1. U.S. Code
  2. title 42
  3. chapter 71
  4. subchapter I
  5. § 5516

Collapse to view only § 5516. Transfer of functions

§ 5501. Congressional findings and declaration of policy
(a) The Congress hereby finds that—
(1) the current imbalance between supply and demand for fuels and energy is likely to persist for some time;
(2) the early demonstration of the feasibility of using solar energy for the heating and cooling of buildings could help to relieve the demand upon present fuel and energy supplies;
(3) the technologies for solar heating are close to the point of commercial application in the United States;
(4) the technologies for combined solar heating and cooling still require research, development, testing and demonstration, but no insoluble technical problem is now foreseen in achieving commercial use of such technologies;
(5) the early development and export of viable solar heating equipment and combined solar heating and cooling equipment, consistent with the established preeminence of the United States in the field of high technology products, can make a valuable contribution to our balance of trade;
(6) the widespread use of solar energy in place of conventional methods for the heating and cooling of buildings would have a significantly beneficial effect upon the environment;
(7) the mass production and use of solar heating and cooling equipment will help to eliminate the dependence of the United States upon foreign energy sources and promote the national defense;
(8) the widespread introduction of low-cost solar energy will be beneficial to consumers in a period of rapidly rising fuel cost;
(9) innovation and creativity in the development of solar heating and combined solar heating and cooling components and systems can be fostered through encouraging direct contact between the manufacturers of such systems and the architects, engineers, developers, contractors, and other persons interested in installing such systems in buildings;
(10) evaluation of the performance and reliability of solar heating and combined solar heating and cooling technologies can be expedited by testing under carefully controlled conditions; and
(11) commercial application of solar heating and combined solar heating and cooling technologies can be expedited by early commercial demonstration under practical conditions.
(b) It is therefore declared to be the policy of the United States and the purpose of this subchapter to provide for the demonstration within a three-year period of the practical use of solar heating technology, and to provide for the development and demonstration within a five-year period of the practical use of combined heating and cooling technology.
(Pub. L. 93–409, § 2, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1069.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5501

§ 5502. Definitions
For purposes of this subchapter—
(1) the term “solar heating”, with respect to any building, means the use of solar energy to meet such portion of the total heating needs of such building (including hot water), or such portion of the needs of such building for hot water (where its remaining heating needs are met by other methods), as may be required under performance criteria prescribed by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development utilizing the services of the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
(2) the terms “solar heating and cooling” and “combined solar heating and cooling”, with respect to any building, mean the use of solar energy to provide both such portion of the total heating needs of such building (including hot water) and such portion of the total cooling needs of such building, or such portion of the needs of such building for hot water (where its remaining heating needs are met by other methods) and such portion of the total cooling needs of a building, as may be required under performance criteria prescribed by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development utilizing the services of the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and such term includes cooling by means of nocturnal heat radiation, by evaporation, or by other methods of meeting peakload energy requirements at nonpeakload times;
(3) the term “residential dwellings” includes previously occupied and new single family and multifamily dwellings, mobile homes, and publicly assisted housing owned by a private sponsor or a State or local housing authority not covered by section 5515 of this title;
(4) the term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
(5) the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development; and
(6) Omitted.
(Pub. L. 93–409, § 3, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1070; Pub. L. 93–438, title I, § 104(f), title III, § 301(h), Oct. 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1238, 1250; Pub. L. 95–91, title III, § 301(a), title VII, §§ 703, 707, Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577, 606, 607; Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5115(c), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1433.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5502

§ 5503. Development and demonstration of solar heating systems for use in residential dwellings
(a) Functions of Administrator and Secretary
(b) Time for determination, prescription and publishing of interim performance criteria; selection of designs for suitable dwellings
(1) Within 120 days after September 3, 1974, the Secretary, utilizing the services of the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and in consultation with the Administrator and the Secretary of Energy, shall determine, prescribe, and publish—
(A) interim performance criteria for solar heating components and systems to be used in residential dwellings, and
(B) interim performance criteria (relating to suitability for solar heating) for such dwellings themselves,
taking into account in each instance climatic variations existing between different geographic areas.
(2) As soon as possible after the publication of the performance criteria prescribed under paragraph (1), the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Administrator, will select on the basis of open competition a number of designs for various types of residential dwellings suitable for and adapted to the installation of solar heating systems meeting the performance criteria prescribed under paragraph (1)(A).
(c) Contracts and grants for development of heating systems for commercial production and residential use; contracts for procurement of heating systems and componentsThe Administrator, in accordance with the applicable provisions of subchapter II of chapter 201 of title 51 and under program guidelines established jointly by the Administrator and the Secretary, shall, after consultation with the Secretary—
(1) enter into such contracts and grants as may be necessary or appropriate for the development (for commercial production and residential use) of solar heating systems meeting the performance criteria prescribed under subsection (b)(1)(A) (including any further planning and design which may be required to conform with the specifications set forth in such criteria); and
(2) enter into contracts with a number of persons or firms for the procurement of solar heating components and systems meeting such performance criteria (including adequate numbers of spare and replacement parts for such systems).
(d) Installation of heating systems; operation during demonstration period; title and ownership of dwellings and systems; agreement of owner to observe and monitor system for five years; reports by owner
(e) Installation of heating systems by Secretary of Defense in dwellings located on Federal or federally administered property
(f) Coordination of activities to assure a realistic and effective demonstration
(Pub. L. 93–409, § 5, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1070; Pub. L. 93–438, title I, § 104(f), title III, § 301(h), Oct. 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1238, 1250; Pub. L. 95–91, title III, § 301(a), title VII, §§ 703, 707, Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577, 606, 607; Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5115(c), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1433.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5503

§ 5504. Development and demonstration of combined solar heating and cooling systems for use in residential dwellings
(a) Functions of Administrator and Secretary
(b) Time for determination, prescription and publishing of interim performance criteria; selection of designs for suitable dwellings
(1) As soon as possible after September 3, 1974, the Secretary, utilizing the services of the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and in consultation with the Administrator and the Secretary of Energy, shall determine, prescribe, and publish—
(A) interim performance criteria for combined solar heating and cooling components and systems to be used in residential dwellings, and
(B) interim performance criteria (relating to suitability for solar heating and cooling) for such dwellings themselves,
taking into account in each instance climatic variations existing between different geographic areas.
(2) As soon as possible after the publication of the performance criteria prescribed under paragraph (1) (and if possible before the completion of the research and development provided for in subsection (c)), the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Administrator, will select on the basis of open competition a number of designs for various types of residential dwellings suitable for and adapted to the installation of combined solar heating and cooling systems meeting the performance criteria prescribed under paragraph (1)(A).
(c) Program of research, development and testing to provide additional technological resources for development and commercial application of combined systems
(d) Contracts and grants for development of combined systems for commercial production and residential use; contracts for procurement of combined systemsThe Administrator, in accordance with the applicable provisions of subchapter II of chapter 201 of title 51 and under program guidelines established jointly by the Administrator and the Secretary, and at the earliest possible time during or immediately after the period specified in subsection (c), shall, after consultation with the Secretary—
(1) enter into such contracts and grants as may be necessary or appropriate for the development (for commercial production and residential use) of combined solar heating and cooling systems meeting the performance criteria prescribed under subsection (b)(1)(A) (including any further planning and design which may be required to conform with the specifications set forth in such criteria or to reflect the results of the activities conducted under subsection (c)); and
(2) enter into contracts with a number of persons or firms for the procurement of combined solar heating and cooling systems meeting such performance criteria (including adequate numbers of spare and replacement parts for such systems).
(e) Installation of combined systems; operation during demonstration period; title and ownership of dwellings and systems; agreement of owner to observe and monitor system; reports by owner
(f) Installation of combined systems by Secretary of Defense in dwellings located on Federal or federally administered property
(g) Coordination of activities to assure a realistic and effective demonstration
(Pub. L. 93–409, § 6, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1072; Pub. L. 93–438, title I, § 104(f), title III, § 301(h), Oct. 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1238, 1250; Pub. L. 95–91, title III, § 301(a), title VII, §§ 703, 707, Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577, 606, 607; Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5115(c), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1433.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5504

§ 5504a. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–125, title VIII, § 804(b), Nov. 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 948

CITE AS: 42 USC 5504a

§ 5505. Omitted

CITE AS: 42 USC 5505

§ 5506. Test procedures and definitive performance criteria for solar heating and combined solar heating and cooling components and systems and suitable dwellings; determination, consultation and publication in Federal Register
As soon as feasible, and utilizing data available from the demonstration programs under sections 5503 and 5504 of this title, the Secretary, utilizing the services of the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and in consultation with the Administrator and the Secretary of Energy shall determine, prescribe, and publish in the Federal Register in accordance with the applicable provisions regarding rulemaking prescribed by section 553 of title 5,
(1) definitive performance criteria for solar heating and combined solar heating and cooling components and systems to be used in residential dwellings, taking into account climatic variations existing between different geographic areas;
(2) definitive performance criteria (relating to suitability for solar heating and for combined solar heating and cooling) for such dwellings, taking into account climatic variations existing between different geographic areas; and
(3) procedures whereby manufacturers of solar heating and combined solar heating and cooling components and systems shall have their products tested in order to provide certification that such products conform to the performance criteria established under paragraph (1).
(Pub. L. 93–409, § 8, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1073; Pub. L. 93–438, title I, § 104(f), title III, § 301(h), Oct. 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1238, 1250; Pub. L. 95–91, title III, § 301(a), title VII, §§ 703, 707, Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577, 606, 607; Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5115(c), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1433.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5506

§ 5507. Arrangements with Federal agencies for development and demonstration of solar heating and combined heating and cooling systems for commercial buildings

The Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary, the Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of General Services, and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and concurrently with the conduct of the programs under sections 5503 and 5504 of this title, shall enter into arrangements with appropriate Federal agencies to carry out such projects and activities (including demonstration projects) with respect to apartment buildings, office buildings, factories, crop-drying facilities and other agricultural structures, public buildings (including schools and colleges), and other non-residential, commercial, or industrial buildings, taking into account the special needs of and individual differences in such buildings based upon size, function, and other relevant factors, as may be appropriate for the early development and demonstration of solar heating and combined solar heating and cooling systems suitable and effective for use in such buildings.

(Pub. L. 93–409, § 9, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1074; Pub. L. 93–438, title I, § 104(f), title III, § 301(h), Oct. 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1238, 1250; Pub. L. 95–91, title III, § 301(a), title VII, §§ 703, 707, Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577, 606, 607; Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5115(c), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1433.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5507

§ 5508. Program of applied research by Secretary of Energy for improvement and development of heating systems for commercial application; transmission of results to Secretary and Administrator
(a) The Secretary of Energy shall conduct a program of applied research relevant to (1) the improvement of solar heating components and systems and (2) the development and commercial application of combined solar heating and cooling components and systems as contemplated by the programs under this subchapter.
(b) The Secretary of Energy shall apprise the Secretary and the Administrator on a continuing basis of the results of the programs being conducted in accordance with subsection (a), and the Secretary and the Administrator shall insure that such results, where appropriate, are incorporated into the development and demonstration programs established by this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 93–409, § 10, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1074; Pub. L. 93–438, title I, § 104(f), title III, § 301(h), Oct. 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1238, 1250; Pub. L. 95–91, title III, § 301(a), title VII, §§ 703, 707, Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577, 606, 607.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5508

§ 5509. Supervision of systems and programs by Secretary
(a) Monitoring of performance; collection and evaluation of data; studies and investigation; reports to Congress
The Secretary, utilizing the services of the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and in coordination with such other Government agencies as may be appropriate, shall—
(1) monitor the performance and operation of solar heating and combined solar heating and cooling systems installed in residential dwellings under this subchapter;
(2) collect and evaluate data and information on the performance and operation of solar heating and combined solar heating and cooling systems installed in residential dwellings under this subchapter; and
(3) from time to time, carrying out such studies and investigations and take such other actions, including the submission of special reports to the Congress when appropriate, as may be necessary to assure that the programs for which the Secretary is responsible under this subchapter effectively carry out the policy of this subchapter.
(b) Cooperation with scientific, technical, and professional societies and industry representatives in development of performance criteria and test procedures
(c) Continued liaison with building and related industries and scientific and technical communities
(Pub. L. 93–409, § 11, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1074; Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5115(c), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1433.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5509

§ 5510. Dissemination of information to promote practical use of solar heating and cooling technologies
(a) Coordination by Secretary with other Federal agencies in dissemination to Federal, State, and local authorities, etc.
(b) Studies, investigations and modifications of building codes, zoning ordinances, etc., to promote use of solar energy in buildingsIn addition, the Secretary shall—
(1) study and investigate the effect of building codes, zoning ordinances, tax regulations, and other laws, codes, ordinances, and practices upon the practical use of solar energy for the heating and cooling of buildings;
(2) determine the extent to which such laws, codes, ordinances, and practices should be changed to permit or facilitate such use, and the methods by which any such changes may best be brought about; and
(3) study the necessity of a program of incentives to accelerate the commercial application of solar heating and cooling technology.
(c) Establishment and operation of Solar Heating and Cooling Information Data Bank; retrieval and dissemination services; compilation of information for use by governmental agencies, nonprofit organizations and private persons; utilization of existing information
(1) In carrying out his functions under subsections (a) and (b) the Secretary, utilizing the capabilities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Commerce, and the Secretary of Energy to the maximum extent possible, shall establish and operate a Solar Heating and Cooling Information Data Bank (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as the “bank”) for the purpose of collecting, reviewing, processing, and disseminating solar heating and cooling information and data in a timely and accurate manner in support of the objectives of this subchapter.
(2) Information and data compiled in the bank shall include—
(A) technical information (including reports, journal articles, dissertions,1
1 So in original. Probably should be “dissertations,”.
monographs, and project descriptions) on solar energy research, development, and applications;
(B) technical information on the design, construction, and maintenance of buildings compatible with solar heating and cooling concepts;
(C) physical and chemical properties of the materials required for solar heating and cooling;
(D) climatic conditions in appropriate areas of the United States, including those areas where the demonstrations are to be located; and
(E) engineering performance of devices utilized in solar heating and cooling or to be employed in the demonstrations.
(3) In accordance with regulations prescribed under section 5514 of this title, the Secretary shall provide retrieval and dissemination services to cover the solar heating and cooling information described under paragraph (2) for—
(A) Federal, State, and local government organizations that are active in the area of energy resources (and their contractors);
(B) universities, colleges, and other nonprofit organizations; and
(C) private persons, upon request, in appropriate cases.
(4) In carrying out his functions under this subsection, the Secretary shall utilize, when feasible, the existing data base of scientific and technical information in Federal agencies, adding to such data base any information described in paragraph (2) which does not already reside in such base.
(d) Annual reports to President and Congress by officers and agencies; contents; special annual report by Secretary
(Pub. L. 93–409, § 12, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1075; Pub. L. 93–438, title I, § 104(f), title III, § 301(h), Oct. 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1238, 1250; Pub. L. 95–91, title III, § 301(a), title VII, §§ 703, 707, Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577, 606, 607; Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5115(c), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1433; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4732(b)(21)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–585.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5510

§ 5511. Federally assisted or federally constructed housing
(a) Maximum dollar amount of federally assisted mortgage loan or maximum per unit or other cost or floor area limitation of federally constructed housing
(1) In determining the maximum dollar amount of any federally assisted mortgage loan (as defined in subsection (b)) or the maximum per unit or other cost or floor area limitation of any federally constructed housing (as defined in subsection (c)), where the law establishing the program under which the loan is made or the housing is constructed specifies such maximum per unit or other cost on floor area limitation and the structure involved is furnished with solar heating or combined solar heating and cooling equipment under the demonstration program established by section 5503, 5504, or 5507 of this title, the maximum amount or cost or floor area limitation so specified which is applicable to such structure shall be deemed to be increased by the amount by which (as determined by the Secretary or the Secretary of Defense, as appropriate) the price or cost or floor area limitation of the structure including such solar heating or combined solar heating and cooling equipment exceeds the price or cost or floor area limitation of the structure with such equipment replaced by conventional heating equipment or conventional heating and cooling equipment (as the case may be).
(2) In addition, in the case of a federally assisted mortgage loan, the cost excess specified in subsection (a) shall be fully taken into account in determining the value or cost of the structure involved for purposes of applying any statutory provision specifying the maximum loan-to-value or -cost ratio; except that, if the law specifies different rates of downpayment for successive increments of such value or cost, the lowest such rate shall apply to the additional cost attributable to the solar heating or combined solar heating and cooling equipment, and such equipment shall otherwise be excluded in determining the total value or cost of the structure.
(b) “Mortgage loan” and “federally assisted mortgage loan” defined
As used in subsection (a), the term “mortgage loan” means a loan which is made to finance the purchase or construction of a residence or any other building or structure; and the term “federally assisted mortgage loan” means a mortgage loan which—
(1) is made in whole or in part by any lender the deposits or accounts of which are insured by any agency of the Federal Government, or is made in whole or in part by any lender which is itself regulated by any agency of the Federal Government; or
(2) is made in whole or in part, or insured, guaranteed, supplemented, or assisted in any way, by the Secretary or any other officer or agency of the Federal Government or under or in connection with a housing, urban development, or related program administered by the Secretary or a housing or related program administered by any other such officer or agency; or
(3) is eligible for purchase by the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Government National Mortgage Association, or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or from any financial institution from which it could be purchased by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation; or
(4) is made in whole or in part by any “creditor,” as defined in section 1602(f) 1
1 See References in Text note below.
of title 15, who makes or invests in residential real estate loans aggregating more than $1,000,000 per year.
(c) “Federally constructed housing” defined
(Pub. L. 93–409, § 13, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1076.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5511

§ 5511a. Solar Assistance Financing Entity
(a) Establishment
(b) Purpose
(c) Eligible buildings
The Entity may provide assistance under this section only for the following buildings:
(1) Single family housing
(2) Multifamily housing
(3) Commercial buildings
(4) Schools, hospitals, and agricultural buildings
(5) Other buildings
(d) Financing options
(e) Authority to leverage other funds
(f) Provision of assistance
(g) Regulations
(h) Authorization of appropriations
(Pub. L. 102–550, title IX, § 912, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3875.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5511a

§ 5512. Small business concerns’ opportunities to participate in programs

In carrying out their functions under this subchapter, all Federal officers and agencies shall take steps to assure that small business concerns will have realistic and adequate opportunities to participate in the programs under this subchapter to the maximum extent possible.

(Pub. L. 93–409, § 14, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1077.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5512

§ 5513. Priorities and criteria of demonstration programs
The Secretary shall set priorities as far as possible consistent with the intent and operation of this subchapter in accordance with the following criteria:
(a) The residential dwellings and other buildings which will be part of the demonstration programs referred to in sections 5503, 5504, and 5507 of this title shall be located in a sufficient number of different geographic areas in the United States to assure a realistic and effective demonstration of the solar heating systems and combined solar heating and cooling systems involved, and of the dwellings and other buildings themselves, in both rural and urban locations and under climatic conditions which vary as much as possible.
(b) Consideration shall be given to projected costs of commercial production and maintenance of the solar heating systems and combined solar heating and cooling systems utilized in the demonstration programs.
(c) Encouragement should be given in the conduct of programs under this subchapter to those projects in which funds, appropriated by any State or political subdivision thereof for the purpose of sharing costs with the Federal Government for the purchase and installation of solar heating or combined solar heating and cooling components and systems, are committed before or after September 3, 1974.
(Pub. L. 93–409, § 15, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1077.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5513

§ 5514. Regulations

The Administrator and the Secretary in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the General Services Administration, the Secretary of Defense, and other appropriate officers and agencies, shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out this subchapter promptly and efficiently. Each such officer or agency, in consultation with the Administrator and the Secretary, may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out his or its particular functions under this subchapter promptly and efficiently.

(Pub. L. 93–409, § 16, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1078; Pub. L. 93–438, title I, § 104(f), title III, § 301(h), Oct. 11, 1974,

CITE AS: 42 USC 5514

§ 5515. Use of publicly assisted housing by Secretary in demonstrations

The Secretary shall make appropriate use of publicly assisted housing and particularly low-rent housing assisted under the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.] in demonstrating solar heating systems and combined solar heating and cooling systems under this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 93–409, § 17, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1078.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5515

§ 5516. Transfer of functions

Within sixty days after the effective date of the law creating the Energy Research and Development Administration or any other law creating a permanent Federal organization or agency having jurisdiction over the energy research and development functions of the United States (or within sixty days after September 3, 1974, if the effective date of such law occurs prior to the enactment of this subchapter), the energy research and development functions vested in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation under this subchapter and any funds which may have been appropriated pursuant to section 5517 of this title, to the extent necessary or appropriate, may, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office of Management and Budget, be transferred to and vested in the Energy Research and Development Administration or such other organization or agency.

(Pub. L. 93–409, § 18, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1078.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5516

§ 5517. Authorization of appropriations
(a) Appropriations to National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(b) Appropriations to Department of Housing and Urban Development
(c) Appropriations for programs under this subchapter
(Pub. L. 93–409, § 19, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1078; Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5115(c), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1433.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 5517