage Manufacturing Textile Mills Textile Product Mills Apparel Manufacturing Wood Product Manufacturing Paper Manufacturing Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing Renewable Fuels Manufacturing Petrochemical/Chemical Manufacturing Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing Natural Gas Processing Precious Metal Processor/Smelter Non-Precious Metal Processor Metals Fabricator Other (Specify) Wholesale Trade Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers Metal and Mineral Merchant Dealer Grocery and Related Product Merchant Wholesaler Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers Natural Gas, Power Marketer Importer/Exporter (specify commodities) Other (Specify) Retail Trade Building Materials and Supplies Dealers Food and Beverage Stores Jeweler/Precious Metals Retailer Vehicle Fuel Retailer/Convenience Store Operator Fuel Dealers Other (Specify) Transportation and Warehousing Air Transport Trucking Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas Farm Product Warehousing and Storage Energy Distributor (warehousing, storage) Other (Specify) End User (span: May not be the only/primary subsector selected) Metals End User (Construction Co., Brass Mill, Steel Mill) Emissions End User (Factory, Industrial Cos.) Petroleum End User (Airline Cos. Municipalities, Industrial Cos., Trucking Cos.) Information Other (Specify) Financial Institutions and Investment Management Dealers and Financial Intermediaries Broker/Dealer Bank Holding Company Investment/Merchant Bank Non-US Commercial Bank US Commercial Bank Swaps/Derivatives Dealer Universal Bank Asset/Investment/Fund Management: Asset/Investment Manager Institutional Clients Retail Clients Managed Accounts and Pools (CTAs, CPOs, etc.) Institutional Clients Retail Clients College Endowment, Trust, Foundation Fund of Hedge Funds Hedge Fund Mutual Fund Pension Fund Private Wealth Management Private Bank Exchange Traded Fund Issuer Exchange Traded Note Issuer Government Financial Institution: Central Bank Sovereign Wealth Fund Government Sponsored Enterprise (GSE) Other Governmental Entity (Specify) Other Financial or Trading Entities: Arbitrageur Individual Trader/Investor Floor Broker Floor Trader Market Maker Proprietary Trader Corporate Treasury Mortgage Originator Savings Bank Credit Union Insurance Company Other (Specify) Real Estate Other (Specify) Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Performing Arts Companies Promoters of Performing Arts Agents and Managers for Artists and Entertainers Independent Artists, Writers, Performers Other (Specify) Accommodation and Food Services Food Services Other (Specify) Public Administration Administration of Environmental Quality Programs Administration of Economic Programs Other (Specify) Supplemental List II: Commodity Groups and Individual Commodities Commodity Group Individual Commodity GRAINS OATS WHEAT CORN RICE LIVESTOCK/MEAT PRODUCTS LIVE CATTLE PORK BELLIES FEEDER CATTLE LEAN HOGS DAIRY PRODUCTS MILK BUTTER CHEESE OILSEED AND PRODUCTS SOYBEAN OIL SOYBEAN MEAL SOYBEANS FIBER COTTON FOODSTUFFS/SOFTS COFFEE FROZEN CONCENTRATED ORANGE JUICE SUGAR COCOA OTHER AGRICULTURAL REAL ESTATE CURRENCY EQUITIES AND EQUITY INDICIES INTEREST RATES TREASURY COMPLEX OTHER INTEREST RATE PRODUCTS OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS PETROLEUM AND PRODUCTS JET FUEL ETHANOL BIODIESEL FUEL OIL HEATING OIL GASOLINE NAPHTHA CRUDE OIL DIESEL NATURAL GAS AND PRODUCTS NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS NATURAL GAS ELECTRICITY AND SOURCES COAL ELECTRICITY URANIUM PRECIOUS METALS PALLADIUM PLATINUM SILVER GOLD BASE METALS STEEL COPPER WOOD PRODUCTS LUMBER PULP CHEMICALS PLASTICS EMISSIONS WEATHER OTHER (SPECIFY) Supplemental List III: Business Purposes of Commodity Derivatives Trading Business Purpose Definition Example Offsetting Cash or Spot Market Input Price Risk

Using derivative markets for commodities that are direct inputs or purchases for your business so as to offset price risk associated with your purchase of these inputs.

E.g. You are a grain processor, so you use wheat futures to offset the price risk incidental to your cash purchases of wheat.

Offsetting Cash or Spot Market Output Price Risk

Using derivative markets for commodities that are direct outputs or sales of your business so as to offset price risk associated with your sale of these outputs.

E.g. You are a gasoline refiner, so you use gasoline futures to offset price risk associated with your production of gasoline.

Offsetting Other Cash or Spot Market Price Risks (Cross Price Risk)

Using derivative markets for a commodity that is not a direct input or output of your business, but which has significant price correlations with the direct inputs or outputs of your business.

E.g. You manufacture ethanol which is used as an additive in and competitor for gasoline as a combustive fuel. While you neither directly consume nor produce gasoline, you may find that the price you receive for your ethanol product is highly correlated with the price of gasoline, and therefore you reduce ethanol price risk by using gasoline futures contracts.

Other Physical Risk Management Strategies

Managing other price risks incidental to the operation of your business or physical assets through the use of commodity derivative markets.

E.g. You are a manufacturer with significant international sales, so you use foreign currency futures to offset risks associated with changes in the competitiveness of your exports and therefore the value of your physical assets such as production plants, land, machinery, etc.

Client Futures/Options on Futures Trading

Fulfilling customer/client desire for portfolio diversification or exposure to various asset classes through your activity as a Commodity Pool Operator, Commodity Trading Advisor, or other similar role.

E.g. You collect funds and execute trading strategies through the use of futures/options on futures markets at the expressed intent and for the sole benefit of clients.

Managing Client Swaps Exposure

Reducing risk stemming from holding or executing swaps contracts on behalf of clients or customers through the use of futures/options on futures markets.

E.g. You sell crude oil swaps to a client and agree to accept the risk inherent in the index price. You offset this risk through purchases of crude oil futures, in effect transferring price risk from the client to another market participant.

Making Markets/Providing Liquidity

Engaging in derivatives transactions to assume risk and help transfer ownership of derivative positions from one market participant to another, realizing the bid-ask spread as the return.

E.g. You accept risk by buying and selling futures/options on futures contracts so that other traders can move into and out of positions when they wish. You then find other traders willing to take the other side of those transactions.

Arbitrage

Using derivative markets as part of a strategy designed to realize risk-free profit from pricing anomalies.

E.g. You realize that the wheat futures contract is trading at a discount (even after considering storage, transport, etc.) relative to the wheat cash price, and therefore find it profitable to purchase the wheat futures contract, take delivery, and then resell the wheat in the cash market for a risk-free profit.

Establishing Price Exposure

Using derivative markets as a way to express your belief in the future movement of market prices. This strategy does not involve offsetting risks incidental to your business, but instead involves directional trading.

E.g. You conduct research and believe that crude oil prices are due to rise, so you take long futures positions in crude oil to profit from your predictions.

Financial Asset Management

Using derivatives to diversify, rebalance, or otherwise allocate financial assets so that risks to the value of the investment portfolio are reduced. This strategy is used by entities such as pension funds and endowments to manage overall risk to their financial portfolios.

E.g. You hold Treasury bonds as a component of your investment portfolio, and use futures contracts to reduce overall portfolio risk that would result from falling bond prices.

Managing Proprietary Swaps Exposure

Reducing risk stemming from your proprietary holding or execution of swaps contracts through the use of futures/options on futures markets.

E.g. You trade interest rate swaps as part of your business or investment strategy, and offset some of the risk inherent in those swaps through your use of Eurodollar futures markets.

Other: Specify

List and explain your business purpose if the above categories do not adequately describe the reason you trade in a particular commodity derivative market.

[78 FR 69259, Nov. 18, 2013, as amended at 83 FR 7996, Feb. 23, 2018]