Collapse to view only § 280b. Research
- § 280b. Research
- § 280b-0. Prevention and control activities
- § 280b-1. Preventing overdoses of controlled substances
- § 280b-1a. Interpersonal violence within families and among acquaintances
- § 280b-1b. Use of allotments for rape prevention education
- § 280b-1c. Prevention of traumatic brain injury
- § 280b-1d. National program for traumatic brain injury surveillance and registries
- § 280b-1e. Repealed.
- § 280b-1f. Prevention of falls among older adults
- § 280b-2. General provisions
- § 280b-3. Authorization of appropriations
- § 280b-4. Study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
§ 280b. Research
(a) The Secretary, through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall—
(1) conduct, and give assistance to public and nonprofit private entities, scientific institutions, and individuals engaged in the conduct of, research relating to the causes, mechanisms, prevention, diagnosis, treatment of injuries, and rehabilitation from injuries;
(2) make grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements or contracts with, public and nonprofit private entities (including academic institutions, hospitals, and laboratories) and individuals for the conduct of such research; and
(3) make grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements or contracts with, academic institutions for the purpose of providing training on the causes, mechanisms, prevention, diagnosis, treatment of injuries, and rehabilitation from injuries.
(b) The Secretary, through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall collect and disseminate, through publications and other appropriate means, information concerning the practical applications of research conducted or assisted under subsection (a). In carrying out the preceding sentence, the Secretary shall disseminate such information to the public, including through elementary and secondary schools.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, § 391, as added Pub. L. 99–649, § 3, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3633; amended Pub. L. 101–558, § 2(a), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2772; Pub. L. 102–531, title III, § 312(d)(3), Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3504; Pub. L. 103–183, title II, § 203(b)(2), Dec. 14, 1993, 107 Stat. 2232.)
§ 280b–0. Prevention and control activities
(a) The Secretary, through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall—
(1) assist States and political subdivisions of States in activities for the prevention and control of injuries; and
(2) encourage regional activities between States designed to reduce injury rates.
(b) The Secretary, through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, may—
(1) enter into agreements between the Service and public and private community health agencies which provide for cooperative planning of activities to deal with problems relating to the prevention and control of injuries;
(2) work in cooperation with other Federal agencies, and with public and nonprofit private entities, to promote activities regarding the prevention and control of injuries; and
(3) make grants to States and, after consultation with State health agencies, to other public or nonprofit private entities for the purpose of carrying out demonstration projects for the prevention and control of injuries at sites that are not subject to the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 [29 U.S.C. 651 et seq.], including homes, elementary and secondary schools, and public buildings.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, § 392, as added Pub. L. 99–649, § 3, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3634; amended Pub. L. 101–558, § 2(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2772; Pub. L. 102–531, title III, §§ 301, 312(d)(4), Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3482, 3504; Pub. L. 103–183, title II, § 203(a)(2), (b)(1), Dec. 14, 1993, 107 Stat. 2232.)
§ 280b–1. Preventing overdoses of controlled substances
(a) Evidence-based prevention grants
(1) In generalThe Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may—
(A) to the extent practicable, carry out and expand any evidence-based prevention activities described in paragraph (2);
(B) provide training and technical assistance to States, localities, and Indian Tribes for purposes of carrying out such activity; and
(C) award grants to States, localities, and Indian Tribes for purposes of carrying out such activity.
(2) Evidence-based prevention activitiesAn evidence-based prevention activity described in this paragraph is any of the following activities:
(A) Improving the efficiency and use of a new or currently operating prescription drug monitoring program, including by—
(i) encouraging all authorized users (as specified by the State or other entity) to register with and use the program;
(ii) enabling such users to access any updates to information collected by the program in as close to real-time as possible;
(iii) improving the ease of use of such program;
(iv) providing for a mechanism for the program to notify authorized users of any potential misuse or abuse of controlled substances and any detection of inappropriate prescribing or dispensing practices relating to such substances;
(v) encouraging the analysis of prescription drug monitoring data for purposes of providing de-identified, aggregate reports based on such analysis to State public health agencies, State substance abuse agencies, State licensing boards, and other appropriate State agencies, as permitted under applicable Federal and State law and the policies of the prescription drug monitoring program and not containing any protected health information, to prevent inappropriate prescribing, drug diversion, or abuse and misuse of controlled substances, and to facilitate better coordination among agencies;
(vi) enhancing interoperability between the program and any health information technology (including certified health information technology), including by integrating program data into such technology;
(vii) updating program capabilities to respond to technological innovation for purposes of appropriately addressing the occurrence and evolution of controlled substance overdoses;
(viii) facilitating and encouraging data exchange between the program and the prescription drug monitoring programs of other States;
(ix) enhancing data collection and quality, including improving patient matching and proactively monitoring data quality;
(x) providing prescriber and dispenser practice tools, including prescriber practice insight reports for practitioners to review their prescribing patterns in comparison to such patterns of other practitioners in the specialty; and
(xi) meeting the purpose of the program established under section 280g–3 of this title, as described in section 280g–3(a) of this title.
(B) Promoting community or health system interventions.
(C) Evaluating interventions to prevent controlled substance overdoses.
(D) Implementing projects to advance an innovative prevention approach with respect to new and emerging public health crises and opportunities to address such crises, such as enhancing public education and awareness on the risks associated with opioids.
(3) Additional grantsThe Director may award grants to States, localities, and Indian Tribes—
(A) to carry out innovative projects for grantees to rapidly respond to controlled substance misuse, abuse, and overdoses, including changes in patterns of controlled substance use; and
(B) for any other evidence-based activity for preventing controlled substance misuse, abuse, and overdoses as the Director determines appropriate.
(4) Research
(b) Enhanced controlled substance overdose data collection, analysis, and dissemination grants
(1) In generalThe Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may—
(A) to the extent practicable, carry out any controlled substance overdose data collection activities described in paragraph (2);
(B) provide training and technical assistance to States, localities, and Indian Tribes for purposes of carrying out such activity;
(C) award grants to States, localities, and Indian Tribes for purposes of carrying out such activity; and
(D) coordinate with the Assistant Secretary for Mental Health and Substance Use to collect data pursuant to section 290aa–4(d)(1)(A) of this title (relating to the number of individuals admitted to emergency departments as a result of the abuse of alcohol or other drugs).
(2) Controlled substance overdose data collection and analysis activitiesA controlled substance overdose data collection, analysis, and dissemination activity described in this paragraph is any of the following activities:
(A) Improving the timeliness of reporting data to the public, including data on fatal and nonfatal overdoses of controlled substances.
(B) Enhancing the comprehensiveness of controlled substance overdose data by collecting information on such overdoses from appropriate sources such as toxicology reports, autopsy reports, death scene investigations, and emergency departments.
(C) Modernizing the system for coding causes of death related to controlled substance overdoses to use an electronic-based system.
(D) Using data to help identify risk factors associated with controlled substance overdoses.
(E) Supporting entities involved in providing information on controlled substance overdoses, such as coroners, medical examiners, and public health laboratories to improve accurate testing and standardized reporting of causes and contributing factors to controlled substances overdoses and analysis of various opioid analogues to controlled substance overdoses.
(F) Working to enable and encourage the access, exchange, and use of information regarding controlled substance overdoses among data sources and entities.
(c) Priority
(d) DefinitionsIn this section:
(1) Controlled substance
(2) Indian tribe
(e) Authorization of appropriations
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, § 392A, as added Pub. L. 115–271, title VII, § 7161(a), Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 4059; amended Pub. L. 117–328, div. FF, title I, § 1271(b), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5686.)
§ 280b–1a. Interpersonal violence within families and among acquaintances
(a) With respect to activities that are authorized in sections 280b and 280b–0 of this title, the Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall carry out such activities with respect to interpersonal violence within families and among acquaintances. Activities authorized in the preceding sentence include the following:
(1) Collecting data relating to the incidence of such violence.
(2) Making grants to public and nonprofit private entities for the evaluation of programs whose purpose is to prevent such violence, including the evaluation of demonstration projects under paragraph (6).
(3) Making grants to public and nonprofit private entities for the conduct of research on identifying effective strategies for preventing such violence.
(4) Providing to the public information and education on such violence, including information and education to increase awareness of the public health consequences of such violence.
(5) Training health care providers as follows:
(A) To identify individuals whose medical conditions or statements indicate that the individuals are victims of such violence.
(B) To routinely determine, in examining patients, whether the medical conditions or statements of the patients so indicate.
(C) To refer individuals so identified to entities that provide services regarding such violence, including referrals for counseling, housing, legal services, and services of community organizations.
(6) Making grants to public and nonprofit private entities for demonstration projects with respect to such violence, including with respect to prevention.
(b) For purposes of this part, the term “interpersonal violence within families and among acquaintances” includes behavior commonly referred to as domestic violence, sexual assault, spousal abuse, woman battering, partner abuse, elder abuse, and acquaintance rape.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, § 393, as added Pub. L. 103–183, title II, § 201(2), Dec. 14, 1993, 107 Stat. 2231.)
§ 280b–1b. Use of allotments for rape prevention education
(a) Permitted use
The Secretary, acting through the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall award targeted grants to States to be used for rape prevention and education programs conducted by rape crisis centers, State, territorial or tribal sexual assault coalitions, and other public and private nonprofit entities for—
(1) educational seminars;
(2) the operation of hotlines or utilization of other communication technologies for purposes related to such a hotline;
(3) training programs for professionals, including school-based professionals, to identify and refer students who may have experienced or are at risk of experiencing sexual violence;
(4) the preparation of informational material;
(5) education and training programs for students and campus personnel designed to reduce the incidence of sexual assault at colleges and universities;
(6) education to increase awareness about drugs and alcohol used to facilitate rapes or sexual assaults; and
(7) other efforts to increase awareness of the facts about, or to help prevent, sexual violence, sexual assault, and sexual harassment, including efforts to increase awareness in underserved communities and awareness among individuals with disabilities (as defined in section 12102 of this title) and Deaf individuals.
(b) Collection and dissemination of information on sexual assault
(c) Meaningful involvement of State sexual assault coalitions, culturally specific organizations, and underserved communities
(d) Authorization of appropriations
(1) In general
(2) National sexual violence resource center allotment
(3) Baseline funding for States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico
(4) State, territorial, and Tribal sexual assault coalition allotment
(A) In general
(B) Allocations
Of the total amount appropriated under this subsection and allocated to making awards to sexual assault coalitions, as described in subparagraph (A), for a fiscal year—
(i) not less than 10 percent shall be made available to Tribal sexual assault coalitions; and
(ii) any remaining amounts shall be made available, in equal amounts, to each State coalition and each territorial coalition.
(C) Clarification
(e) Limitations
(1) Supplement not supplant
(2) Studies
(3) Administration
(f) Report
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, § 393A, formerly § 393B, as added Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title IV, § 1401(a), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1512; amended Pub. L. 109–162, title III, § 302, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3004; renumbered § 393C, Pub. L. 110–202, § 2(1), Apr. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 697; renumbered § 393A, Pub. L. 110–206, § 2(1), Apr. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 714; Pub. L. 113–4, title III, § 301, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 84; Pub. L. 117–103, div. W, title III, § 301, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 863.)
§ 280b–1c. Prevention of traumatic brain injury
(a) In general
(b) Certain activitiesActivities under subsection (a) may include—
(1) the conduct of research into identifying effective strategies for the prevention of traumatic brain injury;
(2) the implementation of public information and education programs for the prevention of such injury and for broadening the awareness of the public concerning the public health consequences of such injury; and
(3) the implementation of a national education and awareness campaign regarding such injury (in conjunction with the program of the Secretary regarding health-status goals for 2020, commonly referred to as Healthy People 2020), including—
(A) the national dissemination of information on—
(i) incidence and prevalence; and
(ii) information relating to traumatic brain injury and the sequelae of secondary conditions arising from traumatic brain injury upon discharge from hospitals and emergency departments; and
(B) the provision of information in primary care settings, including emergency rooms and trauma centers, concerning the availability of State level services and resources.
(c) Coordination of activities
(d) “Traumatic brain injury” defined
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, § 393B, formerly § 393A, as added Pub. L. 104–166, § 1, July 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 1445; amended Pub. L. 106–310, div. A, title XIII, § 1301(a), Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1137; renumbered § 393B and amended Pub. L. 110–206, §§ 2(2), 3(a), Apr. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 714; Pub. L. 113–196, § 2(a), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2052.)
§ 280b–1d. National program for traumatic brain injury surveillance and registries
(a) In general
The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, may make grants to States or their designees to develop or operate the State’s traumatic brain injury surveillance system or registry to determine the incidence and prevalence of traumatic brain injury and related disability, to ensure the uniformity of reporting under such system or registry, to link individuals with traumatic brain injury to services and supports, and to link such individuals with academic institutions to conduct applied research that will support the development of such surveillance systems and registries as may be necessary. A surveillance system or registry under this section shall provide for the collection of data concerning—
(1) demographic information about each traumatic brain injury;
(2) information about the circumstances surrounding the injury event associated with each traumatic brain injury;
(3) administrative information about the source of the collected information, dates of hospitalization and treatment, and the date of injury; and
(4) information characterizing the clinical aspects of the traumatic brain injury, including the severity of the injury, outcomes of the injury, the types of treatments received, and the types of services utilized.
(b) Report
(c) National concussion data collection and analysis
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, § 393C, formerly § 393B, as added Pub. L. 106–310, div. A, title XIII, § 1301(b), Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1137; renumbered § 393C and amended Pub. L. 110–206, §§ 2(3), 3(b), (c), Apr. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 714, 715; Pub. L. 115–377, § 2(1), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5114.)
§ 280b–1e. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–377, § 2(3), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5114
§ 280b–1f. Prevention of falls among older adults
(a) Public educationThe Secretary may—
(1) oversee and support a national education campaign to be carried out by a nonprofit organization with experience in designing and implementing national injury prevention programs, that is directed principally to older adults, their families, and health care providers, and that focuses on reducing falls among older adults and preventing repeat falls; and
(2) award grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements to qualified organizations, institutions, or consortia of qualified organizations and institutions, specializing, or demonstrating expertise, in falls or fall prevention, for the purpose of organizing State-level coalitions of appropriate State and local agencies, safety, health, senior citizen, and other organizations to design and carry out local education campaigns, focusing on reducing falls among older adults and preventing repeat falls.
(b) Research
(1) In generalThe Secretary may—
(A) conduct and support research to—
(i) improve the identification of older adults who have a high risk of falling;
(ii) improve data collection and analysis to identify fall risk and protective factors;
(iii) design, implement, and evaluate the most effective fall prevention interventions;
(iv) improve strategies that are proven to be effective in reducing falls by tailoring these strategies to specific populations of older adults;
(v) conduct research in order to maximize the dissemination of proven, effective fall prevention interventions;
(vi) intensify proven interventions to prevent falls among older adults;
(vii) improve the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of elderly fall victims and older adults at high risk for falls; and
(viii) assess the risk of falls occurring in various settings;
(B) conduct research concerning barriers to the adoption of proven interventions with respect to the prevention of falls among older adults;
(C) conduct research to develop, implement, and evaluate the most effective approaches to reducing falls among high-risk older adults living in communities and long-term care and assisted living facilities; and
(D) evaluate the effectiveness of community programs designed to prevent falls among older adults.
(2) Educational support
(c) Demonstration projectsThe Secretary may carry out the following:
(1) Oversee and support demonstration and research projects to be carried out by qualified organizations, institutions, or consortia of qualified organizations and institutions, specializing, or demonstrating expertise, in falls or fall prevention, in the following areas:
(A) A multistate demonstration project assessing the utility of targeted fall risk screening and referral programs.
(B) Programs designed for community-dwelling older adults that utilize multicomponent fall intervention approaches, including physical activity, medication assessment and reduction when possible, vision enhancement, and home modification strategies.
(C) Programs that are targeted to new fall victims who are at a high risk for second falls and which are designed to maximize independence and quality of life for older adults, particularly those older adults with functional limitations.
(D) Private sector and public-private partnerships to develop technologies to prevent falls among older adults and prevent or reduce injuries if falls occur.
(2)
(A) Award grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements to qualified organizations, institutions, or consortia of qualified organizations and institutions, specializing, or demonstrating expertise, in falls or fall prevention, to design, implement, and evaluate fall prevention programs using proven intervention strategies in residential and institutional settings.
(B) Award 1 or more grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements to 1 or more qualified organizations, institutions, or consortia of qualified organizations and institutions, specializing, or demonstrating expertise, in falls or fall prevention, in order to carry out a multistate demonstration project to implement and evaluate fall prevention programs using proven intervention strategies designed for single and multifamily residential settings with high concentrations of older adults, including—
(i) identifying high-risk populations;
(ii) evaluating residential facilities;
(iii) conducting screening to identify high-risk individuals;
(iv) providing fall assessment and risk reduction interventions and counseling;
(v) coordinating services with health care and social service providers; and
(vi) coordinating post-fall treatment and rehabilitation.
(3) Award 1 or more grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements to qualified organizations, institutions, or consortia of qualified organizations and institutions, specializing, or demonstrating expertise, in falls or fall prevention, to conduct evaluations of the effectiveness of the demonstration projects described in this subsection.
(d) Priority
(e) Study of effects of falls on health care costs
(1) In general
(2) Report
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, § 393D, as added Pub. L. 110–202, § 2(2), Apr. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 697.)
§ 280b–2. General provisions
(a) Advisory committee
(b) Technical assistance
(c) Biennial report
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, § 394, formerly § 393, as added Pub. L. 99–649, § 3, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3634; amended Pub. L. 101–558, § 2(c), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2772; Pub. L. 102–531, title III, § 312(d)(5), Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3504; renumbered § 394 and amended Pub. L. 103–183, title II, §§ 201(1), 202, Dec. 14, 1993, 107 Stat. 2231, 2232.)
§ 280b–3. Authorization of appropriations
(a) In general
(b) Traumatic brain injury
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, § 394A, formerly § 394, as added Pub. L. 99–649, § 3, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3634; amended Pub. L. 101–558, § 2(d), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2773; renumbered § 394A and amended Pub. L. 103–183, title II, §§ 201(1), 204, Dec. 14, 1993, 107 Stat. 2231, 2233; Pub. L. 106–310, div. A, title XIII, § 1306, Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1143; Pub. L. 113–196, § 2(b), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2052; Pub. L. 115–377, § 2(2), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5114.)
§ 280b–4. Study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(a) Purposes
(b) Use of funds
(c) Authorization of appropriations
(Pub. L. 109–162, title IV, § 402, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3023; Pub. L. 113–4, title IV, § 401, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 92; Pub. L. 117–103, div. W, title IV, § 401, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 869.)