Collapse to view only § 292y. General provisions
- § 292q. Agreements for operation of school loan funds
- § 292r. Loan provisions
- § 292s. Medical schools and primary health care
- § 292t. Individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds
- § 292u. Administrative provisions
- § 292v. Provision by schools of information to students
- § 292w. Procedures for appeal of termination of agreements
- § 292x. Distribution of assets from loan funds
- § 292y. General provisions
§ 292q. Agreements for operation of school loan funds
(a) Fund agreements
(b) RequirementsEach agreement entered into under this section shall—
(1) provide for establishment of a student loan fund by the school;
(2) provide for deposit in the fund of—
(A) the Federal capital contributions to the fund;
(B) an amount equal to not less than one-ninth of such Federal capital contributions, contributed by such institution;
(C) collections of principal and interest on loans made from the fund;
(D) collections pursuant to section 292r(j) of this title; and
(E) any other earnings of the fund;
(3) provide that the fund shall be used only for loans to students of the school in accordance with the agreement and for costs of collection of such loans and interest thereon;
(4) provide that loans may be made from such funds only to students pursuing a full-time course of study at the school leading to a degree of doctor of medicine, doctor of dentistry or an equivalent degree, doctor of osteopathy, bachelor of science in pharmacy or an equivalent degree, doctor of pharmacy or an equivalent degree, doctor of podiatric medicine or an equivalent degree, doctor of optometry or an equivalent degree, or doctor of veterinary medicine or an equivalent degree;
(5) provide that the school shall advise, in writing, each applicant for a loan from the student loan fund of the provisions of section 292r of this title under which outstanding loans from the student loan fund may be paid (in whole or in part) by the Secretary; and
(6) contain such other provisions as are necessary to protect the financial interests of the United States.
(c) Failure of school to collect loans
(1) In general
(2) Extent of failure
(3) DefinitionsFor purposes of this subsection:
(A) The term “default” means the failure of a borrower of a loan made under this subpart to—
(i) make an installment payment when due; or
(ii) comply with any other term of the promissory note for such loan,
except that a loan made under this subpart shall not be considered to be in default if the loan is discharged in bankruptcy or if the school reasonably concludes from written contracts with the borrower that the borrower intends to repay the loan.
(B) The term “defaulted principal amount outstanding” means the total amount borrowed from the loan fund of a school that has reached the repayment stage (minus any principal amount repaid or canceled) on loans—
(i) repayable monthly and in default for at least 120 days; and
(ii) repayable less frequently than monthly and in default for at least 180 days;
(C) The term “grace period” means the period of one year beginning on the date on which the borrower ceases to pursue a full-time course of study at a school of medicine, osteopathic medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, podiatric medicine, optometry, or veterinary medicine; and
(D) The term “matured loans” means the total principal amount of all loans made by a school under this subpart minus the total principal amount of loans made by such school to students who are—
(i) enrolled in a full-time course of study at such school; or
(ii) in their grace period.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, § 721, as added Pub. L. 102–408, title I, § 102, Oct. 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 2011.)
§ 292r. Loan provisions
(a) Amount of loan
(1) In general
(2) Third and fourth years of medical school
(b) Terms and conditions
(c) Repayment; exclusions from repayment periodSuch loans shall be repayable in equal or graduated periodic installments (with the right of the borrower to accelerate repayment) over the period of not less than 10 years nor more than 25 years, at the discretion of the institution, which begins one year after the student ceases to pursue a full-time course of study at a school of medicine, osteopathic medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, podiatry, optometry, or veterinary medicine, excluding from such period—
(1) all periods—
(A) not in excess of three years of active duty performed by the borrower as a member of a uniformed service;
(B) not in excess of three years during which the borrower serves as a volunteer under the Peace Corps Act [22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.];
(C) during which the borrower participates in advanced professional training, including internships and residencies; and
(D) during which the borrower is pursuing a full-time course of study at such a school; and
(2) a period—
(A) not in excess of two years during which a borrower who is a full-time student in such a school leaves the school, with the intent to return to such school as a full-time student, in order to engage in a full-time educational activity which is directly related to the health profession for which the borrower is preparing, as determined by the Secretary; or
(B) not in excess of two years during which a borrower who is a graduate of such a school is a participant in a fellowship training program or a full-time educational activity which—
(i) is directly related to the health profession for which such borrower prepared at such school, as determined by the Secretary; and
(ii) may be engaged in by the borrower during such a two-year period which begins within twelve months after the completion of the borrower’s participation in advanced professional training described in paragraph (1)(C) or prior to the completion of such borrower’s participation in such training.
(d) Cancellation of liability
(e) Rate of interest
(f) Security or endorsement
(g) Transferring and assigning loans
(h) Charge with respect to insurance for certain cancellations
(i) Charge with respect to late payments
(j) Authority of schools regarding rate of payment
(k) Authority regarding repayments by SecretaryUpon application by a person who received, and is under an obligation to repay, any loan made to such person as a health professions student to enable him to study medicine, osteopathy, dentistry, veterinary medicine, optometry, pharmacy, or podiatry, the Secretary may undertake to repay (without liability to the applicant) all or any part of such loan, and any interest or portion thereof outstanding thereon, upon his determination, pursuant to regulations establishing criteria therefor, that the applicant—
(1) failed to complete such studies leading to his first professional degree;
(2) is in exceptionally needy circumstances;
(3) is from a low-income or disadvantaged family as those terms may be defined by such regulations; and
(4) has not resumed, or cannot reasonably be expected to resume, the study of medicine, osteopathy, dentistry, veterinary medicine, optometry, pharmacy, or podiatric medicine, within two years following the date upon which he terminated such studies.
(l) Collection efforts by Secretary
(m) Elimination of statute of limitation for loan collections
(1) Purpose
(2) Prohibition
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, § 722, as added Pub. L. 102–408, title I, § 102, Oct. 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 2012; amended Pub. L. 103–43, title XX, § 2014(b), June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 215; Pub. L. 105–392, title I, § 134(a), (b)(1), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3577, 3578; Pub. L. 117–103, div. R, § 104(2), Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 821.)
§ 292s. Medical schools and primary health care
(a) Requirements for students
(1) In generalSubject to the provisions of this subsection, in the case of student loan funds established under section 292q of this title by schools of medicine or osteopathic medicine, each agreement entered into under such section with such a school shall provide (in addition to the provisions required in subsection (b) of such section) that the school will make a loan from such fund to a student only if the student agrees—
(A) to enter and complete a residency training program in primary health care not later than 4 years after the date on which the student graduates from such school; and
(B) to practice in such care for 10 years (including residency training in primary health care) or through the date on which the loan is repaid in full, whichever occurs first.
(2) Inapplicability to certain students
(A) The requirement established in paragraph (1) regarding the student loan fund of a school does not apply to a student if—
(i) the first loan to the student from such fund is made before July 1, 1993; or
(ii) the loan is made from—(I) a Federal capital contribution under section 292q of this title that is made from amounts appropriated under section 292t(f) 1
1 See References in Text note below.
of this title (in this section referred to as an “exempt Federal capital contribution”); or(II) a school contribution made under section 292q of this title pursuant to such a Federal capital contribution (in this section referred to as an “exempt school contribution”).(B) A Federal capital contribution under section 292q of this title may not be construed as being an exempt Federal capital contribution if the contribution was made from amounts appropriated before October 1, 1990. A school contribution under section 292q of this title may not be construed as being an exempt school contribution if the contribution was made pursuant to a Federal capital contribution under such section that was made from amounts appropriated before such date.
(3) Noncompliance by student
(4) Waivers
(A) With respect to the obligation of an individual under an agreement made under paragraph (1) as a student, the Secretary shall provide for the partial or total waiver or suspension of the obligation whenever compliance by the individual is impossible, or would involve extreme hardship to the individual, and if enforcement of the obligation with respect to the individual would be unconscionable.
(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the obligation of an individual shall be waived if—
(i) the status of the individual as a student of the school involved is terminated before graduation from the school, whether voluntarily or involuntarily; and
(ii) the individual does not, after such termination, resume attendance at the school or begin attendance at any other school of medicine or osteopathic medicine.
(C) If an individual resumes or begins attendance for purposes of subparagraph (B), the obligation of the individual under the agreement under paragraph (1) shall be considered to have been suspended for the period in which the individual was not in attendance.
(D) This paragraph may not be construed as authorizing the waiver or suspension of the obligation of a student to repay, in accordance with section 292r of this title, loans from student loan funds under section 292q of this title.
(b) Requirements for schools
(1) In general
(2) Description of conditionsWith respect to graduates described in paragraph (1) (in this paragraph referred to as “designated graduates”), the conditions referred to in such paragraph for a school for a 1-year period are as follows:
(A) Not less than 50 percent of designated graduates of the school meet the criterion of either being in a residency training program in primary health care, or being engaged in a practice in such care (having completed such a program).
(B) Not less than 25 percent of the designated graduates of the school meet such criterion, and such percentage is not less than 5 percentage points above the percentage of such graduates meeting such criterion for the preceding 1-year period.
(C) In the case of schools of medicine or osteopathic medicine with student loans funds under section 292q of this title, the school involved is at or above the 75th percentile of such schools whose designated graduates meet such criterion.
(3) Determinations by Secretary
(4) Noncompliance by school
(A)
(i) Subject to subparagraph (C), each agreement under section 292q of this title with a school of medicine or osteopathic medicine shall provide that, if the school fails to comply with paragraph (1) for a 1-year period under such paragraph, the school—(I) will pay to the Secretary the amount applicable under subparagraph (B) for the period; and(II) will pay such amount not later than 90 days after the school is informed under paragraph (3) of the determination of the Secretary regarding such period.
(ii) Any amount that a school is required to pay under clause (i) may be paid from the student loan fund of the school under section 292q of this title.
(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the amount applicable for a school, subject to subparagraph (C), is—
(i) for the 1-year period ending June 30, 1997, an amount equal to 10 percent of the income received during such period by the student loan fund of the school under section 292q of this title;
(ii) for the 1-year period ending June 30, 1998, an amount equal to 20 percent of the income received during such period by the student loan fund; and
(iii) for any subsequent 1-year period under paragraph (1), an amount equal to 30 percent of the income received during such period by the student loan fund.
(C) In determining the amount of income that a student loan fund has received for purposes of subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall exclude any income derived from exempt contributions. Payments made to the Secretary under subparagraph (A) may not be made with such contributions or with income derived from such contributions.
(5) Expenditure of payments
(A) Amounts paid to the Secretary under paragraph (4) shall be expended to make Federal capital contributions to student loan funds under section 292q of this title of schools that are in compliance with paragraph (1).
(B) A Federal capital contribution under section 292q of this title may not be construed as being an exempt Federal capital contribution if the contribution is made from payments under subparagraph (A). A school contribution under such section may not be construed as being an exempt school contribution if the contribution is made pursuant to a Federal capital contribution from such payments.
(6) Reports by schools
(c) DefinitionsFor purposes of this section:
(1) The term “exempt contributions” means exempt Federal capital contributions and exempt school contributions.
(2) The term “exempt Federal capital contribution” means a Federal capital contribution described in subclause (I) of subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii).
(3) The term “exempt school contribution” means a school contribution described in subclause (II) of subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii).
(4) The term “income”, with respect to a student fund under section 292q of this title, means payments of principal and interest on any loan made from the fund, and any other earnings of the fund.
(5) The term “primary health care” means family medicine, general internal medicine, general pediatrics, preventive medicine, or osteopathic general practice.
(d) Sense of Congress
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, § 723, as added Pub. L. 102–408, title I, § 102, Oct. 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 2015; amended Pub. L. 103–43, title XX, § 2014(c), June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 216; Pub. L. 105–392, title I, § 131, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3574; Pub. L. 111–148, title V, § 5201(a), Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 606.)
§ 292t. Individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds
(a) Fund agreements regarding certain amountsWith respect to amounts appropriated under subsection (f), each agreement entered into under section 292q of this title with a school shall provide (in addition to the provisions required in subsection (b) of such section) that—
(1) any Federal capital contribution made to the student loan fund of the school from such amounts, together with the school contribution appropriate under subsection (b)(2)(B) of such section to the amount of the Federal capital contribution, will be utilized only for the purpose of—
(A) making loans to individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds; and
(B) the costs of the collection of the loans and interest on the loans; and
(2) collections of principal and interest on loans made pursuant to paragraph (1), and any other earnings of the student loan fund attributable to amounts that are in the fund pursuant to such paragraph, will be utilized only for the purpose described in such paragraph.
(b) Minimum qualifications for schoolsThe Secretary may not make a Federal capital contribution for purposes of subsection (a) for a fiscal year unless the health professions school involved—
(1) is carrying out a program for recruiting and retaining students from disadvantaged backgrounds, including racial and ethnic minorities; and
(2) is carrying out a program for recruiting and retaining minority faculty.
(c) Certain agreements regarding education of students; date certain for complianceThe Secretary may not make a Federal capital contribution for purposes of subsection (a) for a fiscal year unless the health professions school involved agrees—
(1) to ensure that adequate instruction regarding minority health issues is provided for in the curricula of the school;
(2) with respect to health clinics providing services to a significant number of individuals who are from disadvantaged backgrounds, including members of minority groups, to enter into arrangements with 1 or more such clinics for the purpose of providing students of the school with experience in providing clinical services to such individuals;
(3) with respect to public or nonprofit private secondary educational institutions and undergraduate institutions of higher education, to enter into arrangements with 1 or more such institutions for the purpose of carrying out programs regarding the educational preparation of disadvantaged students, including minority students, to enter the health professions and regarding the recruitment of such individuals into the health professions;
(4) to establish a mentor program for assisting disadvantaged students, including minority students, regarding the completion of the educational requirements for degrees from the school;
(5) to be carrying out each of the activities specified in any of paragraphs (1) through (4) by not later than 1 year after the date on which the first Federal capital contribution is made to the school for purposes of subsection (a); and
(6) to continue carrying out such activities, and the activities specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b), throughout the period during which the student loan fund established pursuant to section 292q(b) of this title is in operation.
(d) Availability of other amounts
(e) “Disadvantaged” defined
(f) Authorization of appropriations
(1) Repealed. Pub. L. 105–392, title I, § 132(b), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3575
(2) Special consideration for certain schools
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, § 724, as added Pub. L. 102–408, title I, § 102, Oct. 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 2018; amended Pub. L. 105–392, title I, § 132, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3575.)
§ 292u. Administrative provisions
The Secretary may agree to modifications of agreements or loans made under this subpart, and may compromise, waive, or release any right, title, claim, or demand of the United States arising or acquired under this subpart.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, § 725, as added Pub. L. 102–408, title I, § 102, Oct. 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 2019.)
§ 292v. Provision by schools of information to students
(a) In general
With respect to loans made by a school under this subpart after June 30, 1986, each school, in order to carry out the provisions of sections 292q and 292r of this title, shall, at any time such school makes such a loan to a student under this subpart, provide thorough and adequate loan information on loans made under this subpart to the student. The loan information required to be provided to the student by this subsection shall include—
(1) the yearly and cumulative maximum amounts that may be borrowed by the student;
(2) the terms under which repayment of the loan will begin;
(3) the maximum number of years in which the loan must be repaid;
(4) the interest rate that will be paid by the borrower and the minimum amount of the required monthly payment;
(5) the amount of any other fees charged to the borrower by the lender;
(6) any options the borrower may have for deferral, cancellation, prepayment, consolidation, or other refinancing of the loan;
(7) a definition of default on the loan and a specification of the consequences which will result to the borrower if the borrower defaults, including a description of any arrangements which may be made with credit bureau organizations;
(8) to the extent practicable, the effect of accepting the loan on the eligibility of the borrower for other forms of student assistance; and
(9) a description of the actions that may be taken by the Federal Government to collect the loan, including a description of the type of information concerning the borrower that the Federal Government may disclose to (A) officers, employees, or agents of the Department of Health and Human Services, (B) officers, employees, or agents of schools with which the Secretary has an agreement under this subpart, or (C) any other person involved in the collection of a loan under this subpart.
(b) Statement regarding loan
Each school shall, immediately prior to the graduation from such school of a student who receives a loan under this subpart after June 30, 1986, provide such student with a statement specifying—
(1) each amount borrowed by the student under this subpart;
(2) the total amount borrowed by the student under this subpart; and
(3) a schedule for the repayment of the amounts borrowed under this subpart, including the number, amount, and frequency of payments to be made.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, § 726, as added Pub. L. 102–408, title I, § 102, Oct. 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 2020.)
§ 292w. Procedures for appeal of termination of agreements
In any case in which the Secretary intends to terminate an agreement with a school under this subpart, the Secretary shall provide the school with a written notice specifying such intention and stating that the school may request a formal hearing with respect to such termination. If the school requests such a hearing within 30 days after the receipt of such notice, the Secretary shall provide such school with a hearing conducted by an administrative law judge.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, § 727, as added Pub. L. 102–408, title I, § 102, Oct. 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 2020.)
§ 292x. Distribution of assets from loan funds
(a) Distribution after termination of fund
If a school terminates a loan fund established under an agreement pursuant to section 292q(b) of this title, or if the Secretary for good cause terminates the agreement with the school, there shall be a capital distribution as follows:
(1) The Secretary shall first be paid an amount which bears the same ratio to such balance in such fund on the date of termination of the fund as the total amount of the Federal capital contributions to such fund by the Secretary pursuant to section 292q(b)(2)(A) of this title bears to the total amount in such fund derived from such Federal capital contributions and from funds deposited therein pursuant to section 292q(b)(2)(B) of this title.
(2) The remainder of such balance shall be paid to the school.
(b) Payment of proportionate share to Secretary
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, § 728, as added Pub. L. 102–408, title I, § 102, Oct. 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 2021.)
§ 292y. General provisions
(a) Date certain for applications
(b) Contingent reduction in allotments
(c) Allotment of excess funds
(d) Payment of installments to schools
(e) Disposition of funds returned to Secretary
(1) Expenditure for Federal capital contributions
(2) Date certain for contributions
(3) Preference in making contributions
(f) Funding for certain medical schools
(1) Authorization of appropriations
(2) Minimum requirements
(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary may make a Federal capital contribution pursuant to paragraph (1) only if the school of medicine or osteopathic medicine involved meets the conditions described in subparagraph (A) of section 292s(b)(2) of this title or the conditions described in subparagraph (C) of such section.
(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the conditions referred to in such subparagraph shall be applied with respect to graduates of the school involved whose date of graduation occurred approximately 3 years before June 30 of the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the Federal capital contribution involved is made.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, § 735, as added Pub. L. 102–408, title I, § 102, Oct. 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 2021; amended Pub. L. 102–531, title III, § 313(a)(1), Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3507; Pub. L. 103–43, title XX, § 2014(d), June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 217; Pub. L. 105–392, title I, § 134(c), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3578.)