1. U.S. Code
  2. title 42
  3. chapter 163
  4. subchapter II
  5. part A
  6. § 18938

Collapse to view only § 18938. Sustainable chemistry research and education

§ 18931. Engineering biology and biometrology
(a) In generalThe Director, in coordination with the National Engineering Biology Research and Development Initiative established pursuant to subchapter IV, shall—
(1) support basic measurement science and technology research for engineering biology, biomanufacturing, and biometrology to advance—
(A) measurement technologies to support foundational understanding of the mechanisms of conversion of DNA information into cellular function;
(B) technologies for measurement of such biomolecular components and related systems;
(C) new data tools, techniques, and processes to improve engineering biology, biomanufacturing, and biometrology research; and
(D) other areas of measurement science and technology research determined by the Director to be critical to the development and deployment of engineering biology, biomanufacturing and biometrology;
(2) support activities to inform and expand the development of measurements infrastructure needed to develop technical standards to establish interoperability and facilitate commercial development of biomolecular measurement technology and engineering biology applications;
(3) convene industry, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, Federal laboratories, and other Federal agencies engaged in engineering biology research and development to develop coordinated technical roadmaps for authoritative measurement of the molecular components of the cell;
(4) provide access to user facilities with advanced or unique equipment, services, materials, and other resources to industry, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, and government agencies to perform research and testing;
(5) establish or expand collaborative partnerships or consortia with other Federal agencies engaged in engineering biology research and development, institutions of higher education, Federal laboratories, and industry to advance engineering biology applications; and
(6) support graduate and postgraduate research and training in biometrology, biomanufacturing, and engineering biology.
(b) Rule of construction
(c) Controls
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10221, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1474.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 18931

§ 18932. Greenhouse gas measurement research
(a) In general
(b) ActivitiesIn carrying out such a program, the Director may—
(1) conduct research and testing to improve the accuracy, efficacy, and reliability of the measurement of greenhouse gas emissions at a range of scales that covers direct measurement at the component or process level through atmospheric observations;
(2) conduct research to create novel measurement technologies and techniques for the measurement of greenhouse gas emissions;
(3) convene and engage with relevant Federal agencies and stakeholders to establish common definitions and characterizations for the measurement of greenhouse gas emissions, taking into account any existing United States and international technical standards and guidance;
(4) conduct outreach and coordination to share technical expertise with relevant industry and nonindustry stakeholders and standards development organizations to—
(A) assist such entities in the development and adoption of best practices and technical standards for greenhouse gas emissions measurements; and
(B) promote consistency and traceability in international reference standards and central calibration laboratories;
(5) in coordination with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Secretary of Energy, develop such standard reference materials as the Director determines is necessary to further the development of such technical standards, taking into account any existing United States or international standards;
(6) coordinate with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to ensure data are managed, stewarded, and archived at all levels and promote full and open exchange at Federal and State levels, and with academia, industry, and other users; and
(7) coordinate with international partners, including international standards organizations, to maintain global greenhouse gas measurement technical standards.
(c) Testbeds
(d) Center for Greenhouse Gas Measurements, Standards, and Information
(1) In general
(2) Collaborations
(3) PurposeThe purpose of the Center shall be to—
(A) advance measurement science, data analytics, and modeling at a range of scales that covers direct measurement and estimation at the component or process level through atmospheric observations and at the analysis level to improve the accuracy of spatially and temporally resolved greenhouse gas emissions measurement, validation, and attribution to specific underlying activities and processes;
(B) test and evaluate the performance of existing capabilities, and inform and improve best practices, benchmarks, methodologies, procedures, and technical standards, for the measurement and validation of greenhouse gas emissions at scales noted in subparagraph (A);
(C) educate and train students in measurement science, computational science, and systems engineering research relevant to greenhouse gas emissions measurements;
(D) foster collaboration among academic researchers, private sector stakeholders, and State, Tribal, territorial, and local officials in the use of Institute testbeds as described in subsection (c);
(E) conduct activities with research institutions, industry partners, and State and local officials to identify research, testing, and technical standards needs relevant to greenhouse gas emissions; and
(F) collaborate with other Federal agencies to conduct outreach and coordination to share and promote technical data, tools, and expertise with relevant public and private sector stakeholders, including State, Tribal, territorial, and local officials, to assist such in the accurate measurement of greenhouse gas emissions.
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10222, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1475.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 18932

§ 18933. Software security and authentication
(a) Vulnerabilities in open source software
(b) Artificial intelligence-enabled defenses
(c) Authentication of Institute software
(d) Assistance to Inspectors General
(e) Software supply chain security practices
(1) In general
(2) Outreach
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10224, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1478.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 18933

§ 18934. Biometrics research and testing
(a) In general
The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall establish a program to support measurement research to inform the development of best practices, benchmarks, methodologies, procedures, and voluntary, consensus-based technical standards for biometric identification systems, including facial recognition systems, to assess and improve the performance of such systems. In carrying out such program, the Director may—
(1) conduct measurement research to support efforts to improve the performance of biometric identification systems, including in areas related to conformity assessment, image quality and interoperability, contactless biometric capture technologies, and human-in-the-loop biometric identification systems and processes;
(2) convene and engage with relevant stakeholders to establish common definitions and characterizations for biometric identification systems, which may include accuracy, fairness, bias, privacy, consent, and other properties, taking into account definitions in relevant international technical standards and other publications;
(3) carry out measurement research and testing on a range of biometric modalities, such as fingerprints, voice, iris, face, vein, behavioral biometrics, genetics, multimodal biometrics, and emerging applications of biometric identification technology;
(4) study the use of privacy-enhancing technologies and other technical protective controls to facilitate access, as appropriate, to public data sets for biometric research;
(5) conduct outreach and coordination to share technical expertise with relevant industry and nonindustry stakeholders and standards development organizations to assist such entities in the development of best practices and voluntary technical standards; and
(6) develop such standard reference artifacts as the Director determines is necessary to further the development of such voluntary technical standards.
(b) Biometrics test program
(1) In general
(2) Activities
In carrying out the program under this subsection, the Director shall—
(A) conduct research and regular testing to improve and benchmark the accuracy, efficacy, and bias of biometric identification technologies, which may include research and testing on demographic variations, capture devices, presentation attack detection, partially occluded or computer generated images, privacy and security designs and controls, template protection, de-identification, and comparison of algorithm, human, and combined algorithm-human recognition capability;
(B) develop an approach for testing software and cloud-based biometrics applications, including remote systems, in Institute test facilities;
(C) establish reference use cases for biometric identification technologies and performance criteria for assessing each use case, including accuracy, efficacy, and bias metrics;
(D) produce public-facing reports of the findings from such testing for a general audience;
(E) develop policies and procedures accounting for the legal and social implications of activities under this paragraph when working with a foreign entity of concern (as such term is defined in section 19221 of this title);
(F) establish procedures to prioritize testing of biometrics identification technologies developed by entities headquartered in the United States; and
(G) conduct such other activities as determined necessary by the Director.
(c) GAO report to Congress
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10226, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1479.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 18934

§ 18935. Dissemination of resources for research institutions
(a) Dissemination of resources for research institutions
(1) In general
(2) Requirements
The Director shall ensure that the resources disseminated pursuant to paragraph (1)—
(A) are generally applicable and usable by a wide range of qualifying institutions;
(B) vary with the nature and size of the qualifying institutions, and the nature and sensitivity of the data collected or stored on the information systems or devices of the qualifying institutions;
(C) include elements that promote awareness of simple, basic controls, a workplace cybersecurity culture, and third-party stakeholder relationships, to assist qualifying institutions in mitigating common cybersecurity risks;
(D) include case studies, examples, and scenarios of practical application;
(E) are outcomes-based and can be implemented using a variety of technologies that are commercial and off-the-shelf; and
(F) to the extent practicable, are based on international technical standards.
(3) National cybersecurity awareness and education program
(4) Updates
(5) Voluntary resources
(b) Other Federal cybersecurity requirements
(c) Definitions
In this section:
(1) Qualifying institutions
(2) Resources
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10229, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1481.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 18935

§ 18936. Neutron scattering
(a) Strategic plan for the Institute neutron reactor
The Director shall develop a strategic plan for the future of the NIST Center for Neutron Research after the current neutron reactor is decommissioned, including—
(1) a succession plan for the reactor, including a roadmap with timeline and milestones;
(2) conceptual design of a new reactor and accompanying facilities, as appropriate; and
(3) a plan to minimize disruptions to the user community during the transition.
(b) Coordination with the Department of Energy
(c) Report to Congress
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10231, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1483.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 18936

§ 18937. Artificial intelligence
The Director shall continue to support the development of artificial intelligence and data science, and carry out the activities of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 authorized in division E of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283), including through—
(1) expanding the Institute’s capabilities, including scientific staff and research infrastructure;
(2) supporting measurement research and development for advanced computer chips and hardware designed for artificial intelligence systems;
(3) supporting the development of technical standards and guidelines that promote safe and trustworthy artificial intelligence systems, such as enhancing the accuracy, explainability, privacy, reliability, robustness, safety, security, and mitigation of harmful bias in artificial intelligence systems;
(4) creating a framework for managing risks associated with artificial intelligence systems; and
(5) developing and publishing cybersecurity tools, encryption methods, and best practices for artificial intelligence and data science.
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10232(a), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1484.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 18937

§ 18938. Sustainable chemistry research and education

In accordance with section 9303 of title 15, the Director shall carry out activities in support of sustainable chemistry, including coordinating and partnering with academia, industry, nonprofit organizations, and other entities in activities to support clean, safe, and economic alternatives, technologies, and methodologies to traditional chemical products and processes.

(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10233, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1484.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 18938

§ 18939. Premise plumbing research
(a) In general
The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall create a program, in consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency, for premise plumbing research, including to—
(1) conduct metrology research on premise plumbing in relation to water safety, security, efficiency, sustainability, and resilience; and
(2) coordinate research activities with academia, the private sector, nonprofit organizations, and other Federal agencies.
(b) Definitions
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10234, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1485.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 18939

§ 18940. Dr. David Satcher Cybersecurity Education Grant Program
(a) Authorization of grants
(1) In general
Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Director shall carry out the Dr. David Satcher Cybersecurity Education Grant Program by—
(A) awarding grants to assist institutions of higher education that have an enrollment of needy students, historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal Colleges and Universities, and minority-serving institutions, to establish or expand cybersecurity programs, to build and upgrade institutional capacity to better support new or existing cybersecurity programs, including cybersecurity partnerships with public and private entities, and to support such institutions on the path to producing qualified entrants in the cybersecurity workforce or becoming a National Center of Academic Excellence in Cybersecurity; and
(B) awarding grants to build capacity at institutions of higher education that have an enrollment of needy students, historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal Colleges and Universities, and minority-serving institutions, to expand cybersecurity education opportunities, cybersecurity programs, cybersecurity research, and cybersecurity partnerships with public and private entities.
(2) Reservation
(3) Coordination
(4) Sunset
(b) Applications
(c) Activities
An eligible institution that receives a grant under this section may use the funds awarded through such grant for increasing research, education, technical, partnership, and innovation capacity, including for—
(1) building and upgrading institutional capacity to better support new or existing cybersecurity programs, including cybersecurity partnerships with public and private entities;
(2) building and upgrading institutional capacity to provide hands-on research and training experiences for undergraduate and graduate students; and
(3) outreach and recruitment to ensure students are aware of such new or existing cybersecurity programs, including cybersecurity partnerships with public and private entities.
(d) Reporting requirements
Not later than—
(1) one year after the effective date of this section, as provided in subsection (f), and annually thereafter until the Director submits the report under paragraph (2), the Director shall prepare and submit to Congress a report on the status and progress of implementation of the grant program under this section, including on the number and demographics of institutions participating, the number and nature of students served by cybersecurity programs at institutions receiving grants, as well as the number of certificates or degrees awarded through such cybersecurity programs, the level of funding provided to grant recipients, the types of activities being funded by the grants program, and plans for future implementation and development; and
(2) five years after the effective date of this section, as provided in subsection (f), the Director shall prepare and submit to Congress a report on the status of cybersecurity education programming and capacity-building at institutions receiving grants under this section, including changes in the scale and scope of these programs, associated facilities, or in accreditation status, and on the educational and employment outcomes of students participating in cybersecurity programs that have received support under this section.
(e) Performance metrics
(f) Effective date
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10235, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1485.)

CITE AS: 42 USC 18940