Collapse to view only § 8432. Criminal penalties
- § 8431. Notice of violation; other general provisions
- § 8432. Criminal penalties
- § 8433. Civil penalties
- § 8434. Injunctions and other equitable relief
- § 8435. Citizens suits
§ 8431. Notice of violation; other general provisions
(a) Notice of violation
(1) Whenever, on the basis of any information available, the Secretary finds that any person is in violation of any provision of this chapter, or any rule or order thereunder, the Secretary shall issue notice of such violation. Any notice issued under this subsection shall be in writing and shall state with reasonable specificity the nature of the violation.
(2) Paragraph (1) shall not be construed to relieve any person of liability under the other provisions of this chapter for any act or omission occurring before the issuance of notice.
(b) Individual liability of corporate personnel
(c) Repealed. Pub. L. 100–42, § 1(c)(18), May 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 313
(d) Federal agencies
(Pub. L. 95–620, title VII, § 721, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3333; Pub. L. 100–42, § 1(c)(18), May 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 313.)
§ 8432. Criminal penalties
Any person who willfully violates any provision of this chapter, or any rule or order thereunder, shall be subject to a fine of not more than $50,000, or to imprisonment for not more than one year, or both, for each violation.
(Pub. L. 95–620, title VII, § 722, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3333; Pub. L. 100–42, § 1(c)(19), May 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 313.)
§ 8433. Civil penalties
(a) General civil penalty
(b) Civil penalty for operation in excess of exemption
(c) Repealed. Pub. L. 100–42, § 1(c)(20)(C), May 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 314
(d) Assessment
(1) Before issuing an order assessing a civil penalty against any person under this chapter, the Secretary shall provide to such person notice of the proposed penalty. Such notice shall inform such person of his opportunity to elect in writing within 30 days after the date of receipt of such notice to have the procedures of paragraph (3) (in lieu of those of paragraph (2)) apply with respect to such assessment.
(2)
(A) Unless an election is made within 30 calendar days after receipt of notice under paragraph (1) to have paragraph (3) apply with respect to such penalty, the Secretary shall assess the penalty, by order, after a determination of violation has been made on the record after an opportunity for an agency hearing pursuant to section 554 of title 5 before an administrative law judge appointed under section 3105 of such title 5. Such assessment order shall include the administrative law judge’s findings and the basis for such assessment.
(B) Any person against whom a penalty is assessed under this paragraph may, within 60 calendar days after the date of the order of the Secretary assessing such penalty, institute an action in the United States court of appeals for the appropriate judicial circuit for judicial review of such order in accordance with chapter 7 of title 5. The court shall have jurisdiction to enter a judgment affirming, modifying, or setting aside in whole or in part, the order of the Secretary, or the court may remand the proceeding to the Secretary for such further action as the court may direct.
(3)
(A) In the case of any civil penalty with respect to which the procedures of this paragraph have been elected, the Secretary shall promptly assess such penalty, by order, after the date of the receipt of the notice under paragraph (1) of the proposed penalty.
(B) If the civil penalty has not been paid within 60 calendar days after the assessment order has been made under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall institute an action in the appropriate district court of the United States for an order affirming the assessment of the civil penalty. The court shall have authority to review de novo the law and the facts involved, and shall have jurisdiction to enter a judgment enforcing, modifying, and enforcing as so modified, or setting aside in whole or in part, such assessment.
(C) Any election to have this paragraph apply may not be revoked except with the consent of the Secretary.
(4) If any person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty after it has become a final and unappealable order under paragraph (2), or after the appropriate district court has entered final judgment in favor of the Secretary under paragraph (3), the Secretary shall institute an action to recover the amount of such penalty in any appropriate district court of the United States. In such action, the validity and appropriateness of such final assessment order or judgment shall not be subject to review.
(5)
(A) Notwithstanding the provisions of title 28, or of section 7192(c) of this title, the Secretary shall be represented by the general counsel of the Department of Energy (or any attorney or attorneys within the Department of Energy designated by the Secretary) who shall supervise, conduct, and argue any civil litigation to which paragraph (3) of this subsection applies (including any related collection action under paragraph (4)) in a court of the United States or in any other court, except the Supreme Court. However, the Secretary or the general counsel shall consult with the Attorney General concerning such litigation, and the Attorney General shall provide, on request, such assistance in the conduct of such litigation as may be appropriate.
(B) Subject to the provisions of section 7192(c) of this title, the Secretary shall be represented by the Attorney General, or the Solicitor General, as appropriate, in actions under this subsection, except to the extent provided in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph.
(C)Section 7172(d) of this title shall not apply with respect to the functions of the Secretary under this subsection.
(Pub. L. 95–620, title VII, § 723, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3333; Pub. L. 100–42, § 1(c)(20), May 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 313.)
§ 8434. Injunctions and other equitable relief
Whenever it appears to the Secretary that any person has engaged, is engaged, or is about to engage in acts or practices constituting a violation of this chapter, or any rule or order thereunder, a civil action,1
1 So in original. The comma probably should not appear.
may be brought, in accordance with section 7192(c) of this title, in the appropriate district court of the United States to enjoin such acts or practices, and, upon a proper showing, the court shall grant, without bond, mandatory or prohibitive injunctive relief, including interim equitable relief.(Pub. L. 95–620, title VII, § 724, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3335.)
§ 8435. Citizens suits
(a) General rule
(b) Notice to Secretary or agency head
(c) Authority of Secretary to intervene
(d) Costs of litigation
(e) Other remedies to remain available
(Pub. L. 95–620, title VII, § 725, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3335.)