6 USC 1114 - Surface transportation security technology information sharing

Collapse to view only § 1114. Surface transportation security technology information sharing

§ 1111. Definitions
§ 1112. Authorization of Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response teams
§ 1113. Surface transportation security inspectors
§ 1114. Surface transportation security technology information sharing
§ 1115. TSA personnel limitations
§ 1116. National explosives detection canine team training program
§ 1117. Roles of the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Transportation
§ 1118. Biometrics expansion
§ 1119. Voluntary use of credentialing

§ 1111. Definitions

For purposes of this subchapter, the following terms apply:

(1) Appropriate congressional committees

(2) Department

(3) Secretary

(4) State

(5) Terrorism

(6) United States

(Pub. L. 110–53, title XIII, § 1301, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 389.)

§ 1112. Authorization of Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response teams

(a) In generalThe Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration, may develop Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response (referred to in this section as “VIPR”) teams to augment the security of any mode of transportation at any location within the United States. In forming a VIPR team, the Secretary—

(1) may use any asset of the Department, including Federal air marshals, surface transportation security inspectors, canine detection teams, and advanced screening technology;

(2) may determine when a VIPR team shall be deployed, as well as the duration of the deployment;

(3) shall, prior to and during the deployment, consult with local security and law enforcement officials in the jurisdiction where the VIPR team is or will be deployed, to develop and agree upon the appropriate operational protocols and provide relevant information about the mission of the VIPR team, as appropriate;

(4) shall, prior to and during the deployment, consult with all transportation entities directly affected by the deployment of a VIPR team as to specific locations and times within the facilities of such entities at which VIPR teams are to be deployed to maximize the effectiveness of such deployment, as appropriate, including railroad carriers, air carriers, airport owners, over-the-road bus operators and terminal owners and operators, motor carriers, public transportation agencies, owners or operators of highways, port operators and facility owners, vessel owners and operators and pipeline operators; and

(5) shall require, as appropriate based on risk, in the case of a VIPR team deployed to an airport, that the VIPR team conduct operations—

(A) in the sterile area and any other areas to which only individuals issued security credentials have unescorted access; and

(B) in nonsterile areas.

(b) Performance measures

(Pub. L. 110–53, title XIII, § 1303, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 392; Pub. L. 114–190, title III, § 3601, July 15, 2016, 130 Stat. 664; Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §§ 1930(b), 1968(b), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3569, 3608.)

§ 1113. Surface transportation security inspectors

(a) In general

(b) Mission

(d) Requirements

(e) Limitations

(1) Inspectors

(2) Civil penalties

The Secretary shall be prohibited from assessing civil penalties against public transportation agencies, as defined in subchapter III, for violations of the Department’s regulations or orders, except in accordance with the following:

(A) In the case of a public transportation agency that is found to be in violation of a regulation or order issued by the Secretary, the Secretary shall seek correction of the violation through a written notice to the public transportation agency and shall give the public transportation agency reasonable opportunity to correct the violation or propose an alternative means of compliance acceptable to the Secretary.

(B) If the public transportation agency does not correct the violation or propose an alternative means of compliance acceptable to the Secretary within a reasonable time period that is specified in the written notice, the Secretary may take any action authorized in section 114 of title 49.

(3) Limitation on Secretary

(f) Number of inspectors

The Secretary shall employ up to a total of—

(1) 100 surface transportation security inspectors in fiscal year 2007;

(2) 150 surface transportation security inspectors in fiscal year 2008;

(3) 175 surface transportation security inspectors in fiscal year 2009; and

(4) 200 surface transportation security inspectors in fiscal years 2010 and 2011.

(g) Coordination

(h) Consultation

The Secretary shall periodically consult with the surface transportation entities which are or may be inspected by the surface transportation security inspectors, including, as appropriate, railroad carriers, over-the-road bus operators and terminal owners and operators, motor carriers, public transportation agencies, owners or operators of highways, and pipeline operators on—

(1) the inspectors’ duties, responsibilities, authorities, and mission; and

(2) strategies to improve transportation security and to ensure compliance with transportation security requirements.

(i) Report

(j) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section—

(1) $11,400,000 for fiscal year 2007;

(2) $17,100,000 for fiscal year 2008;

(3) $19,950,000 for fiscal year 2009;

(4) $22,800,000 for fiscal year 2010; and

(5) $22,800,000 for fiscal year 2011.

(Pub. L. 110–53, title XIII, § 1304, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 393.)

§ 1114. Surface transportation security technology information sharing

(a) In general

(1) Information sharing

(2) Designation of qualified antiterrorism technologies

(b) Purpose

(Pub. L. 110–53, title XIII, § 1305, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 394.)

§ 1115. TSA personnel limitations

Any statutory limitation on the number of employees in the Transportation Security Administration does not apply to employees carrying out this chapter.

(Pub. L. 110–53, title XIII, § 1306, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 395.)

§ 1116. National explosives detection canine team training program

(a) Definitions

(b) In general

(1) Increased capacity

Not later than 180 days after August 3, 2007, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall—

(A) begin to increase the number of explosives detection canine teams certified by the Transportation Security Administration for the purposes of transportation-related security by up to 200 canine teams annually by the end of 2010; and

(B) encourage State, local, and tribal governments and private owners of high-risk transportation facilities to strengthen security through the use of highly trained explosives detection canine teams.

(2) Explosives detection canine teams

The Secretary of Homeland Security shall increase the number of explosives detection canine teams by—

(A) using the Transportation Security Administration’s National Explosives Detection Canine Team Training Center, including expanding and upgrading existing facilities, procuring and breeding additional canines, and increasing staffing and oversight commensurate with the increased training and deployment capabilities;

(B) partnering with other Federal, State, or local agencies, nonprofit organizations, universities, or the private sector to increase the training capacity for canine detection teams;

(C) procuring explosives detection canines trained by nonprofit organizations, universities, or the private sector provided they are trained in a manner consistent with the standards and requirements developed pursuant to subsection (c) or other criteria developed by the Secretary; or

(D) a combination of subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), as appropriate.

(1) In general

(2) Expansion

In developing and implementing such curriculum, performance standards, and other requirements, the Secretary shall—

(A) coordinate with key stakeholders, including international, Federal, State, and local officials, and private sector and academic entities to develop best practice guidelines for such a standardized program, as appropriate;

(B) require that explosives detection canine teams trained by nonprofit organizations, universities, or private sector entities that are used or made available by the Secretary be trained consistent with specific training criteria developed by the Secretary; and

(C) review the status of the private sector programs on at least an annual basis to ensure compliance with training curricula, performance standards, and other requirements.

(d) Deployment

The Secretary shall—

(1) use the additional explosives detection canine teams as part of the Department’s efforts to strengthen security across the Nation’s transportation network, and may use the canine teams on a more limited basis to support other homeland security missions, as determined appropriate by the Secretary;

(2) make available explosives detection canine teams to all modes of transportation, for high-risk areas or to address specific threats, on an as-needed basis and as otherwise determined appropriate by the Secretary;

(3) encourage, but not require, any transportation facility or system to deploy TSA-certified explosives detection canine teams developed under this section; and

(4) consider specific needs and training requirements for explosives detection canine teams to be deployed across the Nation’s transportation network, including in venues of multiple modes of transportation, as appropriate.

(e) Canine procurement

(f) Study

(g) Authorization

(h) Third party canine teams for air cargo security

(1) In general

In order to enhance the screening of air cargo and ensure that third party explosives detection canine assets are leveraged for such purpose, the Administrator shall, not later than 180 days after October 5, 2018—

(A) develop and issue standards for the use of such third party explosives detection canine assets for the primary screening of air cargo;

(B) develop a process to identify qualified non-Federal entities that will certify canine assets that meet the standards established by the Administrator under subparagraph (A);

(C) ensure that entities qualified to certify canine assets shall be independent from entities that will train and provide canines to end users of such canine assets;

(D) establish a system of Transportation Security Administration audits of the process developed under subparagraph (B); and

(E) provide that canines certified for the primary screening of air cargo can be used by air carriers, foreign air carriers, freight forwarders, and shippers.

(2) Implementation

Beginning on the date that the development of the process under paragraph (1)(B) is complete, the Administrator shall—

(A) facilitate the deployment of such assets that meet the certification standards of the Administration, as determined by the Administrator;

(B) make such standards available to vendors seeking to train and deploy third party explosives detection canine assets; and

(C) ensure that all costs for the training and certification of canines, and for the use of supplied canines, are borne by private industry and not the Federal Government.

(3) Definitions

In this subsection:

(A) Air carrier

(B) Foreign air carrier

(Pub. L. 110–53, title XIII, § 1307, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 395; Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1941, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3582.)

§ 1117. Roles of the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Transportation

The Secretary of Homeland Security is the principal Federal official responsible for transportation security. The roles and responsibilities of the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Transportation in carrying out this chapter are the roles and responsibilities of such Departments pursuant to the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (Public Law 107–71); the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (Public Law 108–458); the National Infrastructure Protection Plan required by Homeland Security Presidential Directive–7; The 1

1 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.

Homeland Security Act of 2002 [6 U.S.C. 101 et seq.]; The 1 National Response Plan; Executive Order No. 13416: Strengthening Surface Transportation Security, dated December 5, 2006; the Memorandum of Understanding between the Department and the Department of Transportation on Roles and Responsibilities, dated September 28, 2004, and any and all subsequent annexes to this Memorandum of Understanding; and any other relevant agreements between the two Departments.

(Pub. L. 110–53, title XIII, § 1310, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 400.)

§ 1118. Biometrics expansion

(a) In general

(b) Rule of construction

(c) Report requiredNot later than 270 days after October 5, 2018, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress, and to any Member of Congress upon the request of that Member, a report that includes specific assessments from the Administrator and the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection with respect to the following:

(1) The operational and security impact of using biometric technology to identify travelers.

(2) The potential effects on privacy of the expansion of the use of biometric technology under paragraph (1), including methods proposed or implemented to mitigate any risks to privacy identified by the Administrator or the Commissioner related to the active or passive collection of biometric data.

(3) Methods to analyze and address any matching performance errors related to race, gender, or age identified by the Administrator with respect to the use of biometric technology, including the deployment of facial recognition technology; 1

1 So in original. The semicolon probably should be a period.

(4) With respect to the biometric entry-exit program, the following:

(A) Assessments of—

(i) the error rates, including the rates of false positives and false negatives, and accuracy of biometric technologies;

(ii) the effects of biometric technologies, to ensure that such technologies do not unduly burden categories of travelers, such as a certain race, gender, or nationality;

(iii) the extent to which and how biometric technologies could address instances of travelers to the United States overstaying their visas, including—(I) an estimate of how often biometric matches are contained in an existing database;(II) an estimate of the rate at which travelers using fraudulent credentials identifications are accurately rejected; and(III) an assessment of what percentage of the detection of fraudulent identifications could have been accomplished using conventional methods;

(iv) the effects on privacy of the use of biometric technologies, including methods to mitigate any risks to privacy identified by the Administrator or the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection related to the active or passive collection of biometric data; and

(v) the number of individuals who stay in the United States after the expiration of their visas each year.

(B) A description of—

(i) all audits performed to assess—(I) error rates in the use of biometric technologies; or(II) whether the use of biometric technologies and error rates in the use of such technologies disproportionately affect a certain race, gender, or nationality; and

(ii) the results of the audits described in clause (i).

(C) A description of the process by which domestic travelers are able to opt-out of scanning using biometric technologies.

(D) A description of—

(i) what traveler data is collected through scanning using biometric technologies, what agencies have access to such data, and how long the agencies possess such data;

(ii) specific actions that the Department and other relevant Federal departments and agencies take to safeguard such data; and

(iii) a short-term goal for the prompt deletion of the data of individual United States citizens after such data is used to verify traveler identities.

(d) Publication of assessments

(Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1919, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3559.)

§ 1119. Voluntary use of credentialing

(a) In general

(b) Issuance of cards

The Secretary of Homeland Security—

(1) shall expand the transportation security card program, consistent with section 70105 of title 46, to allow an applicable individual who is subject to credentialing or a background investigation to apply for a transportation security card; and

(2) may charge reasonable fees, in accordance with section 469(a) of this title, for providing the necessary credentialing and background investigation.

(d) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Applicable individual who is subject to credentialing or a background investigation

The term “applicable individual who is subject to credentialing or a background investigation” means only an individual who—

(A) because of employment is regulated by the Transportation Security Administration, Department of Transportation, or Coast Guard and is required to have a background records check to obtain a hazardous materials endorsement on a commercial driver’s license issued by a State under section 5103a of title 49; or

(B) is required to have a credential and background records check under section 622(d)(2) of this title at a facility with activities that are regulated by the Transportation Security Administration, Department of Transportation, or Coast Guard.

(2) Valid transportation security card

The term “valid transportation security card” means a transportation security card that is—

(A) issued under section 70105 of title 46;

(B) not expired;

1 So in original.

no signs of tampering; and

(D) bears 1 a photograph of the individual representing such card.

(Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1977, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3617.)