- § 20981. Periodic studies of election administration issues
- § 20982. Study, report, and recommendations on best practices for facilitating military and overseas voting
- § 20983. Report on human factor research
- § 20984. Study and report on voters who register by mail and use of Social Security information
- § 20985. Study and report on electronic voting and the electoral process
- § 20986. Study and report on free absentee ballot postage
- § 20987. Consultation with Standards Board and Board of Advisors
§ 20981. Periodic studies of election administration issues
(a) In generalOn such periodic basis as the Commission may determine, the Commission shall conduct and make available to the public studies regarding the election administration issues described in subsection (b), with the goal of promoting methods of voting and administering elections which—
(1) will be the most convenient, accessible, and easy to use for voters, including members of the uniformed services and overseas voters, individuals with disabilities, including the blind and visually impaired, and voters with limited proficiency in the English language;
(2) will yield the most accurate, secure, and expeditious system for voting and tabulating election results;
(3) will be nondiscriminatory and afford each registered and eligible voter an equal opportunity to vote and to have that vote counted; and
(4) will be efficient and cost-effective for use.
(b) Election administration issues describedFor purposes of subsection (a), the election administration issues described in this subsection are as follows:
(1) Methods and mechanisms of election technology and voting systems used in voting and counting votes in elections for Federal office, including the over-vote and under-vote notification capabilities of such technology and systems.
(2) Ballot designs for elections for Federal office.
(3) Methods of voter registration, maintaining secure and accurate lists of registered voters (including the establishment of a centralized, interactive, statewide voter registration list linked to relevant agencies and all polling sites), and ensuring that registered voters appear on the voter registration list at the appropriate polling site.
(4) Methods of conducting provisional voting.
(5) Methods of ensuring the accessibility of voting, registration, polling places, and voting equipment to all voters, including individuals with disabilities (including the blind and visually impaired), Native American or Alaska Native citizens, and voters with limited proficiency in the English language.
(6) Nationwide statistics and methods of identifying, deterring, and investigating voting fraud in elections for Federal office.
(7) Identifying, deterring, and investigating methods of voter intimidation.
(8) Methods of recruiting, training, and improving the performance of poll workers.
(9) Methods of educating voters about the process of registering to vote and voting, the operation of voting mechanisms, the location of polling places, and all other aspects of participating in elections.
(10) The feasibility and advisability of conducting elections for Federal office on different days, at different places, and during different hours, including the advisability of establishing a uniform poll closing time and establishing—
(A) a legal public holiday under section 6103 of title 5 as the date on which general elections for Federal office are held;
(B) the Tuesday next after the 1st Monday in November, in every even numbered year, as a legal public holiday under such section;
(C) a date other than the Tuesday next after the 1st Monday in November, in every even numbered year as the date on which general elections for Federal office are held; and
(D) any date described in subparagraph (C) as a legal public holiday under such section.
(11) Federal and State laws governing the eligibility of persons to vote.
(12) Ways that the Federal Government can best assist State and local authorities to improve the administration of elections for Federal office and what levels of funding would be necessary to provide such assistance.
(13)
(A) The laws and procedures used by each State that govern—
(i) recounts of ballots cast in elections for Federal office;
(ii) contests of determinations regarding whether votes are counted in such elections; and
(iii) standards that define what will constitute a vote on each type of voting equipment used in the State to conduct elections for Federal office.
(B) The best practices (as identified by the Commission) that are used by States with respect to the recounts and contests described in clause (i).
(C) Whether or not there is a need for more consistency among State recount and contest procedures used with respect to elections for Federal office.
(14) The technical feasibility of providing voting materials in eight or more languages for voters who speak those languages and who have limited English proficiency.
(15) Matters particularly relevant to voting and administering elections in rural and urban areas.
(16) Methods of voter registration for members of the uniformed services and overseas voters, and methods of ensuring that such voters receive timely ballots that will be properly and expeditiously handled and counted.
(17) The best methods for establishing voting system performance benchmarks, expressed as a percentage of residual vote in the Federal contest at the top of the ballot.
(18) Broadcasting practices that may result in the broadcast of false information concerning the location or time of operation of a polling place.
(19) Such other matters as the Commission determines are appropriate.
(c) Reports
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, § 241, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1686.)
§ 20982. Study, report, and recommendations on best practices for facilitating military and overseas voting
(a) Study
(1) In general
(2) Issues considered
In conducting the study under paragraph (1) the Commission shall consider the following issues:
(A) The rights of residence of uniformed services voters absent due to military orders.
(B) The rights of absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters to register to vote and cast absentee ballots, including the right of such voters to cast a secret ballot.
(C) The rights of absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters to submit absentee ballot applications early during an election year.
(D) The appropriate preelection deadline for mailing absentee ballots to absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters.
(E) The appropriate minimum period between the mailing of absentee ballots to absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters and the deadline for receipt of such ballots.
(F) The timely transmission of balloting materials to absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters.
(G) Security and privacy concerns in the transmission, receipt, and processing of ballots from absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters, including the need to protect against fraud.
(H) The use of a single application by absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters for absentee ballots for all Federal elections occurring during a year.
(I) The use of a single application for voter registration and absentee ballots by absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters.
(J) The use of facsimile machines and electronic means of transmission of absentee ballot applications and absentee ballots to absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters.
(K) Other issues related to the rights of absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters to participate in elections.
(b) Report and recommendations
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, § 242, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1688.)
§ 20983. Report on human factor research
Not later than 1 year after October 29, 2002, the Commission, in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall submit a report to Congress which assesses the areas of human factor research, including usability engineering and human-computer and human-machine interaction, which feasibly could be applied to voting products and systems design to ensure the usability and accuracy of voting products and systems, including methods to improve access for individuals with disabilities (including blindness) and individuals with limited proficiency in the English language and to reduce voter error and the number of spoiled ballots in elections.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, § 243, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1688.)
§ 20984. Study and report on voters who register by mail and use of Social Security information
(a) Registration by mail
(1) Study
(A) In general
(B) Specific issues studied
The study conducted under subparagraph (A) shall include—
(i) an examination of the impact of section 21083(b) of this title on first time mail registrant voters who vote in person, including the impact of such section on voter registration;
(ii) an examination of the impact of such section on the accuracy of voter rolls, including preventing ineligible names from being placed on voter rolls and ensuring that all eligible names are placed on voter rolls; and
(iii) an analysis of the impact of such section on existing State practices, such as the use of signature verification or attestation procedures to verify the identity of voters in elections for Federal office, and an analysis of other changes that may be made to improve the voter registration process, such as verification or additional information on the registration card.
(2) Report
(b) Use of Social Security information
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, § 244, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1689.)
§ 20985. Study and report on electronic voting and the electoral process
(a) Study
(1) In general
(2) Issues to be studied
The Commission may include in the study conducted under paragraph (1) an examination of—
(A) the appropriate security measures required and minimum standards for certification of systems or technologies in order to minimize the potential for fraud in voting or in the registration of qualified citizens to register and vote;
(B) the possible methods, such as Internet or other communications technologies, that may be utilized in the electoral process, including the use of those technologies to register voters and enable citizens to vote online, and recommendations concerning statutes and rules to be adopted in order to implement an online or Internet system in the electoral process;
(C) the impact that new communications or Internet technology systems for use in the electoral process could have on voter participation rates, voter education, public accessibility, potential external influences during the elections process, voter privacy and anonymity, and other issues related to the conduct and administration of elections;
(D) whether other aspects of the electoral process, such as public availability of candidate information and citizen communication with candidates, could benefit from the increased use of online or Internet technologies;
(E) the requirements for authorization of collection, storage, and processing of electronically generated and transmitted digital messages to permit any eligible person to register to vote or vote in an election, including applying for and casting an absentee ballot;
(F) the implementation cost of an online or Internet voting or voter registration system and the costs of elections after implementation (including a comparison of total cost savings for the administration of the electoral process by using Internet technologies or systems);
(G) identification of current and foreseeable online and Internet technologies for use in the registration of voters, for voting, or for the purpose of reducing election fraud, currently available or in use by election authorities;
(H) the means by which to ensure and achieve equity of access to online or Internet voting or voter registration systems and address the fairness of such systems to all citizens; and
(I) the impact of technology on the speed, timeliness, and accuracy of vote counts in Federal, State, and local elections.
(b) Report
(1) Submission
(2) Internet posting
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, § 245, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1690.)
§ 20986. Study and report on free absentee ballot postage
(a) Study on the establishment of a free absentee ballot postage program
(1) In general
(2) Public survey
(b) Report
(1) Submission
(2) Costs
(3) Implementation
(4) Recommendations regarding the elderly and disabled
The report submitted under paragraph (1) shall—
(A) include recommendations on ways that program described in subsection (a)(1) would target elderly individuals and individuals with disabilities; and
(B) identify methods to increase the number of such individuals who vote in elections for Federal office.
(c) Postal Service defined
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, § 246, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1691.)
§ 20987. Consultation with Standards Board and Board of Advisors
The Commission shall carry out its duties under this part in consultation with the Standards Board and the Board of Advisors.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, § 247, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1692.)