34 USC 20705 - Enhancing State and local efforts to combat trafficking in persons

Collapse to view only § 20705. Enhancing State and local efforts to combat trafficking in persons

§ 20701. Prevention of domestic trafficking in persons
§ 20702. Establishment of a grant program to develop, expand, and strengthen assistance programs for certain persons subject to trafficking
§ 20703. Victim-centered child human trafficking deterrence block grant program
§ 20704. Grant accountability
§ 20705. Enhancing State and local efforts to combat trafficking in persons
§ 20705a. Enhancing the ability of State, local, and Tribal child welfare agencies to identify and respond to children who are, or are at risk of being, victims of trafficking
§ 20706. Senior Policy Operating Group
§ 20707. Definitions
§ 20708. Grants for specialized human trafficking training and technical assistance for service providers
§ 20709. Combat Human Trafficking Act
§§ 20709a to 20709c. Transferred
§ 20710. Education and outreach to trafficking survivors
§ 20711. Establishing a national strategy to combat human trafficking
§ 20712. Holistic training for Federal law enforcement officers and prosecutors
§ 20713. Encouraging a victim-centered approach to training of Federal law enforcement personnel
§ 20714. Training of tribal law enforcement and prosecutorial personnel

§ 20701. Prevention of domestic trafficking in persons

(a) Program to reduce trafficking in persons and demand for commercial sex acts in the United States

(1) Comprehensive research and statistical review and analysis of incidents of trafficking in persons and commercial sex acts

(A) In general

(B) ContentsThe research and statistical review and analysis under this paragraph shall consist of two separate studies, utilizing the same statistical data where appropriate, as follows:

(i) The first study shall address severe forms of trafficking in persons in the United States and shall include, but need not be limited to—(I) the estimated number and demographic characteristics of persons engaged in acts of severe forms of trafficking in persons; and(II) the number of investigations, arrests, prosecutions, and incarcerations of persons engaged in acts of severe forms of trafficking in persons by States and their political subdivisions.

(ii) The second study shall address sex trafficking and unlawful commercial sex acts in the United States and shall include, but need not be limited to—(I) the estimated number and demographic characteristics of persons engaged in sex trafficking and commercial sex acts, including purchasers of commercial sex acts;(II) the estimated value in dollars of the commercial sex economy, including the estimated average annual personal income derived from acts of sex trafficking;(III) the number of investigations, arrests, prosecutions, and incarcerations of persons engaged in sex trafficking and unlawful commercial sex acts, including purchasers of commercial sex acts, by States and their political subdivisions; and(IV) a description of the differences in the enforcement of laws relating to unlawful commercial sex acts across the United States.

(2) Trafficking conference

(A) In generalThe Attorney General, in consultation and cooperation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall conduct an annual conference in each of the fiscal years 2006, 2007, and 2008, and thereafter conduct a biennial conference, addressing severe forms of trafficking in persons and commercial sex acts that occur, in whole or in part, within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States. At each such conference, the Attorney General, or his designee, shall—

(i) announce and evaluate the findings contained in the research and statistical reviews carried out under paragraph (1);

(ii) disseminate best methods and practices for enforcement of laws prohibiting acts of severe forms of trafficking in persons and other laws related to acts of trafficking in persons, including, but not limited to, best methods and practices for training State and local law enforcement personnel on the enforcement of such laws;

(iii) disseminate best methods and practices for training State and local law enforcement personnel on the enforcement of laws prohibiting sex trafficking and commercial sex acts, including, but not limited to, best methods for investigating and prosecuting exploiters and persons who solicit or purchase an unlawful commercial sex act; and

(iv) disseminate best methods and practices for training State and local law enforcement personnel on collaborating with social service providers and relevant nongovernmental organizations and establishing trust of persons subjected to commercial sex acts or severe forms of trafficking in persons.

(B) ParticipationEach annual conference conducted under this paragraph shall involve the participation of persons with expertise or professional responsibilities with relevance to trafficking in persons, including, but not limited to—

(i) Federal Government officials, including law enforcement and prosecutorial officials;

(ii) State and local government officials, including law enforcement and prosecutorial officials;

(iii) persons who have been subjected to severe forms of trafficking in persons or commercial sex acts;

(iv) medical personnel;

(v) social service providers and relevant nongovernmental organizations; and

(vi) academic experts.

(b) Omitted

(1) $1,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2011 to carry out the activities described in subsection (a)(1)(B)(i) and $1,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2011 to carry out the activities described in subsection (a)(1)(B)(ii); and

(2) $250,000 for each of the fiscal years 2014 through 2021 to carry out the activities described in subsection (a)(2).

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 201, Jan. 10, 2006, 119 Stat. 3567; Pub. L. 110–457, title III, § 302(2), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5087; Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, § 1252(2), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 156; Pub. L. 115–393, title III, § 301(b), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5272.)

§ 20702. Establishment of a grant program to develop, expand, and strengthen assistance programs for certain persons subject to trafficking

(a) DefinitionsIn this section:

(1) Assistant Secretary

(2) Assistant Attorney General

(3) Eligible entityThe term “eligible entity” means a State or unit of local government that—

(A) has significant criminal activity involving sex trafficking of minors;

(B) has demonstrated cooperation between Federal, State, local, and, where applicable, tribal law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, and social service providers in addressing sex trafficking of minors;

(i) building or establishing a residential care facility for minor victims of sex trafficking;

(ii) the provision of rehabilitative care to minor victims of sex trafficking;

(iii) the provision of specialized training for law enforcement officers and social service providers for all forms of sex trafficking, with a focus on sex trafficking of minors;

(iv) prevention, deterrence, and prosecution of offenses involving sex trafficking of minors;

(v) cooperation or referral agreements with organizations providing outreach or other related services to runaway and homeless youth; and

(vi) law enforcement protocols or procedures to screen all individuals arrested for prostitution, whether adult or minor, for victimization by sex trafficking and by other crimes, such as sexual assault and domestic violence; and

(D) provides assurance that a minor victim of sex trafficking shall not be required to collaborate with law enforcement to have access to residential care or services provided with a grant under this section.

(4) Minor victim of sex traffickingThe term “minor victim of sex trafficking” means an individual who—

(A) is younger than 18 years of age, and is a victim of an offense described in section 1591(a) of title 18 or a comparable State law; or

(B)

(i) is not younger than 18 years of age nor older than 20 years of age;

(ii) before the individual reached 18 years of age, was described in subparagraph (A); and

(iii) was receiving shelter or services as a minor victim of sex trafficking.

(5) Qualified nongovernmental organizationThe term “qualified nongovernmental organization” means an organization that—

(A) is not a State or unit of local government, or an agency of a State or unit of local government;

(B) has demonstrated experience providing services to victims of sex trafficking or related populations (such as runaway and homeless youth), or employs staff specialized in the treatment of sex trafficking victims; and

(6) Sex trafficking of a minor

(b) Sex trafficking block grants

(1) Grants authorized

(A) In general

(B) Requirement

(D) Duration

(i) In general

(ii) Renewal(I) In general(II) Priority

(E) ConsultationIn carrying out this section, the Assistant Attorney General shall consult with the Assistant Secretary with respect to—

(i) evaluations of grant recipients under paragraph (4);

(ii) avoiding unintentional duplication of grants; and

(iii) any other areas of shared concern.

(2) Use of funds

(A) Allocation

(B) Authorized activitiesGrants awarded pursuant to paragraph (2) may be used for—

(i) providing residential care to minor victims of sex trafficking, including temporary or long-term placement as appropriate;

(ii) providing 24-hour emergency social services response for minor victims of sex trafficking;

(iii) providing minor victims of sex trafficking with clothing and other daily necessities needed to keep such victims from returning to living on the street;

(iv) case management services for minor victims of sex trafficking;

(v) mental health counseling for minor victims of sex trafficking, including specialized counseling and substance abuse treatment;

(vi) legal services for minor victims of sex trafficking;

(vii) specialized training for social service providers, public sector personnel, and private sector personnel likely to encounter sex trafficking victims on issues related to the sex trafficking of minors and severe forms of trafficking in persons;

(viii) outreach and education programs to provide information about deterrence and prevention of sex trafficking of minors;

(ix) programs to provide treatment to individuals charged or cited with purchasing or attempting to purchase sex acts in cases where—(I) a treatment program can be mandated as a condition of a sentence, fine, suspended sentence, or probation, or is an appropriate alternative to criminal prosecution; and(II) the individual was not charged with purchasing or attempting to purchase sex acts with a minor; and

(x) screening and referral of minor victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons.

(3) Application

(A) In general

(B) Contents

(i) describe the activities for which assistance under this section is sought; and

(ii) provide such additional assurances as the Assistant Attorney General determines to be essential to ensure compliance with the requirements of this section.

(4) Evaluation

(5) Pilot demonstration program

(A) Establishment

(B) Population to be servedThe program established pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall primarily serve adolescents and youth who—

(i) are transitioning out of foster care;

(ii) struggle with substance use disorder;

(iii) are pregnant or parenting; or

(iv) have experienced foster care involvement or involvement in the child welfare system, child poverty, child abuse or neglect, human trafficking, juvenile justice involvement, gang involvement, or homelessness.

(i) providing residential care, including temporary or long-term placement as appropriate;

(ii) providing 24-hour emergency social services response;

(iii) providing clothing and other daily necessities needed to keep individuals from returning to living on the street;

(iv) case management services;

(v) mental health counseling, including specialized counseling and substance abuse treatment;

(vi) legal services;

(vii) specialized training for social service providers, public sector personnel, and private sector personnel likely to encounter sex trafficking and labor trafficking victims on issues related to the sex trafficking and labor trafficking of minors; and

(viii) outreach and education programs to provide information about deterrence and prevention of sex trafficking and labor trafficking of minors.

(D) Funding priority

(d) Compliance requirement

(e) Administrative cap

(f) Audit requirement

(g) Match requirementAn eligible entity that receives a grant under this section shall provide a non-Federal match in an amount equal to not less than—

(1) 15 percent of the grant during the first year;

(2) 25 percent of the grant during the first renewal period;

(3) 40 percent of the grant during the second renewal period; and

(4) 50 percent of the grant during the third renewal period.

(h) No limitation on section 20705 grants

(i) Authorization of appropriations

(j) GAO evaluationNot later than 30 months after March 7, 2013, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit a report to Congress that contains—

(1) an evaluation of the impact of this section in aiding minor victims of sex trafficking in the jurisdiction of the entity receiving the grant; and

(2) recommendations, if any, regarding any legislative or administrative action the Comptroller General determines appropriate.

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 202, Jan. 10, 2006, 119 Stat. 3569; Pub. L. 110–457, title III, § 302(3), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5087; Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, § 1241(a), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 149; Pub. L. 115–393, title III, § 301(e)(1)(A), (3), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5272; Pub. L. 117–348, title I, § 103, Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6215.)

§ 20703. Victim-centered child human trafficking deterrence block grant program

(a) Grants authorized

(b) Authorized activitiesGrants awarded under subsection (a) may be used for—

(1) the establishment or enhancement of specialized training programs for law enforcement officers, first responders, health care officials, child welfare officials, juvenile justice personnel, prosecutors, and judicial personnel to—

(A) identify victims and acts of child human trafficking;

(B) address the unique needs of child victims of human trafficking;

(D) investigate and prosecute acts of human trafficking, including the soliciting, patronizing, or purchasing of commercial sex acts from children, as well as training to build cases against complex criminal networks involved in child human trafficking; and

(E) utilize, implement, and provide education on safe harbor laws enacted by States, aimed at preventing the criminalization and prosecution of child sex trafficking victims for prostitution offenses, and other laws aimed at the investigation and prosecution of child human trafficking;

(2) the establishment or enhancement of dedicated anti-trafficking law enforcement units and task forces to investigate child human trafficking offenses and to rescue victims, including—

(A) funding salaries, in whole or in part, for law enforcement officers, including patrol officers, detectives, and investigators, except that the percentage of the salary of the law enforcement officer paid for by funds from a grant awarded under this section shall not be more than the percentage of the officer’s time on duty that is dedicated to working on cases involving child human trafficking;

(B) investigation expenses for cases involving child human trafficking, including—

(i) wire taps;

(ii) consultants with expertise specific to cases involving child human trafficking;

(iii) travel; and

(iv) other technical assistance expenditures;

(C) dedicated anti-trafficking prosecution units, including the funding of salaries for State and local prosecutors, including assisting in paying trial expenses for prosecution of child human trafficking offenders, except that the percentage of the total salary of a State or local prosecutor that is paid using an award under this section shall be not more than the percentage of the total number of hours worked by the prosecutor that is spent working on cases involving child human trafficking;

(D) the establishment of child human trafficking victim witness safety, assistance, and relocation programs that encourage cooperation with law enforcement investigations of crimes of child human trafficking by leveraging existing resources and delivering child human trafficking victims’ services through coordination with—

(i) child advocacy centers;

(ii) social service agencies;

(iii) State governmental health service agencies;

(iv) housing agencies;

(v) legal services agencies; and

(vi) nongovernmental organizations and shelter service providers with substantial experience in delivering wrap-around services to victims of child human trafficking; and

(E) the establishment or enhancement of other necessary victim assistance programs or personnel, such as victim or child advocates, child-protective services, child forensic interviews, or other necessary service providers;

(3) activities of law enforcement agencies to find homeless and runaway youth, including salaries and associated expenses for retired Federal law enforcement officers assisting the law enforcement agencies in finding homeless and runaway youth; and

(4) the establishment or enhancement of problem solving court programs for trafficking victims that include—

(A) mandatory and regular training requirements for judicial officials involved in the administration or operation of the court program described under this paragraph;

(B) continuing judicial supervision of victims of child human trafficking, including case worker or child welfare supervision in collaboration with judicial officers, who have been identified by a law enforcement or judicial officer as a potential victim of child human trafficking, regardless of whether the victim has been charged with a crime related to human trafficking;

(C) the development of a specialized and individualized, court-ordered treatment program for identified victims of child human trafficking, including—

(i) State-administered outpatient treatment;

(ii) life skills training;

(iii) housing placement;

(iv) vocational training;

(v) education;

(vi) family support services; and

(vii) job placement;

(D) centralized case management involving the consolidation of all of each child human trafficking victim’s cases and offenses, and the coordination of all trafficking victim treatment programs and social services;

(E) regular and mandatory court appearances by the victim during the duration of the treatment program for purposes of ensuring compliance and effectiveness;

(F) the ultimate dismissal of relevant non-violent criminal charges against the victim, where such victim successfully complies with the terms of the court-ordered treatment program; and

(G) collaborative efforts with child advocacy centers, child welfare agencies, shelters, and nongovernmental organizations with substantial experience in delivering wrap-around services to victims of child human trafficking to provide services to victims and encourage cooperation with law enforcement.

(1) In general

(2) Required informationAn application submitted under this subsection shall—

(A) describe the activities for which assistance under this section is sought;

(B) include a detailed plan for the use of funds awarded under the grant;

(C) provide such additional information and assurances as the Attorney General determines to be necessary to ensure compliance with the requirements of this section; and

(D) disclose—

(i) any other grant funding from the Department of Justice or from any other Federal department or agency for purposes similar to those described in subsection (b) for which the eligible entity has applied, and which application is pending on the date of the submission of an application under this section; and

(ii) any other such grant funding that the eligible entity has received during the 5-year period ending on the date of the submission of an application under this section.

(3) PreferenceIn reviewing applications submitted in accordance with paragraphs (1) and (2), the Attorney General shall give preference to grant applications if—

(A) the application includes a plan to use awarded funds to engage in all activities described under paragraphs (1) through (3) of subsection (b); or

(B) the application includes a plan by the State or unit of local government to continue funding of all activities funded by the award after the expiration of the award.

(4) Eligible entities soliciting data on child human trafficking

(d) Duration and renewal of award

(1) In general

(2) Renewal

(e) EvaluationThe Attorney General shall—

(1) enter into a contract with a nongovernmental organization, including an academic or nonprofit organization, that has experience with issues related to child human trafficking and evaluation of grant programs to conduct periodic evaluations of grants made under this section to determine the impact and effectiveness of programs funded with grants awarded under this section;

(2) instruct the Inspector General of the Department of Justice to review evaluations issued under paragraph (1) to determine the methodological and statistical validity of the evaluations; and

(3) submit the results of any evaluation conducted pursuant to paragraph (1) to—

(A) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.

(f) Mandatory exclusion

(g) Compliance requirement

(h) Administrative cap

(i) Federal shareThe Federal share of the cost of a program funded by a grant awarded under this section shall be—

(1) 70 percent in the first year;

(2) 60 percent in the second year; and

(3) 50 percent in the third year, and in all subsequent years.

(j) Authorization of funding; fully offset

(k) DefinitionsIn this section—

(1) the term “child” means a person under the age of 18;

(2) the term “child advocacy center” means a center created under subtitle A of the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 13001 et seq.); 1

1 See References in Text note below.

(3) the term “child human trafficking” means 1 or more severe forms of trafficking in persons (as defined in section 7102 of title 22) involving a victim who is a child; and

(4) the term “eligible entity” means a State or unit of local government that—

(A) has significant criminal activity involving child human trafficking;

(i) the establishment of a shelter for victims of child human trafficking, through existing or new facilities;

(ii) the provision of trauma-informed, gender-responsive rehabilitative care to victims of child human trafficking;

(iii) the provision of specialized training for law enforcement officers and social service providers for all forms of human trafficking, with a focus on domestic child human trafficking;

(iv) prevention, deterrence, and prosecution of offenses involving child human trafficking, including soliciting, patronizing, or purchasing human acts with children;

(v) cooperation or referral agreements with organizations providing outreach or other related services to runaway and homeless youth;

(vi) law enforcement protocols or procedures to screen all individuals arrested for prostitution, whether adult or child, for victimization by sex trafficking and by other crimes, such as sexual assault and domestic violence; and

(vii) cooperation or referral agreements with State child welfare agencies and child advocacy centers; and

(D) provides an assurance that, under the plan under subparagraph (C), a victim of child human trafficking shall not be required to collaborate with law enforcement officers to have access to any shelter or services provided with a grant under this section.

(l) Grant accountability; specialized victims’ service requirement

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 203, Jan. 10, 2006, 119 Stat. 3570; Pub. L. 110–457, title III, § 302(4), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5087; Pub. L. 114–22, title I, § 103(a), May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 231.)

§ 20704. Grant accountability

(a) Definition

(b) Accountability

All covered grants shall be subject to the following accountability provisions:

(1) Audit requirement

(A) In general

(B) Definition

(D) Priority

(E) Reimbursement

If an entity is awarded a covered grant during the 2-fiscal-year period in which the entity is barred from receiving grants under subparagraph (C), the Attorney General shall—

(i) deposit an amount equal to the grant funds that were improperly awarded to the grantee into the General Fund of the Treasury; and

(ii) seek to recoup the costs of the repayment to the fund from the grant recipient that was erroneously awarded grant funds.

(2) Nonprofit organization requirements

(A) Definition

(B) Prohibition

(3) Conference expenditures

(A) Limitation

(B) Written approval

(D) Annual certification

Beginning in the first fiscal year beginning after May 29, 2015, the Attorney General shall submit, to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, an annual certification that—

(i) all audits issued by the Office of the Inspector General under paragraph (1) have been completed and reviewed by the appropriate Assistant Attorney General or Director;

(ii) all mandatory exclusions required under paragraph (1)(C) have been issued;

(iii) all reimbursements required under paragraph (1)(E) have been made; and

(iv) includes a list of any grant recipients excluded under paragraph (1) from the previous year.

(4) Prohibition on lobbying activity

(A) In general

Amounts awarded under this title,1 or any amendments made by this title,1 may not be utilized by any grant recipient to—

(i) lobby any representative of the Department of Justice regarding the award of grant funding; or

(ii) lobby any representative of a Federal, State, local, or tribal government regarding the award of grant funding.

(B) Penalty

If the Attorney General determines that any recipient of a covered grant has violated subparagraph (A), the Attorney General shall—

(i) require the grant recipient to repay the grant in full; and

(ii) prohibit the grant recipient from receiving another covered grant for not less than 5 years.

(Pub. L. 114–22, title I, § 117, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 245.)

§ 20705. Enhancing State and local efforts to combat trafficking in persons

(a) Establishment of grant program for law enforcement

(1) In general

The Attorney General may make grants to States and local law enforcement agencies to establish, develop, expand, or strengthen programs—

(A) to investigate and prosecute acts of severe forms of trafficking in persons, and related offenses that occur, in whole or in part, within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States;

(B) to train law enforcement personnel how to identify victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons and related offenses;

(C) to investigate and prosecute persons who engage in the purchase of commercial sex acts and prioritize the investigations and prosecutions of those cases involving minor victims;

(D) to educate persons charged with, or convicted of, purchasing or attempting to purchase commercial sex acts;

(E) to educate and train law enforcement personnel in how to establish trust of persons subjected to trafficking and encourage cooperation with prosecution efforts; and

(F) as appropriate, to designate at least 1 prosecutor for cases of severe forms of trafficking in persons (as such term is defined in section 7102(9) 1

1 See References in Text note below.

of title 22).

(2) Definition

(b) Multi-disciplinary approach required

(d) No limitation on section 20702 grant applications

(e) Authorization of appropriations

(f) GAO evaluation and report

Not later than 30 months after March 7, 2013, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study of and submit to Congress a report evaluating the impact of this section on—

(1) the ability of law enforcement personnel to identify victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons and investigate and prosecute cases against offenders, including offenders who engage in the purchasing of commercial sex acts with a minor; and

(2) recommendations, if any, regarding any legislative or administrative action the Comptroller General determines appropriate to improve the ability described in paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 204, Jan. 10, 2006, 119 Stat. 3571; Pub. L. 110–457, title III, § 302(5), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5087; Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, § 1242, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 153; Pub. L. 115–393, title III, § 301(c), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5272; Pub. L. 115–425, title I, § 122, Jan. 8, 2019, 132 Stat. 5479.)

§ 20705a. Enhancing the ability of State, local, and Tribal child welfare agencies to identify and respond to children who are, or are at risk of being, victims of trafficking

(a) Grants to enhance child welfare services

The Secretary of Health and Human Services may make grants to eligible States to develop, improve, or expand programs that assist State, local, or Tribal child welfare agencies with identifying and responding to—

(1) children considered victims of “child abuse and neglect” and of “sexual abuse” under the application of section 5106g(b)(1) of title 42 because of being identified as being a victim or at risk of being a victim of a severe form of trafficking in persons; and

(2) children over whom such agencies have responsibility for placement, care, or supervision and for whom there is reasonable cause to believe are, or are at risk of being a victim of 1 or more severe forms of trafficking in persons.

(b) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Child

(2) Eligible State

The term “eligible State” means a State that has not received more than 3 grants under this section and meets 1 or more of the following criteria:

(A) Elimination of third party control requirement

(B) Application of standard for human trafficking

The State agency responsible for administering the State plan for foster care and adoption assistance under part E of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.) has developed and is implementing or will develop and implement protocols that meet the following reporting requirements:

(i) The requirement to report immediately, and in no case later than 24 hours after receiving, information on children who have been identified as being a victim of a severe form of trafficking in persons to law enforcement authorities under paragraph (34)(A) of section 471(a) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 671(a)).

(ii) The requirement to report immediately, and in no case later than 24 hours after receiving, information on missing or abducted children to law enforcement authorities, including children classified as “runaways”, for entry into the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) database of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, under paragraph (35)(B) of such section [42 U.S.C. 671(a)(35)(B)].

(iii) The requirement to report to the Secretary of Health and Human Services the total number of children who are victims of child human trafficking under paragraph (34)(B) of such section [42 U.S.C. 671(a)(34)(B)].

(D) Trafficking-specific protocol

(3) Indian tribe; tribal organization

(4) State

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 204A, as added Pub. L. 117–347, title I, § 104(a)(1), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6201.)

§ 20706. Senior Policy Operating Group

Each Federal department or agency involved in grant activities related to combatting trafficking or providing services to persons subjected to trafficking inside the United States shall apprise the Senior Policy Operating Group established by section 105(f) 1

1 See References in Text note below.

of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7103(f)), under the procedures established by the Senior Policy Operating Group, of such activities of the department or agency to ensure that the activities are consistent with the purposes of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.).

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 206, Jan. 10, 2006, 119 Stat. 3571; Pub. L. 110–457, title II, § 233, Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5074.)

§ 20707. Definitions

In this chapter:

(1) Severe forms of trafficking in persons

(2) Sex trafficking

(3) Commercial sex act

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 207, Jan. 10, 2006, 119 Stat. 3572; Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, § 1212(b)(2)(C), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 144.)

§ 20708. Grants for specialized human trafficking training and technical assistance for service providers

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Act of trafficking

(2) Eligible entity

The term “eligible entity” means—

(A) a State or unit of local government;

(B) a federally recognized Indian tribal government, as determined by the Secretary of the Interior;

(D) a nonprofit or for-profit organization (including a tribal nonprofit or for-profit organization);

(E) a national organization; or

(F) an institution of higher education (including tribal institutions of higher education).

(3) State

(4) Victim of trafficking

(b) Grants authorized

The Attorney General may award grants to eligible entities to—

(1) provide training to identify and protect victims of trafficking;

(2) improve the quality and quantity of services offered to trafficking survivors; and

(3) improve victim service providers’ partnerships with Federal, State, tribal, and local law enforcement agencies and other relevant entities.

A grant awarded under this section shall be used to—

(1) train law enforcement personnel to identify and protect victims of trafficking, including training such personnel to utilize Federal, State, or local resources to assist victims of trafficking, which may include programs to build law enforcement capacity to identify and respond to human trafficking that are funded through the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services of the Department of Justice, such as the Interdiction for the Protection of Children Program;

(2) train law enforcement or State or local prosecutors to identify, investigate, or prosecute acts of trafficking;

(3) train law enforcement or State or local prosecutors to utilize laws that prohibit acts of trafficking and to assist in the development of State and local laws to prohibit acts of trafficking;

(4) provide technical assistance on the range of services available to victim service providers who serve trafficking victims;

(5) develop and distribute materials, including materials identifying best practices in accordance with Federal law and policies, to support victim service providers working with human trafficking victims;

(6) identify and disseminate other publicly available materials in accordance with Federal law to help build capacity of service providers;

(7) provide training at relevant conferences, through webinars, or through other mechanisms in accordance with Federal law; or

(8) assist service providers in developing additional resources such as partnerships with Federal, State, tribal, and local law enforcement agencies and other relevant entities in order to access a range of available services in accordance with Federal law.

(d) Restrictions

(1) Administrative expenses

(2) Nonexclusivity

(e) Authorization of appropriations

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 208, formerly Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 111, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2984; Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, § 1212(b)(2)(D), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 144; Pub. L. 115–392, § 10(a), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5254; renumbered § 208 of Pub. L. 109–164 and amended Pub. L. 117–347, title I, §§ 101(a), 106(a), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6200, 6204.)

§ 20709. Combat Human Trafficking Act

(a) Short title

(b) DefinitionsIn this section:

(1) Commercial sex act; severe forms of trafficking in persons; state; task force

(2) Covered offender

(3) Covered offense

(4) Federal law enforcement officer

(5) Local law enforcement officer

(6) State law enforcement officer

(1) Training

(A) Law enforcement officersThe Attorney General shall ensure that each anti-human trafficking program operated by the Department of Justice, including each anti-human trafficking training program for Federal, State, or local law enforcement officers, includes technical training on—

(i) effective methods for investigating and prosecuting covered offenders;

(ii) facilitating the provision of physical and mental health services by health care providers to persons subject to severe forms of trafficking in persons;

(iii) individually screening all adults and children who are suspected of engaging in commercial sex acts or who are subject to labor exploitation that may be in violation of child labor laws to determine whether each individual screened is a victim of human trafficking; and

(iv) how—(I) victims of sex or labor trafficking often engage in criminal acts as a direct result of severe trafficking in persons; and(II) such individuals are victims of a crime and affirmative measures should be taken to avoid arresting, charging, or prosecuting such individuals for any offense that is the direct result of their victimization.

(B) Federal prosecutors

(2) Policy for Federal law enforcement officers

(d) Omitted

(e) Bureau of Justice Statistics report on State enforcement of human trafficking prohibitionsThe Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics shall—

(1) prepare an annual report on—

(A) the number of—

(i) arrests of individuals by State law enforcement officers for a covered offense, noting the number of covered offenders;

(ii) prosecutions (including specific charges) of individuals in State court systems for a covered offense, noting the number of covered offenders; and

(iii) convictions of individuals in State court systems for a covered offense, noting the number of covered offenders; and

(B) sentences imposed on individuals convicted in State court systems for a covered offense; and

(2) submit the annual report prepared under paragraph (1) to—

(A) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives;

(B) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;

(D) the Senior Policy Operating Group established under section 7103(g) of title 22; and

(E) the Attorney General.

(f) Department of Justice victim screening protocol

(1) In general

(2) RequirementsThe protocol required to be issued under paragraph (1) shall—

(A) require the individual screening of all adults and children who are suspected of engaging in commercial sex acts or who are subject to labor exploitation that may be in violation of child labor laws to determine whether each individual screened is a victim of human trafficking;

(B) require affirmative measures to avoid arresting, charging, or prosecuting human trafficking victims for any offense that is the direct result of their victimization;

(C) require all Federal law enforcement officers and relevant department personnel who participate in human trafficking investigations to receive training on enforcement of the protocol;

(D) be developed in consultation with State and local law enforcement agencies, the Department of Health and Human Services, survivors of human trafficking, and nongovernmental organizations that specialize in the identification, prevention, and restoration of victims of human trafficking; and

(E) include—

(i) procedures and practices to ensure that the screening process minimizes trauma or revictimization of the person being screened; and

(ii) guidelines on assisting victims of human trafficking in identifying and receiving victim services.

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 209, formerly Pub. L. 114–22, title I, § 114, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 241; Pub. L. 115–393, title V, § 502, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5276; Pub. L. 115–425, title I, § 121(b), Jan. 8, 2019, 132 Stat. 5478; renumbered § 209 of Pub. L. 109–164, Pub. L. 117–347, title I, § 106(b)(1), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6204.)

§§ 20709a to 20709c. Transferred

§ 20710. Education and outreach to trafficking survivors

The Attorney General shall make available, on the website of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, a database for trafficking victim advocates, crisis hotline personnel, foster parents, law enforcement personnel, and crime survivors that contains information on—

(1) counseling and hotline resources;

(2) housing resources;

(3) legal assistance; and

(4) other services for trafficking survivors.

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 210, formerly Pub. L. 114–22, title I, § 119, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 247; renumbered § 210 of Pub. L. 109–164, Pub. L. 117–347, title I, § 106(b)(1), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6204.)

§ 20711. Establishing a national strategy to combat human trafficking

(a) In general

(b) Required contents of National StrategyThe National Strategy shall include the following:

(1) Integrated Federal, State, local, and tribal efforts to investigate and prosecute human trafficking cases, including—

(A) the development by each United States attorney, in consultation with State, local, and tribal government agencies, of a district-specific strategic plan to coordinate the identification of victims and the investigation and prosecution of human trafficking crimes;

(B) the participation in any Federal, State, local, or tribal human trafficking task force operating in the district of the United States attorney; and

(C) any other efforts intended to enhance the level of coordination and cooperation, as determined by the Attorney General.

(2) Case coordination within the Department of Justice, including specific integration, coordination, and collaboration, as appropriate, on human trafficking investigations between and among the United States attorneys, the Human Trafficking Prosecution Unit, the Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

(3) Annual budget priorities and Federal efforts dedicated to preventing and combating human trafficking, including resources dedicated to the Human Trafficking Prosecution Unit, the Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and all other entities that receive Federal support that have a goal or mission to combat the exploitation of adults and children.

(4) An ongoing assessment of the future trends, challenges, and opportunities, including new investigative strategies, techniques, and technologies, that will enhance Federal, State, local, and tribal efforts to combat human trafficking.

(5) Encouragement of cooperation, coordination, and mutual support between private sector and other entities and organizations and Federal agencies to combat human trafficking, including the involvement of State, local, and tribal government agencies to the extent Federal programs are involved.

(6) A national strategy to prevent human trafficking and reduce demand for human trafficking victims.

(c) Human Trafficking Justice CoordinatorsThe Attorney General shall designate in each Federal judicial district not less than 1 assistant United States attorney to serve as the Human Trafficking Coordinator for the district who, in addition to any other responsibilities, works with a human trafficking victim-witness specialist and shall be responsible for—

(1) implementing the National Strategy with respect to all forms of human trafficking, including labor trafficking and sex trafficking;

(2) prosecuting, or assisting in the prosecution of, human trafficking cases;

(3) conducting public outreach and awareness activities relating to human trafficking;

(4) ensuring the collection of data required to be collected under clause (viii) of section 7103(d)(7)(Q) of title 22, as added by section 17 of the Abolish Human Trafficking Act of 2017,1

1 See References in Text note below.

is sought;

(5) coordinating with other Federal agencies, State, tribal, and local law enforcement agencies, victim service providers, and other relevant non-governmental organizations to build partnerships on activities relating to human trafficking; and

(6) ensuring the collection of restitution for victims is sought as required to be ordered under section 1593 of title 18 and section 2429 of such title, as added by section 3 of the Abolish Human Trafficking Act of 2017.

(d) Department of Justice CoordinatorNot later than 60 days after December 21, 2018, the Attorney General shall designate an official who shall coordinate human trafficking efforts within the Department of Justice who, in addition to any other responsibilities, shall be responsible for—

(1) coordinating, promoting, and supporting the work of the Department of Justice relating to human trafficking, including investigation, prosecution, training, outreach, victim support, grant-making, and policy activities;

(2) in consultation with survivors of human trafficking, or anti-human trafficking organizations, producing and disseminating, including making publicly available when appropriate, replication guides and training materials for law enforcement officers, prosecutors, judges, emergency responders, individuals working in victim services, adult and child protective services, social services, and public safety, medical personnel, mental health personnel, financial services personnel, and any other individuals whose work may bring them in contact with human trafficking regarding how to—

(A) identify signs of human trafficking;

(B) conduct investigations in human trafficking cases;

(D) appropriately assess, respond to, and interact with victims and witnesses in human trafficking cases, including in administrative, civil, and criminal judicial proceedings; and

(3) carrying out such other duties as the Attorney General determines necessary in connection with enhancing the understanding, prevention, and detection of, and response to, human trafficking.

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 211, formerly Pub. L. 114–22, title VI, § 606, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 260; Pub. L. 115–392, §§ 9, 15, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5254, 5256; renumbered § 211 of Pub. L. 109–164, Pub. L. 117–347, title I, § 106(b)(1), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6204.)

§ 20712. Holistic training for Federal law enforcement officers and prosecutorsAll training required under section 20709 of this title and section 7105(c)(4) 1

1 See References in Text note below.

of title 22 shall—

(1) emphasize that an individual who knowingly solicits or patronizes a commercial sex act from a person who was a minor (consistent with section 1591(c) of title 18) or was subject to force, fraud, or coercion is guilty of an offense under chapter 77 of title 18 and is a party to a human trafficking offense;

(2) develop specific curriculum for—

(A) under appropriate circumstances, arresting and prosecuting buyers of commercial sex, child labor that is a violation of law, or forced labor as a form of primary prevention; and

(B) investigating and prosecuting individuals who knowingly benefit financially from participation in a venture that has engaged in any act of human trafficking; and

(3) specify that any comprehensive approach to eliminating human trafficking shall include a demand reduction component.

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 212, formerly Pub. L. 115–392, § 7, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5253; renumbered § 212 of Pub. L. 109–164, Pub. L. 117–347, title I, § 106(b)(2), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6204.)

§ 20713. Encouraging a victim-centered approach to training of Federal law enforcement personnel

(a) Training curriculum improvements

(b) Advanced training curriculum

(1) In generalNot later than 1 year after December 21, 2018, the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall develop an advanced training curriculum, to supplement the basic curriculum for investigative personnel of the Department of Justice and the Department of Homeland Security, respectively, that—

(A) emphasizes a multidisciplinary, collaborative effort by law enforcement officers who provide a broad range of investigation and prosecution options in response to perpetrators, and victim service providers, who offer services and resources for victims;

(B) provides guidance about the recruitment techniques employed by human traffickers to clarify that an individual who knowingly solicits or patronizes a commercial sex act from a person who was a minor (consistent with section 1591(c) of title 18) or was subject to force, fraud, or coercion is guilty of an offense under chapter 77 of title 18 and is a party to a human trafficking offense; and

(i) victims of sex or labor trafficking often engage in criminal acts as a direct result of severe trafficking in persons and such individuals are victims of a crime and affirmative measures should be taken to avoid arresting, charging, or prosecuting such individuals for any offense that is the direct result of their victimization; and

(ii) a comprehensive approach to eliminating human trafficking should include demand reduction as a component.

(2) Use of curriculumThe Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall provide training using the curriculum developed under paragraph (1) to—

(A) all law enforcement officers employed by the Department of Justice and the Department of Homeland Security, respectively, who may be involved in the investigation of human trafficking offenses; and

(B) members of task forces that participate in the investigation of human trafficking offenses.

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 213, formerly Pub. L. 115–393, title V, § 501, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5275; renumbered § 213 of Pub. L. 109–164, Pub. L. 117–347, title I, § 106(b)(3), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6204.)

§ 20714. Training of tribal law enforcement and prosecutorial personnel

The Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Tribal Justice, shall carry out a program under which tribal law enforcement officials may receive technical assistance and training to pursue a victim-centered approach to investigating and prosecuting severe forms of trafficking in persons (as defined in section 7102 of title 22).

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 214, formerly Pub. L. 115–393, title V, § 504, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5277; renumbered § 214 of Pub. L. 109–164, Pub. L. 117–347, title I, § 106(b)(3), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6205.)