- § 1441. Monitoring and research program
- § 1442. Research program respecting possible long-range effects of pollution, overfishing, and man-induced changes of ocean ecosystems
- § 1443. Research program respecting ocean dumping and other methods of waste disposal
- § 1444. Annual reports
- § 1445. Authorization of appropriations
§ 1441. Monitoring and research program
The Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating and with the Administrator shall, within six months of October 23, 1972, initiate a comprehensive and continuing program of monitoring and research regarding the effects of the dumping of material into ocean waters or other coastal waters where the tide ebbs and flows or into the Great Lakes or their connecting waters.
(Pub. L. 92–532, title II, § 201, Oct. 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 1060; Pub. L. 99–272, title VI, § 6061, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 131.)
§ 1442. Research program respecting possible long-range effects of pollution, overfishing, and man-induced changes of ocean ecosystems
(a) Secretary of Commerce
(1) The Secretary of Commerce, in close consultation with other appropriate Federal departments, agencies, and instrumentalities shall, within six months of October 23, 1972, initiate a comprehensive and continuing program of research with respect to the possible long-range effects of pollution, overfishing, and man-induced changes of ocean ecosystems. These responsibilities shall include the scientific assessment of damages to the natural resources from spills of petroleum or petroleum products. In carrying out such research, the Secretary of Commerce shall take into account such factors as existing and proposed international policies affecting oceanic problems, economic considerations involved in both the protection and the use of the oceans, possible alternatives to existing programs, and ways in which the health of the oceans may best be preserved for the benefit of succeeding generations of mankind.
(2) The Secretary of Commerce shall ensure that the program under this section complements, when appropriate, the activities undertaken by other Federal agencies pursuant to subchapter I and section 1443 of this title. That program shall include but not be limited to—
(A) the development and assessment of scientific techniques to define and quantify the degradation of the marine environment;
(B) the assessment of the capacity of the marine environment to receive materials without degradation;
(C) continuing monitoring programs to assess the health of the marine environment, including but not limited to the monitoring of bottom oxygen concentrations, contaminant levels in biota, sediments, and the water column, diseases in fish and shellfish, and changes in types and abundance of indicator species;
(D) the development of methodologies, techniques, and equipment for disposal of waste materials to minimize degradation of the marine environment.
(3) The Secretary of Commerce shall ensure that the comprehensive and continuing research program conducted under this subsection is consistent with the comprehensive plan for ocean pollution research and development and monitoring prepared under section 1703 1
1 See References in Text note below.
of this title.(b) Action with other nations
(c) Cooperation of other departments, agencies, and independent instrumentalities
(d) Utilization of personnel, services, and facilities; inter-agency agreements
(Pub. L. 92–532, title II, § 202, Oct. 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 1060; Pub. L. 94–62, § 2, July 25, 1975, 89 Stat. 303; Pub. L. 96–381, § 3, Oct. 6, 1980, 94 Stat. 1524; Pub. L. 96–470, title II, § 201(f), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2242; Pub. L. 99–272, title VI, § 6062, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 131; Pub. L. 100–627, title I, § 101, Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3213.)
§ 1443. Research program respecting ocean dumping and other methods of waste disposal
(a) Cooperation with public authorities, agencies, and institutions, private agencies and institutions, and individualsThe Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall—
(1) conduct research, investigations, experiments, training, demonstrations, surveys, and studies for the purpose of—
(A) determining means of minimizing or ending, as soon as possible after October 6, 1980, the dumping into ocean waters, or waters described in section 1411(b) of this title, of material which may unreasonably degrade or endanger human health, welfare, or amenities, or the marine environment, ecological systems, or economic potentialities, and
(B) developing disposal methods as alternatives to the dumping described in subparagraph (A); and
(2) encourage, cooperate with, promote the coordination of, and render financial and other assistance to appropriate public authorities, agencies, and institutions (whether Federal, State, interstate, or local) and appropriate private agencies, institutions, and individuals in the conduct of research and other activities described in paragraph (1).
(b) Termination date for ocean dumping of sewage sludge not affected
(c) Regional management plans for waste disposalThe Administrator, in cooperation with the Secretary, the Secretary of Commerce, and other officials of appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies, shall assess the feasibility in coastal areas of regional management plans for the disposal of waste materials. Such plans should integrate where appropriate Federal, State, regional, and local waste disposal activities into a comprehensive regional disposal strategy. These plans should address, among other things—
(1) the sources, quantities, and types of materials that require and will require disposal;
(2) the environmental, economic, social, and human health factors (and the methods used to assess these factors) associated with disposal alternatives;
(3) the improvements in production processes, methods of disposal, and recycling to reduce the adverse effects associated with such disposal alternatives;
(4) the applicable laws and regulations governing waste disposal; and
(5) improvements in permitting processes to reduce administrative burdens.
(d) Report on sewage disposal in New York metropolitan areaThe Administrator, in cooperation with the Secretary of Commerce, shall submit to the Congress and the President, not later than one year after April 7, 1986, a report on sewage sludge disposal in the New York City metropolitan region. The report shall—
(1) consider the factors listed in subsection (c) as they relate to landfilling, incineration, ocean dumping, or any other feasible disposal or reuse/recycling option;
(2) include an assessment of the cost of these alternatives; and
(3) recommend such regulatory or legislative changes as may be necessary to reduce the adverse impacts associated with sewage sludge disposal.
(Pub. L. 92–532, title II, § 203, Oct. 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 1061; Pub. L. 96–381, § 1, Oct. 6, 1980, 94 Stat. 1523; Pub. L. 99–272, title VI, § 6063, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 131.)
§ 1444. Annual reports
(a) Report by Secretary of Commerce
In March of each year, the Secretary of Commerce shall report to the Congress on his activities under this subchapter during the previous fiscal year. The report shall include—
(1) the Secretary’s findings made under section 1441 of this title, including an evaluation of the short-term ecological effects and the social and economic factors involved with the dumping;
(2) the results of activities undertaken pursuant to section 1442 of this title;
(3) with the concurrence of the Administrator and after consulting with officials of other appropriate Federal agencies, an identification of the short- and long-term research requirements associated with activities under subchapter I, and a description of how Federal research under this subchapter and subchapter I will meet those requirements; and
(4) activities of the Department of Commerce under section 665 of title 16.
(b) Report by Administrator
(c) Report by Under Secretary
(Pub. L. 92–532, title II, § 204, formerly § 205, as added Pub. L. 96–572, § 5, Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3345; renumbered § 204 and amended Pub. L. 99–272, title VI, § 6065, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 132; Pub. L. 100–627, title I, § 102, Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3213.)
§ 1445. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated for the first fiscal year after October 23, 1972, and for the next two fiscal years thereafter such sums as may be necessary to carry out this subchapter, but the sums appropriated for any such fiscal year may not exceed $6,000,000. There are authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $1,500,000 for the transition period (July 1 through September 30, 1976), not to exceed $5,600,000 for fiscal year 1977, and not to exceed $6,500,000 for fiscal year 1978, not to exceed $11,396,000 for fiscal year 1981, not to exceed $12,000,000 for fiscal year 1982, not to exceed $10,635,000 for fiscal year 1986, not to exceed $11,114,000 for fiscal year 1987, not to exceed $13,500,000 for fiscal year 1989, and not to exceed $14,500,000 for fiscal year 1990.
(Pub. L. 92–532, title II, § 205, formerly § 204, Oct. 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 1061; Pub. L. 94–62, § 3, July 25, 1975, 89 Stat. 303; Pub. L. 94–326, § 3, June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 725; Pub. L. 95–153, § 2, Nov. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 1255; Pub. L. 96–381, § 2, Oct. 6, 1980, 94 Stat. 1523; renumbered § 205 and amended Pub. L. 99–272, title VI, § 6064, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 132; Pub. L. 100–627, title I, § 103, Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3213.)