Collapse to view only § 7401. Appointments in Veterans Health Administration
- § 7401. Appointments in Veterans Health Administration
- § 7402. Qualifications of appointees
- § 7403. Period of appointments; promotions
- § 7404. Grades and pay scales
- § 7404A. Awards
- § 7405. Temporary full-time appointments, part-time appointments, and without-compensation appointments
- § 7406. Residencies and internships
- § 7407. Administrative provisions for section 7405 and 7406 appointments
- § 7408. Appointment of additional employees
- § 7409. Contracts for scarce medical specialist services
- § 7410. Additional pay authorities
- § 7411. Full-time board-certified physicians and dentists: reimbursement of continuing professional education expenses
- § 7412. Annual determination of staffing shortages; recruitment and appointment for needed occupations
- § 7413. Treatment of podiatrists; clinical oversight standards
- § 7414. Compliance with requirements for examining qualifications and clinical abilities of health care professionals
§ 7401. Appointments in Veterans Health AdministrationThere may be appointed by the Secretary such personnel as the Secretary may find necessary for the health care of veterans (in addition to those in the Office of the Under Secretary for Health appointed under section 7306 of this title), as follows:
(1) Physicians, dentists, podiatrists, chiropractors, optometrists, registered nurses, physician assistants, and expanded-function dental auxiliaries.
(2) Scientific and professional personnel, such as microbiologists, chemists, and biostatisticians.
(3) Audiologists, licensed hearing aid specialists, speech pathologists, and audiologist-speech pathologists, biomedical engineers, certified or registered respiratory therapists, dietitians, licensed physical therapists, licensed practical or vocational nurses, nurse assistants, medical instrument technicians, medical records administrators or specialists, medical records technicians, medical technologists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, nuclear medicine technologists, occupational therapists, occupational therapy assistants, kinesiotherapists, orthotist-prosthetists, pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, physical therapy assistants, prosthetic representatives, psychologists, diagnostic radiologic technologists, therapeutic radiologic technologists, social workers, marriage and family therapists, licensed professional mental health counselors, blind rehabilitation specialists, blind rehabilitation outpatient specialists, statisticians, economists, informaticists, data scientists, and and 1
1 So in original.
such other classes of health care occupations as the Secretary considers necessary for the recruitment and retention needs of the Department subject to the following requirements:(A) Such other classes of health care occupations—
(i) are not occupations relating to administrative, clerical, or physical plant maintenance and protective services;
(ii) would otherwise receive basic pay in accordance with the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5;
(iii) provide, as determined by the Secretary, direct patient care services or services incident to direct patient services; and
(iv) would not otherwise be available to provide medical care or treatment for veterans.
(B) Not later than 45 days before the Secretary appoints any personnel for a class of health care occupations that is not specifically listed in this paragraph, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs of the House of Representatives, and the Office of Management and Budget notice of such appointment.
(C) Before submitting notice under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall solicit comments from any labor organization representing employees in such class and include such comments in such notice.
(4) Directors of medical centers and directors of Veterans Integrated Service Networks with demonstrated ability in the medical profession, in health care administration, or in health care fiscal management.
(Added Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, § 401(b)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 222; amended Pub. L. 102–405, title III, § 302(c)(1), Oct. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 1984; Pub. L. 108–170, title III, §§ 301(a)(1), 302(a), Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2054, 2057; Pub. L. 108–422, title V, § 502, Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2396; Pub. L. 109–461, title II, § 201(a), Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3409; Pub. L. 111–163, title VI, § 601(a), May 5, 2010, 124 Stat. 1167; Pub. L. 114–58, title VI, § 601(23), Sept. 30, 2015, 129 Stat. 539; Pub. L. 114–256, § 4(a)(1), Dec. 14, 2016, 130 Stat. 1347; Pub. L. 115–41, title II, § 207(a), June 23, 2017, 131 Stat. 877; Pub. L. 117–328, div. U, title I, § 183, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5436.)
§ 7402. Qualifications of appointees
(a) To be eligible for appointment to the positions in the Administration covered by subsection (b), a person must have the applicable qualifications set forth in that subsection.
(b)
(1)Physician.—To be eligible to be appointed to a physician position, a person must—
(A) hold the degree of doctor of medicine or of doctor of osteopathy from a college or university approved by the Secretary,
(B) have completed an internship satisfactory to the Secretary, and
(C) be licensed to practice medicine, surgery, or osteopathy in a State.
(2)Dentist.—To be eligible to be appointed to a dentist position, a person must—
(A) hold the degree of doctor of dental surgery or dental medicine from a college or university approved by the Secretary, and
(B) be licensed to practice dentistry in a State.
(3)Nurse.—To be eligible to be appointed to a nurse position, a person must—
(A) have successfully completed a full course of nursing in a recognized school of nursing, approved by the Secretary, and
(B) be registered as a graduate nurse in a State.
(4)Director of a Hospital, Domiciliary, Center, or Outpatient Clinic.—To be eligible to be appointed to a director position, a person must have such business and administrative experience and qualifications as the Secretary shall prescribe.
(5)Podiatrist.—To be eligible to be appointed to a podiatrist position, a person must—
(A) hold the degree of doctor of podiatric medicine, or its equivalent, from a school of podiatric medicine approved by the Secretary, and
(B) be licensed to practice podiatry in a State.
(6)Optometrist.—To be eligible to be appointed to an optometrist position, a person must—
(A) hold the degree of doctor of optometry, or its equivalent, from a school of optometry approved by the Secretary, and
(B) be licensed to practice optometry in a State.
(7)Pharmacist.—To be eligible to be appointed to a pharmacist position, a person must—
(A) hold the degree of bachelor of science in pharmacy, or its equivalent, from a school of pharmacy, approved by the Secretary, and
(B) be registered as a pharmacist in a State.
(8)Psychologist.—To be eligible to be appointed to a psychologist position, a person must—
(A) hold a doctoral degree in psychology from a college or university approved by the Secretary,
(B) have completed study for such degree in a specialty area of psychology and an internship which are satisfactory to the Secretary, and
(C) be licensed or certified as a psychologist in a State, except that the Secretary may waive the requirement of licensure or certification for an individual psychologist for a period not to exceed two years on the condition that that psychologist provide patient care only under the direct supervision of a psychologist who is so licensed or certified.
(9)Social Worker.—To be eligible to be appointed to a social worker position, a person must—
(A) hold a master’s degree in social work from a college or university approved by the Secretary; and
(B) be licensed or certified to independently practice social work in a State, except that the Secretary may waive the requirement of licensure or certification for an individual social worker for a reasonable period of time recommended by the Under Secretary for Health.
(10)Marriage and Family Therapist.—To be eligible to be appointed to a marriage and family therapist position, a person must—
(A) hold a master’s degree in marriage and family therapy, or a comparable degree in mental health, from a college or university approved by the Secretary; and
(B) be licensed or certified to independently practice marriage and family therapy in a State, except that the Secretary may waive the requirement of licensure or certification for an individual marriage and family therapist for a reasonable period of time recommended by the Under Secretary for Health.
(11)Licensed Professional Mental Health Counselor.—To be eligible to be appointed to a licensed professional mental health counselor position, a person must—
(A) hold a master’s degree or doctoral degree in mental health counseling, or a related field, from a college or university approved by the Secretary; and
(B) be licensed or certified to independently practice mental health counseling.
(12)Chiropractor.—To be eligible to be appointed to a chiropractor position, a person must—
(A) hold the degree of doctor of chiropractic, or its equivalent, from a college of chiropractic approved by the Secretary; and
(B) be licensed to practice chiropractic in a State.
(13) Peer Specialist.—To be eligible to be appointed to a peer specialist position, a person must—
(A) be a veteran who has recovered or is recovering from a mental health condition; and
(B) be certified by—
(i) a not-for-profit entity engaged in peer specialist training as having met such criteria as the Secretary shall establish for a peer specialist position; or
(ii) a State as having satisfied relevant State requirements for a peer specialist position.
(14)Other Health-Care Positions.—To be appointed as a physician assistant, expanded-function dental auxiliary, certified or registered respiratory therapist, licensed physical therapist, licensed practical or vocational nurse, occupational therapist, dietitian, microbiologist, chemist, biostatistician, medical technologist, dental technologist, hearing aid specialist, or other position, a person must have such medical, dental, scientific, or technical qualifications as the Secretary shall prescribe.
(c) Except as provided in section 7407(a) of this title, a person may not be appointed in the Administration to a position listed in section 7401(1) of this title unless the person is a citizen of the United States., a person may not be appointed in the Administration to a position listed in
(d) A person may not be appointed under section 7401(1) of this title to serve in the Administration in any direct patient-care capacity unless the Under Secretary for Health determines that the person possesses such basic proficiency in spoken and written English as will permit such degree of communication with patients and other health-care personnel as will enable the person to carry out the person’s health-care responsibilities satisfactorily. Any determination by the Under Secretary for Health under this subsection shall be in accordance with regulations which the Secretary shall prescribe.
(e) A person may not serve as Chief of Staff of a Department health-care facility if the person is not serving on a full-time basis.
(f) A person may not be employed in a position under subsection (b) (other than under paragraph (4) of that subsection) if—
(1) the person is or has been licensed, registered, or certified (as applicable to such position) in more than one State; and
(2) either—
(A) any of those States has terminated such license, registration, or certification for cause; or
(B) the person has voluntarily relinquished such license, registration, or certification in any of those States after being notified in writing by that State of potential termination for cause.
(g) The Secretary may enter into contracts with not-for-profit entities to provide—
(1) peer specialist training to veterans; and
(2) certification for veterans under subsection (b)(13)(B)(i).
(Added Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, § 401(b)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 222; amended Pub. L. 102–86, title III, § 305(a), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 102–405, title III, § 302(c)(1), Oct. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 1984; Pub. L. 106–117, title II, § 209, Nov. 30, 1999, 113 Stat. 1569; Pub. L. 106–419, title II, § 205, Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1842; Pub. L. 108–170, title III, § 302(b), Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2058; Pub. L. 109–461, title II, § 201(b), Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3409; Pub. L. 110–387, title IV, § 405, Oct. 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 4129; Pub. L. 114–256, § 4(a)(2), Dec. 14, 2016, 130 Stat. 1347; Pub. L. 114–315, title VI, § 613, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1576.)
§ 7403. Period of appointments; promotions
(a)
(1) Appointments under this chapter of health-care professionals to whom this section applies may be made only after qualifications have been satisfactorily established in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary, without regard to civil-service requirements.
(2) This section applies to the following persons appointed under this chapter:
(A) Physicians.
(B) Dentists.
(C) Podiatrists.
(D) Optometrists.
(E) Nurses.
(F) Physician assistants.
(G) Expanded-function dental auxiliaries.
(H) Chiropractors.
(b)
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, appointments described in subsection (a) shall be for a probationary period of two years.
(2) With respect to the appointment of a registered nurse under this chapter, paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to such appointment regardless of whether such appointment is on a full-time basis or a part-time basis.
(3) An appointment described in subsection (a) on a part-time basis of a person who has previously served on a full-time basis for the probationary period for the position concerned shall be without a probationary period.
(4) The record of each person serving under such an appointment in the Medical, Dental, and Nursing Services shall be reviewed from time to time by a board, appointed in accordance with regulations of the Secretary. If such a board finds that such person is not fully qualified and satisfactory, such person shall be separated from the service.
(c) Promotions of persons to whom this section applies shall be made only after examination given in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary. Advancement within grade may be made in increments of the minimum rate of basic pay of the grade in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(d) In determining eligibility for reinstatement in the Federal civil service of persons appointed to positions in the Administration under this chapter who at the time of appointment have a civil-service status, and whose employment in the Administration is terminated, the period of service performed in the Administration shall be included in computing the period of service under applicable civil-service rules and regulations.
(e) In accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the grade and annual rate of basic pay of a person to whom this section applies whose level of assignment is changed from a level of assignment in which the grade level is based on both the nature of the assignment and personal qualifications may be adjusted to the grade and annual rate of basic pay otherwise appropriate.
(f)
(1) Upon the recommendation of the Under Secretary for Health, the Secretary may—
(A) use the authority in subsection (a) to establish the qualifications for and (subject to paragraph (2)) to appoint individuals to positions listed in section 7401(3) of this title; and
(B) use the authority provided in subsection (c) for the promotion and advancement of Department employees serving in such positions.
(2) In using such authority to appoint individuals to such positions, the Secretary shall apply the principles of preference for the hiring of veterans and other persons established in subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 5.
(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title or other law, all matters relating to adverse actions, reductions-in-force, the applicability of the principles of preference referred to in paragraph (2), rights of part-time employees, disciplinary actions, and grievance procedures involving individuals appointed to such positions, whether appointed under this section or section 7405(a)(1)(B) of this title (including similar actions and procedures involving an employee in a probationary status), shall be resolved under the provisions of title 5 as though such individuals had been appointed under that title.
(g)
(1) The Secretary may appoint in the competitive civil service without regard to the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 5 (other than sections 3303 and 3328 of such title) an individual who—
(A) has a recognized degree or certificate from an accredited institution in a health-care profession or occupation; and
(B) has successfully completed a clinical education program affiliated with the Department.
(2) In using the authority provided by this subsection, the Secretary shall apply the principles of preference for the hiring of veterans and other persons established in subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 5.
(h)
(1) If the Secretary uses the authority provided in subsection (c) for the promotion and advancement of an occupational category of employees described in section 7401(3) of this title, as authorized by subsection (f)(1)(B), the Secretary shall do so through one or more systems prescribed by the Secretary. Each such system shall be planned, developed, and implemented in collaboration with, and with the participation of, exclusive employee representatives of such occupational category of employees.
(2)
(A) Before prescribing a system of promotion and advancement of an occupational category of employees under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall provide to exclusive employee representatives of such occupational category of employees a written description of the proposed system.
(B) Not later than 30 days after receipt of the description of a proposed system under subparagraph (A), exclusive employee representatives may submit to the Secretary the recommendations, if any, of such exclusive employee representatives with respect to the proposed system.
(C) The Secretary shall give full and fair consideration to any recommendations received under subparagraph (B) in deciding whether and how to proceed with a proposed system.
(3) The Secretary shall implement immediately any part of a system of promotion and advancement under paragraph (1) that is proposed under paragraph (2) for which the Secretary receives no recommendations from exclusive employee representatives under paragraph (2).
(4) If the Secretary receives recommendations under paragraph (2) from exclusive employee representatives on any part of a proposed system of promotion and advancement under that paragraph, the Secretary shall determine whether or not to accept the recommendations, either in whole or in part. If the Secretary determines not to accept all or part of the recommendations, the Secretary shall—
(A) notify the congressional veterans’ affairs committees of the recommendations and of the portion of the recommendations that the Secretary has determined not to accept;
(B) meet and confer with such exclusive employee representatives, for a period not less than 30 days, for purposes of attempting to reach an agreement on whether and how to proceed with the portion of the recommendations that the Secretary has determined not to accept;
(C) at the election of the Secretary, or of a majority of such exclusive employee representatives who are participating in negotiations on such matter, employ the services of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service during the period referred to in subparagraph (B) for purposes of reaching such agreement; and
(D)
(i) notify the congressional veterans’ affairs committees of such determinations, identify for such committees the portions of the recommendations that the Secretary has determined not to accept, and provide such committees an explanation and justification for determining to implement the part of the system subject to such portions of the recommendations without regard to such portions of the recommendations; and
(ii) commencing not earlier than 30 days after notice under clause (i), implement the part of the system subject to the recommendations that the Secretary has determined not to accept without regard to those recommendations.
(5) If the Secretary and exclusive employee representatives reach an agreement under paragraph (4) providing for the resolution of a disagreement on one or more portions of the recommendations that the Secretary had determined not to accept under that paragraph, the Secretary shall immediately implement such resolution.
(6) In implementing a system of promotion and advancement under this subsection, the Secretary shall—
(A) develop and implement mechanisms to permit exclusive employee representatives to participate in the periodic review and evaluation of the system, including peer review, and in any further planning or development required with respect to the system as a result of such review and evaluation; and
(B) provide exclusive employee representatives appropriate access to information to ensure that the participation of such exclusive employee representative in activities under subparagraph (A) is productive.
(7)
(A) The Secretary may from time to time modify a system of promotion and advancement under this subsection.
(B) In modifying a system, the Secretary shall take into account any recommendations made by the exclusive employee representatives concerned.
(C) In modifying a system, the Secretary shall comply with paragraphs (2) through (5) and shall treat any proposal for the modification of a system as a proposal for a system for purposes of such paragraphs.
(D) The Secretary shall promptly submit to the congressional veterans’ affairs committees a report on any modification of a system. Each report shall include—
(i) an explanation and justification of the modification; and
(ii) a description of any recommendations of exclusive employee representatives with respect to the modification and a statement whether or not the modification was revised in light of such recommendations.
(8) In the case of employees who are not within a unit with respect to which a labor organization is accorded exclusive recognition, the Secretary may develop procedures for input from representatives under this subsection from any appropriate organization that represents a substantial percentage of such employees or, if none, in such other manner as the Secretary considers appropriate, consistent with the purposes of this subsection.
(9) In this subsection, the term “congressional veterans’ affairs committees” means the Committees on Veterans’ Affairs of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
(Added Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, § 401(b)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 224; amended Pub. L. 102–405, title III, § 302(c)(1), Oct. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 1984; Pub. L. 108–170, title III, §§ 301(b), 302(c), Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2055, 2058; Pub. L. 111–163, title VI, § 601(b), May 5, 2010, 124 Stat. 1168.)
§ 7404. Grades and pay scales
(a)
(1)
(A) The annual rates or ranges of rates of basic pay for positions provided in section 1
1 So in original. Probably should be “sections”.
7306 and 7401(4) of this title shall be prescribed from time to time by Executive order as authorized by chapter 53 of title 5 or as otherwise authorized by law.(B)Section 5377 of title 5 shall apply to a position under section 7306 or 7401(4) of this title as if such position were included in the definition of “position” in section 5377(a) of title 5.
(2)
(A) The pay of physicians, podiatrists, and dentists serving in positions to which an Executive order applies under paragraph (1) shall be determined under subchapter III of this chapter instead of such Executive order.
(B) The basic pay of registered nurses and physician assistants serving in positions to which an Executive order applies under paragraph (1) may be determined under subchapter IV of this chapter instead of such Executive order. Such positions shall not otherwise be covered by such subchapter, except with respect to bonuses under section 7452 or 7458 or special pay under subsection (g) of such section 7452.
(3)
(A) The rate of basic pay for a position to which an Executive order applies under paragraph (1) and is not described by paragraph (2) shall be set in accordance with section 5382 of title 5 as if such position were a Senior Executive Service position (as such term is defined in section 3132(a) of title 5).
(B) A rate of basic pay for a position may not be set under subparagraph (A) in excess of—
(i) in the case the position is not described in clause (ii), the rate of basic pay payable for level III of the Executive Schedule; or
(ii) in the case that the position is covered by a performance appraisal system that meets the certification criteria established by regulation under section 5307(d) of title 5, the rate of basic pay payable for level II of the Executive Schedule.
(C) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (d) of section 5307 of title 5, the Secretary may make any certification under that subsection instead of the Office of Personnel Management and without concurrence of the Office of Management and Budget.
(b) The grades for positions provided for in paragraph (1) of section 7401 of this title shall be as follows. The annual ranges of rates of basic pay for those grades shall be prescribed from time to time by Executive order as authorized by chapter 53 of title 5 or as otherwise authorized by law:
physician and surgeon (md/do), podiatrist (dpm), and dentist and oral surgeon (dds, dmd) schedule
Physician and surgeon grade.
Podiatrist grade.
Dentist grade.
nurse schedule
Nurse V.
Nurse IV.
Nurse III.
Nurse II.
Nurse I.
clinical chiropractor and optometrist schedule
Chief grade.
Senior grade.
Intermediate grade.
Full grade.
Associate grade.
(c)
(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 7425(a) of this title, a person appointed under section 7306 or 7401(4) of this title or in a covered executive position under section 7401(1) of this title shall be deemed to be a career appointee for the purposes of section 4507 of title 5.
(2) In this subsection, the term “covered executive position” means a position that the Secretary has determined is of equivalent rank to a Senior Executive Service position (as such term is defined in section 3132(a) of title 5) and is subject to an agency performance management system.
(d) Except as provided under subsection (e), subchapter III, and section 7457 of this title, and except for individuals appointed under sections 7401(4) and 7306 of this title, pay for positions for which basic pay is paid under this section may not be paid at a rate in excess of the rate of basic pay authorized by section 5316 of title 5 for positions in Level V of the Executive Schedule.
(e) The position of Chief Nursing Officer, Office of Nursing Services, shall be exempt from the provisions of section 7451 of this title and shall be paid basic pay at a rate determined by the Secretary, not to exceed the maximum rates established under subchapter IV of this chapter.
(Added Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, § 401(b)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 225; amended Pub. L. 102–405, title II, § 206, title III, § 302(c)(1), Oct. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 1984; Pub. L. 102–585, title III, § 301(a), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 4951; Pub. L. 108–170, title III, § 302(d), Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2058; Pub. L. 108–445, § 3(a), (f), Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2636, 2643; Pub. L. 109–461, title II, § 202, Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3410; Pub. L. 111–163, title VI, § 601(d)(1), May 5, 2010, 124 Stat. 1169; Pub. L. 115–41, title II, § 207(b), June 23, 2017, 131 Stat. 877; Pub. L. 115–182, title V, § 502(b)(1), June 6, 2018, 132 Stat. 1475; Pub. L. 116–12, § 1(a), Apr. 8, 2019, 133 Stat. 845; Pub. L. 116–146, § 1(a), July 2, 2020, 134 Stat. 658; Pub. L. 117–96, § 1(b), Mar. 14, 2022, 136 Stat. 34; Pub. L. 117–103, div. S, title I, § 102(b), Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 822; Pub. L. 117–168, title IX, §§ 904(b), 906(a), Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1811.)
§ 7404A. Awards
(a)Superior Accomplishments and Performance Awards Program.—The Secretary may establish an awards program for personnel listed in section 7421(b) of this title consistent with chapter 45 of title 5, to the extent practicable.
(b)Executive Performance Awards Program.—Notwithstanding section 7425 of this title or any other provision of law, the Secretary may establish a performance awards program consistent with section 5384 of title 5 for—
(1) personnel appointed under section 7401(1) of this title for a position that the Secretary has determined is of equivalent rank to a Senior Executive Service position (as such term is defined in section 3132(a) of title 5) and is subject to an agency performance management system; and
(2) personnel appointed under section 7306 or 7401(4) of this title.
(c)Payment of Awards.—Awards under this section may be paid based on criteria established by the Secretary and shall not be considered in calculating the limitation under section 7431(e)(4) of this title.
(d)Not Considered Basic Pay.—Awards under this section shall not be considered basic pay for any purpose.
(e)Regulations.—The Secretary may prescribe regulations for the administration of this section.
(Added Pub. L. 117–168, title IX, § 906(b)(1), Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1812.)
§ 7405. Temporary full-time appointments, part-time appointments, and without-compensation appointments
(a) The Secretary, upon the recommendation of the Under Secretary for Health, may employ, without regard to civil service or classification laws, rules, or regulations, personnel as follows:
(1) On a temporary full-time basis, part-time basis, or without compensation basis, persons in the following positions:
(A) Positions listed in section 7401(1) of this title.
(B) Positions listed in section 7401(3) of this title.
(C) Librarians.
(D) Other professional, clerical, technical, and unskilled personnel (including interns, residents, trainees, and students in medical support programs).
(2) On a fee basis, persons in the following positions:
(A) Positions listed in section 7401(1) of this title.
(B) Positions listed in section 7401(3) of this title.
(C) Other professional and technical personnel.
(b) Personnel employed under subsection (a)—
(1) shall be in addition to personnel described in section 7306, paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 7401, and section 7408 of this title; and
(2) shall be paid such rates of pay as the Secretary may prescribe.
(c)
(1) Temporary full-time appointments under this section of persons in positions listed in paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 7401 of this title may be for a period in excess of 90 days only if the Under Secretary for Health finds that circumstances render it impracticable to obtain the necessary services through appointments under that section.
(2) A temporary full-time appointment may not be made for a period in excess of two years in the case of a person who—
(A) has successfully completed—
(i) a full course of nursing in a recognized school of nursing, approved by the Secretary; or
(ii) a full course of training for any category of personnel described in paragraph (3) of section 7401 of this title, or as a physician assistant, in a recognized education or training institution approved by the Secretary; and
(B) is pending registration or licensure in a State or certification by a national board recognized by the Secretary.
(3)
(A) Temporary full-time appointments of persons in positions referred to in subsection (a)(1)(D) shall not exceed three years.
(B) Temporary full-time appointments under this paragraph may be renewed for one or more additional periods not in excess of three years each.
(4) Temporary full-time appointments of other personnel may not be for a period in excess of one year except as authorized in subsection (f).
(d) A part-time appointment may not be for a period of more than one year, except for appointments of persons specified in subsection (a)(1)(A) and interns, residents, and other trainees in medical support programs and except as authorized in subsection (f).
(e) A student who has a temporary appointment under this section and who is pursuing a full course of nursing in a recognized school of nursing approved by the Secretary, or who is pursuing a full course of training for any category of personnel described in paragraph (3) of section 7401 of this title in a recognized education or training institution approved by the Secretary, may be reappointed for a period not to exceed the duration of the student’s academic program.
(f) During any period during which the Secretary is exercising the authority provided in subsections (a) and (f)(1) of section 7403 of this title in connection with the appointment, under paragraph (3) of section 7401 of this title, of personnel in a category of personnel described in such paragraph—
(1) the Secretary may make temporary full-time appointments of personnel in such category for periods exceeding 90 days if the Under Secretary for Health finds that circumstances render it impractical to obtain the necessary services through appointments under paragraph (3) of section 7401 of this title; and
(2) part-time appointments of personnel in such category may be for periods of more than one year.
(g)
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (3), employment of a registered nurse on a temporary part-time basis under subsection (a)(1) shall be for a probationary period of two years.
(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), upon completion by a registered nurse of the probationary period described in paragraph (1)—
(A) the employment of such nurse shall—
(i) no longer be considered temporary; and
(ii) be considered an appointment described in section 7403(a) of this title; and
(B) the nurse shall be considered to have served the probationary period required by section 7403(b).
(3) This subsection shall not apply to appointments made on a term limited basis of less than or equal to three years of—
(A) nurses with a part-time appointment resulting from an academic affiliation or teaching position in a nursing academy of the Department;
(B) nurses appointed as a result of a specific research proposal or grant; or
(C) nurses who are not citizens of the United States and appointed under section 7407(a) of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, § 401(b)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 226; amended Pub. L. 102–405, title III, § 302(c)(1), Oct. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 1984; Pub. L. 106–419, title II, § 204, Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1842; Pub. L. 108–170, title III, § 301(c), Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2057; Pub. L. 111–163, title VI, § 601(c), May 5, 2010, 124 Stat. 1168.)
§ 7406. Residencies and internships
(a)
(1) The Secretary may establish residencies and internships. The Secretary may appoint qualified persons to such positions without regard to civil service or classification laws, rules, or regulations.
(2) For the purposes of this section:
(A) The term “internship” includes the equivalency of an internship as determined in accordance with regulations which the Secretary shall prescribe.
(B) The term “intern” means a person serving an internship.
(b) The Secretary may prescribe the conditions of employment of persons appointed under this section, including necessary training, and the customary amount and terms of pay for such positions during the period of such employment and training. The amount and terms of such pay may be established retroactively based on changes in such customary amount and terms.
(c)
(1) In order to carry out more efficiently the provisions of subsection (a)(1), the Secretary may contract with one or more hospitals, medical schools, or medical installations having hospital facilities and participating with the Department in the training of interns or residents to provide, by the designation of one such institution to serve as a central administrative agency, for the central administration—
(A) of stipend payments;
(B) provision of fringe benefits; and
(C) maintenance of records for such interns and residents.
(2) The Secretary may pay to such designated agency, without regard to any other law or regulation governing the expenditure of Government moneys either in advance or in arrears, an amount to cover the cost for the period such intern or resident serves in a Department facility furnishing hospital care or medical services of—
(A) stipends fixed by the Secretary pursuant to paragraph (1);
(B) hospitalization, medical care, and life insurance and any other employee benefits as are agreed upon by the participating institutions for the period that such intern or resident serves in a Department facility furnishing hospital care or medical services;
(C) tax on employers pursuant to chapter 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, where applicable; and
(D) an amount to cover a pro rata share of the cost of expense of such central administrative agency.
(3)
(A) Any amounts paid by the Secretary to such central administrative agency to cover the cost of hospitalization, medical care, or life insurance or other employee benefits shall be in lieu of any benefits of like nature to which such intern or resident may be entitled under the provisions of title 5, and the acceptance of stipends and employee benefits from the designated central administrative agency shall constitute a waiver by the recipient of any claim such recipient might have to any payment of stipends or employee benefits to which such recipient may be entitled under this title or title 5.
(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), any period of service of any such intern or resident in a Department facility furnishing hospital care or medical services shall be deemed creditable service for the purposes of section 8332 of title 5.
(4) The agreement with such central administrative agency may further provide that the designated central administrative agency shall—
(A) make all appropriate deductions from the stipend of each intern and resident for local, State, and Federal taxes;
(B) maintain all records pertinent to such deductions and make proper deposits of such deductions; and
(C) maintain all records pertinent to the leave accrued by such intern and resident for the period during which such recipient serves in a participating facility, including a Department facility furnishing hospital care or medical services.
(5) Leave described in paragraph (4)(C) may be pooled, and the intern or resident may be afforded leave by the facility in which such person is serving at the time the leave is to be used to the extent of such person’s total accumulated leave, whether or not earned at the facility in which such person is serving at the time the leave is to be afforded.
(Added Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, § 401(b)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 227; amended Pub. L. 104–262, title III, § 345, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3208.)
§ 7407. Administrative provisions for section 7405 and 7406 appointments
(a) When the Under Secretary for Health determines that it is not possible to recruit qualified citizens for the necessary services, appointments under sections 7405 and 7406 of this title may be made without regard to the citizenship requirements of section 7402(c) of this title or of any other law prohibiting the employment of, or payment of compensation to, a person who is not a citizen of the United States.
(b)
(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the Under Secretary for Health may waive for the purpose of the appointment of an individual under section 7405 or 7406 of this title the requirements set forth in section 7402(b) of this title—
(A) that a physician, dentist, psychologist, optometrist, registered nurse, practical or vocational nurse, or physical therapist be licensed or certified, as appropriate;
(B) that the licensure or certification of such an individual be in a State; and
(C) that a psychologist have completed an internship.
(2) The waivers authorized in paragraph (1) may be granted—
(A) in the case of clauses (A) and (C) of such paragraph, if the individual (i) will be employed to conduct research or serve in an academic position, and (ii) will have no responsibility for furnishing direct patient care services; and
(B) in the case of clause (B) of such paragraph, if the individual will be employed to serve in a country other than the United States and the individual’s licensure or registration is in the country in which the individual is to serve.
(c) The program of training prescribed by the Secretary in order to qualify a person for the position of full-time physician assistant or expanded-function dental auxiliary shall be considered a full-time institutional program for purposes of chapter 34 of this title. The Secretary may consider training for such a position to be on a less than full-time basis for purposes of such chapter when the combined classroom (and other formal instruction) portion of the program and the on-the-job training portion of the program total less than 30 hours per week.
(d) A person may not be appointed under section 7405 or 7406 of this title to an occupational category described in section 7401(1) of this title or in section 7406 of this title unless the person meets the requirements established in section 7402(d) of this title and regulations prescribed under that section.
(e) In accordance with the provisions of section 7425(b) of this title, the provisions of chapter 34 of title 5 pertaining to part-time career employment shall not apply to part-time appointments under sections 7405 and 7406 of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, § 401(b)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 228; amended Pub. L. 102–405, title III, § 302(c)(1), Oct. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 1984.)
§ 7408. Appointment of additional employees
(a) There shall be appointed by the Secretary under civil service laws, rules, and regulations, such additional employees, other than those provided in section 7306 and paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 7401 of this title and those specified in sections 7405 and 7406 of this title, as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.
(b) The Secretary, after considering an individual’s existing pay, higher or unique qualifications, or the special needs of the Department, may appoint the individual to a position in the Administration providing direct patient-care services or services incident to direct patient-services at a rate of pay above the minimum rate of the appropriate grade.
(Added Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, § 401(b)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 229; amended Pub. L. 103–446, title XII, § 1201(e)(21), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4686.)
§ 7409. Contracts for scarce medical specialist services
(a) The Secretary may enter into contracts with institutions and persons described in subsection (b) to provide scarce medical specialist services at Department facilities. Such services may include the services of physicians, dentists, podiatrists, optometrists, chiropractors, nurses, physician assistants, expanded-function dental auxiliaries, technicians, and other medical support personnel.
(b) Institutions and persons with whom the Secretary may enter into contracts under subsection (a) are the following:
(1) Schools and colleges of medicine, osteopathy, dentistry, podiatry, optometry, and nursing.
(2) Clinics.
(3) Any other group or individual capable of furnishing such scarce medical specialist services.
(Added Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, § 401(b)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 229; amended Pub. L. 108–170, title III, § 302(f), Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2058.)
§ 7410. Additional pay authorities
(a)In General.—
(1) The Secretary may authorize the Under Secretary for Health to pay advance payments, recruitment or relocation bonuses, and retention allowances to personnel appointed under section 7306 of this title or section 7401(4) of this title, or personnel described in section 7401(1) of this title,,1
1 So in original.
or interview expenses to candidates for appointment as such personnel, in a manner consistent with the authority provided under sections 5524a, 5706b, 5753, and 5754 of title 5.(2) Payments under paragraph (1) shall not be considered in calculating the limitation under section 7431(e)(4) of this title.
(b)Special Incentive Pay for Department Pharmacist Executives.—
(1) In order to recruit and retain highly qualified Department pharmacist executives, the Secretary may authorize the Under Secretary for Health to pay special incentive pay of not more than $40,000 per year to an individual of the Veterans Health Administration who is a pharmacist executive.
(2) In determining whether and how much special pay to provide to such individual, the Under Secretary shall consider the following:
(A) The grade and step of the position of the individual.
(B) The scope and complexity of the position of the individual.
(C) The personal qualifications of the individual.
(D) The characteristics of the labor market concerned.
(E) Such other factors as the Secretary considers appropriate.
(3) Special incentive pay under paragraph (1) for an individual is in addition to all other pay (including basic pay) and allowances to which the individual is entitled.
(4) Except as provided in paragraph (5), special incentive pay under paragraph (1) for an individual shall be considered basic pay for all purposes, including retirement benefits under chapters 83 and 84 of title 5, and other benefits.
(5) Special incentive pay under paragraph (1) for an individual shall not be considered basic pay for purposes of adverse actions under subchapter V of this chapter.
(6) Special incentive pay under paragraph (1) may not be awarded to an individual in an amount that would result in an aggregate amount of pay (including bonuses and awards) received by such individual in a year under this title that is greater than the annual pay of the President.
(Added Pub. L. 102–40, title I, § 103(a)[(1)], May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 198; amended Pub. L. 102–405, title III, § 302(c)(1), Oct. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 1984; Pub. L. 111–163, title VI, § 601(e), May 5, 2010, 124 Stat. 1169; Pub. L. 117–168, title IX, § 906(c)(3), Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1813.)
§ 7411. Full-time board-certified physicians and dentists: reimbursement of continuing professional education expenses
The Secretary shall reimburse any full-time board-certified physician or dentist appointed under section 7401(1) of this title for expenses incurred, up to $1,000 per year, for continuing professional education.
(Added Pub. L. 102–40, title I, § 103(a)[(1)], May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 199.)
§ 7412. Annual determination of staffing shortages; recruitment and appointment for needed occupations
(a)In General.—Not later than September 30 of each year, the Inspector General of the Department shall determine, and the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register, at a minimum, the five clinical occupations and the five nonclinical occupations of personnel of this title of the Department covered under section 7401 of this title for which there are the largest staffing shortages with respect to each medical center of the Department, as calculated over the five-year period preceding the determination.
(b)Recruitment and Appointment.—Notwithstanding sections 3304 and 3309 through 3318 of title 5, the Secretary may, upon a determination by the Inspector General under subsection (a) that there is a staffing shortage throughout the Department with respect to a particular occupation, recruit and directly appoint, during the fiscal year after the fiscal year during which such determination is made, qualified personnel to serve in that particular occupation for the Department.
(Added Pub. L. 113–146, title III, § 301(a)(1), Aug. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 1784; amended Pub. L. 114–315, title VIII, § 802(4), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1592; Pub. L. 115–46, title II, § 201, Aug. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 959.)
§ 7413. Treatment of podiatrists; clinical oversight standards
(a)Podiatrists.—Except as provided by subsection (b), a doctor of podiatric medicine who is appointed as a podiatrist under section 7401(1) of this title is eligible for any supervisory position in the Veterans Health Administration to the same degree that a physician appointed under such section is eligible for the position.
(b)Establishment of Clinical Oversight Standards.—The Secretary, in consultation with appropriate stakeholders, shall establish standards to ensure that specialists appointed in the Veterans Health Administration to supervisory positions do not provide direct clinical oversight for purposes of peer review or practice evaluation for providers of other clinical specialties.
(Added Pub. L. 115–182, title V, § 502(a)(1), June 6, 2018, 132 Stat. 1475.)
§ 7414. Compliance with requirements for examining qualifications and clinical abilities of health care professionals
(a)Compliance With Credentialing Requirements.—The Secretary shall ensure that each medical center of the Department, in a consistent manner—
(1) compiles, verifies, and reviews documentation for each health care professional of the Department at such medical center regarding, at a minimum—
(A) the professional licensure, certification, or registration of the health care professional;
(B) whether the health care professional holds a Drug Enforcement Administration registration; and
(C) the education, training, experience, malpractice history, and clinical competence of the health care professional; and
(2) continuously monitors any changes to the matters under paragraph (1), including with respect to suspensions, restrictions, limitations, probations, denials, revocations, and other changes, relating to the failure of a health care professional to meet generally accepted standards of clinical practice in a manner that presents reasonable concern for the safety of patients.
(b)Registration Regarding Controlled Substances.—
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall ensure that each covered health care professional holds an active Drug Enforcement Administration registration.
(2) The Secretary shall—
(A) determine the circumstances in which a medical center of the Department must obtain a waiver under section 302(d) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 822(d)) with respect to covered health care professionals; and
(B) establish a process for medical centers to request such waivers.
(3) In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure that each medical center of the Department monitors the Drug Enforcement Administration registrations of covered health care professionals at such medical center in a manner that ensures the medical center is made aware of any change in status in the registration by not later than seven days after such change in status.
(4) If a covered health care professional does not hold an active Drug Enforcement Administration registration, the Secretary shall carry out any of the following actions, as the Secretary determines appropriate:
(A) Obtain a waiver pursuant to paragraph (2).
(B) Transfer the health care professional to a position that does not require prescribing, dispensing, administering, or conducting research with controlled substances.
(C) Take appropriate actions under subchapter V of this chapter, with respect to an employee of the Department, or take appropriate contract administration actions, with respect to a contractor of the Department.
(c)Reviews of Concerns Relating to Quality of Clinical Care.—
(1) The Secretary shall ensure that each medical center of the Department, in a consistent manner, carries out—
(A) ongoing, retrospective, and comprehensive monitoring of the performance and quality of the health care delivered by each health care professional of the Department located at the medical center, including with respect to the safety of such care; and
(B) timely and documented reviews of such care if an individual notifies the Secretary of any potential concerns relating to a failure of a health care professional of the Department to meet generally accepted standards of clinical practice in a manner that presents reasonable concern for the safety of patients.
(2) The Secretary shall establish a policy to carry out paragraph (1), including with respect to—
(A) determining the period by which a medical center of the Department must initiate the review of a concern described in subparagraph (B) of such paragraph following the date on which the concern is received; and
(B) ensuring the compliance of each medical center with such policy.
(d)Compliance With Requirements for Reporting Quality of Care Concerns.—If the Secretary substantiates a concern relating to the clinical competency of, or quality of care delivered by, a health care professional of the Department (including a former health care professional of the Department), the Secretary shall ensure that the appropriate medical center of the Department timely notifies the following entities of such concern, as appropriate:
(1) The appropriate licensing, registration, or certification body in each State in which the health care professional is licensed, registered, or certified.
(2) The Drug Enforcement Administration.
(3) The National Practitioner Data Bank established pursuant to the Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 11101 et seq.).
(4) Any other relevant entity.
(e)Prohibition on Certain Settlement Agreement Terms.—
(1) The Secretary may not enter into a settlement agreement relating to an adverse action against a health care professional of the Department if such agreement includes terms that require the Secretary to conceal from the personnel file of the employee a serious medical error or lapse in clinical practice that constitutes a substantial failure to meet generally accepted standards of clinical practice as to raise reasonable concern for the safety of patients.
(2) Nothing in paragraph (1) limits—
(A) the right of an employee to appeal a quality of care determination; or
(B) the rights of an employee under sections 1214 and 1221 of title 5.
(f)Training.—Not less frequently than annually, the Secretary shall provide mandatory training on the following duties to employees of the Department who are responsible for performing such duties:
(1) Compiling, validating, or reviewing the credentials of health care professionals of the Department.
(2) Reviewing the quality of clinical care delivered by health care professionals of the Department.
(3) Taking adverse privileging actions or making determinations relating to other disciplinary actions or employment actions against health care professionals of the Department for reasons relating to the failure of a health care professional to meet generally accepted standards of clinical practice in a manner that presents reasonable concern for the safety of patients.
(4) Making notifications under subsection (d).
(g)Definitions.—In this section:
(1) The term “controlled substance” has the meaning given that term in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802).
(2) The term “covered health care professional” means an individual employed in a position as a health care professional of the Department, or a contractor of the Department, that requires the individual to be authorized to prescribe, dispense, administer, or conduct research with, controlled substances.
(3) The term “Drug Enforcement Administration registration” means registration with the Drug Enforcement Administration under section 303 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 823) 302 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 822) by health care practitioners authorized to dispense, prescribe, administer, or conduct research with, controlled substances.
(4) The term “health care professional of the Department” means an individual working for the Department in a position described in section 7401 of this title, including a contractor of the Department serving in such a position.
(Added Pub. L. 117–328, div. U, title I, § 112(a), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5411.)