26 USC 7803 - Commissioner of Internal Revenue; other officials

Collapse to view only § 7803. Commissioner of Internal Revenue; other officials

§ 7801. Authority of Department of the Treasury
§ 7802. Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board
§ 7803. Commissioner of Internal Revenue; other officials
§ 7804. Other personnel
§ 7805. Rules and regulations
§ 7806. Construction of title
§ 7807. Rules in effect upon enactment of this title
§ 7808. Depositaries for collections
§ 7809. Deposit of collections
§ 7810. Revolving fund for redemption of real property
§ 7811. Taxpayer Assistance Orders
§ 7812. Streamlined critical pay authority for information technology positions

§ 7801. Authority of Department of the Treasury

(a) Powers and duties of Secretary

(1) In general

(2) Administration and enforcement of certain provisions by Attorney General

(A) In general

The administration and enforcement of the following provisions of this title shall be performed by or under the supervision of the Attorney General; and the term “Secretary” or “Secretary of the Treasury” shall, when applied to those provisions, mean the Attorney General; and the term “internal revenue officer” shall, when applied to those provisions, mean any officer of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives so designated by the Attorney General:

(i) Chapter 53.

(ii) Chapters 61 through 80, to the extent such chapters relate to the enforcement and administration of the provisions referred to in clause (i).

(B) Use of existing rulings and interpretations

[(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 97–258, § 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068, 1078]

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 915

§ 7802. Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board

(a) Establishment

(b) Membership

(1) Composition

The Oversight Board shall be composed of nine members, as follows:

(A) six members shall be individuals who are not otherwise Federal officers or employees and who are appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(B) one member shall be the Secretary of the Treasury or, if the Secretary so designates, the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury.

(D) one member shall be an individual who is a full-time Federal employee or a representative of employees and who is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(2) Qualifications and terms

(A) Qualifications

Members of the Oversight Board described in paragraph (1)(A) shall be appointed without regard to political affiliation and solely on the basis of their professional experience and expertise in one or more of the following areas:

(i) Management of large service organizations.

(ii) Customer service.

(iii) Federal tax laws, including tax administration and compliance.

(iv) Information technology.

(v) Organization development.

(vi) The needs and concerns of taxpayers.

(vii) The needs and concerns of small businesses.

In the aggregate, the members of the Oversight Board described in paragraph (1)(A) should collectively bring to bear expertise in all of the areas described in the preceding sentence.

(B) Terms

Each member who is described in subparagraph (A) or (D) of paragraph (1) shall be appointed for a term of 5 years, except that of the members first appointed under paragraph (1)(A)—

(i) two members shall be appointed for a term of 3 years,

(ii) two members shall be appointed for a term of 4 years, and

(iii) two members shall be appointed for a term of 5 years.

(D) Vacancy

(3) Ethical considerations

(A) Financial disclosure

(B) Restrictions on post-employment

If an individual appointed under subparagraph (A) or (D) of paragraph (1) is a special Government employee, the following additional rules apply for purposes of chapter 11 of title 18, United States Code:

(i) Restriction on representation

In addition to any restriction under section 205(c) of title 18, United States Code, except as provided in subsections (d) through (i) of section 205 of such title, such individual (except in the proper discharge of official duties) shall not, with or without compensation, represent anyone to or before any officer or employee of—

(I) the Oversight Board or the Internal Revenue Service on any matter;(II) the Department of the Treasury on any matter involving the internal revenue laws or involving the management or operations of the Internal Revenue Service; or(III) the Department of Justice with respect to litigation involving a matter described in subclause (I) or (II).

(ii) Compensation for services provided by another

For purposes of section 203 of such title—

(I) such individual shall not be subject to the restrictions of subsection (a)(1) thereof for sharing in compensation earned by another for representations on matters covered by such section, and(II) a person shall not be subject to the restrictions of subsection (a)(2) thereof for sharing such compensation with such individual.

(D) Waiver

(4) Quorum

(5) Removal

(A) In general

(B) Secretary and Commissioner

(6) Claims

(A) In general

(B) Effect on other law

This paragraph shall not be construed—

(i) to affect any other immunities and protections that may be available to such member under applicable law with respect to such transactions;

(ii) to affect any other right or remedy against the United States under applicable law; or

(iii) to limit or alter in any way the immunities that are available under applicable law for Federal officers and employees.

(1) Oversight

(A) In general

(B) Mission of IRS

(2) Exceptions

The Oversight Board shall have no responsibilities or authority with respect to—

(A) the development and formulation of Federal tax policy relating to existing or proposed internal revenue laws, related statutes, and tax conventions,

(B) specific law enforcement activities of the Internal Revenue Service, including specific compliance activities such as examinations, collection activities, and criminal investigations,

(D) except as provided in subsection (d)(3), specific personnel actions.

(d) Specific responsibilities

The Oversight Board shall have the following specific responsibilities:

(1) Strategic plans

To review and approve strategic plans of the Internal Revenue Service, including the establishment of—

(A) mission and objectives, and standards of performance relative to either, and

(B) annual and long-range strategic plans.

(2) Operational plans

To review the operational functions of the Internal Revenue Service, including—

(A) plans for modernization of the tax system,

(B) plans for outsourcing or managed competition, and

(3) Management

To—

(A) recommend to the President candidates for appointment as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue and recommend to the President the removal of the Commissioner;

(B) review the Commissioner’s selection, evaluation, and compensation of Internal Revenue Service senior executives who have program management responsibility over significant functions of the Internal Revenue Service; and

(4) Budget

To—

(A) review and approve the budget request of the Internal Revenue Service prepared by the Commissioner;

(B) submit such budget request to the Secretary of the Treasury; and

(5) Taxpayer protection

The Secretary shall submit the budget request referred to in paragraph (4)(B) for any fiscal year to the President who shall submit such request, without revision, to Congress together with the President’s annual budget request for the Internal Revenue Service for such fiscal year.

(e) Board personnel matters

(1) Compensation of members

(A) In general

Each member of the Oversight Board who—

(i) is described in subsection (b)(1)(A); or

(ii) is described in subsection (b)(1)(D) and is not otherwise a Federal officer or employee,

shall be compensated at a rate of $30,000 per year. All other members shall serve without compensation for such service.

(B) Chairperson

(2) Travel expenses

(A) In general

(B) Report

(3) Staff

(A) In general

(B) Detail of Government employees

(4) Procurement of temporary and intermittent services

(f) Administrative matters

(1) Chair

(A) Term

(B) Powers

Except as otherwise provided by a majority vote of the Oversight Board, the powers of the Chairperson shall include—

(i) establishing committees;

(ii) setting meeting places and times;

(iii) establishing meeting agendas; and

(iv) developing rules for the conduct of business.

(2) Meetings

(3) Reports

(A) Annual

(B) Additional report

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 915; Pub. L. 93–406, title II, § 1051(a), Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 951; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), (B), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 97–258, § 2(f)(2), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1059; Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, § 6235(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3737; Pub. L. 104–168, title I, § 101(a), (b)(2), July 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 1453, 1455; Pub. L. 105–206, title I, § 1101(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 691; Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title III, § 319(27)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–648; Pub. L. 117–286, § 4(c)(34), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4358.)

§ 7803. Commissioner of Internal Revenue; other officials

(a) Commissioner of Internal Revenue

(1) Appointment

(A) In general

(B) Term

(D) Removal

(E) Reappointment

(2) DutiesThe Commissioner shall have such duties and powers as the Secretary may prescribe, including the power to—

(A) administer, manage, conduct, direct, and supervise the execution and application of the internal revenue laws or related statutes and tax conventions to which the United States is a party; and

(B) recommend to the President a candidate for appointment as Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service when a vacancy occurs, and recommend to the President the removal of such Chief Counsel.

If the Secretary determines not to delegate a power specified in subparagraph (A) or (B), such determination may not take effect until 30 days after the Secretary notifies the Committees on Ways and Means, Government Reform and Oversight, and Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Finance, Governmental Affairs, and Appropriations of the Senate.

(3) Execution of duties in accord with taxpayer rightsIn discharging his duties, the Commissioner shall ensure that employees of the Internal Revenue Service are familiar with and act in accord with taxpayer rights as afforded by other provisions of this title, including—

(A) the right to be informed,

(B) the right to quality service,

(D) the right to challenge the position of the Internal Revenue Service and be heard,

(E) the right to appeal a decision of the Internal Revenue Service in an independent forum,

(F) the right to finality,

(G) the right to privacy,

(H) the right to confidentiality,

(I) the right to retain representation, and

(J) the right to a fair and just tax system.

(4) Consultation with Board

(b) Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service

(1) Appointment

(2) DutiesThe Chief Counsel shall be the chief law officer for the Internal Revenue Service and shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by the Secretary, including the duty—

(A) to be legal advisor to the Commissioner and the Commissioner’s officers and employees;

(B) to furnish legal opinions for the preparation and review of rulings and memoranda of technical advice;

(C) to prepare, review, and assist in the preparation of proposed legislation, treaties, regulations, and Executive orders relating to laws which affect the Internal Revenue Service;

(D) to represent the Commissioner in cases before the Tax Court; and

(E) to determine which civil actions should be litigated under the laws relating to the Internal Revenue Service and prepare recommendations for the Department of Justice regarding the commencement of such actions.

If the Secretary determines not to delegate a power specified in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E), such determination may not take effect until 30 days after the Secretary notifies the Committees on Ways and Means, Government Reform and Oversight, and Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Finance, Governmental Affairs, and Appropriations of the Senate.

(3) Persons to whom Chief Counsel reportsThe Chief Counsel shall report directly to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, except that—

(A) the Chief Counsel shall report to both the Commissioner and the General Counsel for the Department of the Treasury with respect to—

(i) legal advice or interpretation of the tax law not relating solely to tax policy;

(ii) tax litigation; and

(B) the Chief Counsel shall report to the General Counsel with respect to legal advice or interpretation of the tax law relating solely to tax policy.

If there is any disagreement between the Commissioner and the General Counsel with respect to any matter jointly referred to them under subparagraph (A), such matter shall be submitted to the Secretary or Deputy Secretary for resolution.

(4) Chief Counsel personnel

(1) Establishment

(A) In general

(B) National Taxpayer Advocate

(i) In general

(ii) Appointment

(iii) QualificationsAn individual appointed under clause (ii) shall have—(I) a background in customer service as well as tax law; and(II) experience in representing individual taxpayers.

(iv) Restriction on employment

(2) Functions of office

(A) In generalIt shall be the function of the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate to—

(i) assist taxpayers in resolving problems with the Internal Revenue Service;

(ii) identify areas in which taxpayers have problems in dealings with the Internal Revenue Service;

(iii) to the extent possible, propose changes in the administrative practices of the Internal Revenue Service to mitigate problems identified under clause (ii); and

(iv) identify potential legislative changes which may be appropriate to mitigate such problems.

(B) Annual reports

(i) Objectives

(ii) ActivitiesNot later than December 31 of each calendar year, the National Taxpayer Advocate shall report to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate on the activities of the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate during the fiscal year ending during such calendar year. Any such report shall contain full and substantive analysis, in addition to statistical information, and shall—(I) identify the initiatives the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate has taken on improving taxpayer services and Internal Revenue Service responsiveness;(II) contain recommendations received from individuals with the authority to issue Taxpayer Assistance Orders under section 7811;(III) contain a summary of the 10 most serious problems encountered by taxpayers, including a description of the nature of such problems;(IV) contain an inventory of the items described in subclauses (I), (II), and (III) for which action has been taken and the result of such action;(V) contain an inventory of the items described in subclauses (I), (II), and (III) for which action remains to be completed and the period during which each item has remained on such inventory;(VI) contain an inventory of the items described in subclauses (I), (II), and (III) for which no action has been taken, the period during which each item has remained on such inventory, the reasons for the inaction, and identify any Internal Revenue Service official who is responsible for such inaction;(VII) identify any Taxpayer Assistance Order which was not honored by the Internal Revenue Service in a timely manner, as specified under section 7811(b);(VIII) identify any Taxpayer Advocate Directive which was not honored by the Internal Revenue Service in a timely manner, as specified under paragraph (5);(IX) contain recommendations for such administrative and legislative action as may be appropriate to resolve problems encountered by taxpayers;(X) identify areas of the tax law that impose significant compliance burdens on taxpayers or the Internal Revenue Service, including specific recommendations for remedying these problems;(XI) identify the 10 most litigated issues for each category of taxpayers, including recommendations for mitigating such disputes;(XII) with respect to any statistical information included in such report, include a statement of whether such statistical information was reviewed or provided by the Secretary under section 6108(d) and, if so, whether the Secretary determined such information to be statistically valid and based on sound statistical methodology; and(XIII) include such other information as the National Taxpayer Advocate may deem advisable.

(iii) Report to be submitted directly

(iv) Coordination with report of Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration

(i) monitor the coverage and geographic allocation of local offices of taxpayer advocates;

(ii) develop guidance to be distributed to all Internal Revenue Service officers and employees outlining the criteria for referral of taxpayer inquiries to local offices of taxpayer advocates;

(iii) ensure that the local telephone number for each local office of the taxpayer advocate is published and available to taxpayers served by the office; and

(iv) in conjunction with the Commissioner, develop career paths for local taxpayer advocates choosing to make a career in the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate.

(D) Personnel actions

(i) In generalThe National Taxpayer Advocate shall have the responsibility and authority to—(I) appoint local taxpayer advocates and make available at least 1 such advocate for each State; and(II) evaluate and take personnel actions (including dismissal) with respect to any employee of any local office of a taxpayer advocate described in subclause (I).

(ii) Consultation

(E) Coordination with Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration

(3) Responsibilities of Commissioner

(4) Operation of local offices

(A) In generalEach local taxpayer advocate—

(i) shall report to the National Taxpayer Advocate or delegate thereof;

(ii) may consult with the appropriate supervisory personnel of the Internal Revenue Service regarding the daily operation of the local office of the taxpayer advocate;

(iii) shall, at the initial meeting with any taxpayer seeking the assistance of a local office of the taxpayer advocate, notify such taxpayer that the taxpayer advocate offices operate independently of any other Internal Revenue Service office and report directly to Congress through the National Taxpayer Advocate; and

(iv) may, at the taxpayer advocate’s discretion, not disclose to the Internal Revenue Service contact with, or information provided by, such taxpayer.

(B) Maintenance of independent communications

(5) Taxpayer Advocate DirectivesIn the case of any Taxpayer Advocate Directive issued by the National Taxpayer Advocate pursuant to a delegation of authority from the Commissioner of Internal Revenue—

(A) the Commissioner or a Deputy Commissioner shall modify, rescind, or ensure compliance with such directive not later than 90 days after the issuance of such directive, and

(B) in the case of any directive which is modified or rescinded by a Deputy Commissioner, the National Taxpayer Advocate may (not later than 90 days after such modification or rescission) appeal to the Commissioner, and the Commissioner shall (not later than 90 days after such appeal is made) ensure compliance with such directive as issued by the National Taxpayer Advocate or provide the National Taxpayer Advocate with the reasons for any modification or rescission made or upheld by the Commissioner pursuant to such appeal.

(d) Additional duties of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration

(1) Annual reportingThe Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall include in one of the semiannual reports under section 405 of title 5, United States Code—

(A) an evaluation of the compliance of the Internal Revenue Service with—

(i) restrictions under section 1204 of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 on the use of enforcement statistics to evaluate Internal Revenue Service employees;

(ii) restrictions under section 7521 on directly contacting taxpayers who have indicated that they prefer their representatives be contacted;

(iii) required procedures under section 6320 upon the filing of a notice of a lien;

(iv) required procedures under subchapter D of chapter 64 for seizure of property for collection of taxes, including required procedures under section 6330 regarding levies; and

(v) restrictions under section 3707 of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 on designation of taxpayers;

(B) a review and a certification of whether or not the Secretary is complying with the requirements of section 6103(e)(8) to disclose information to an individual filing a joint return on collection activity involving the other individual filing the return;

(C) information regarding extensions of the statute of limitations for assessment and collection of tax under section 6501 and the provision of notice to taxpayers regarding requests for such extension;

(D) an evaluation of the adequacy and security of the technology of the Internal Revenue Service;

(E) any termination or mitigation under section 1203 of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998;

(F) information regarding improper denial of requests for information from the Internal Revenue Service identified under paragraph (3)(A); and

(G) information regarding any administrative or civil actions with respect to violations of the fair debt collection provisions of section 6304, including—

(i) a summary of such actions initiated since the date of the last report; and

(ii) a summary of any judgments or awards granted as a result of such actions.

(2) Semiannual reports

(A)In general.—The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall include in each semiannual report under section 405 of title 5, United States Code—

(i) the number of taxpayer complaints during the reporting period;

(ii) the number of employee misconduct and taxpayer abuse allegations received by the Internal Revenue Service or the Inspector General during the period from taxpayers, Internal Revenue Service employees, and other sources;

(iii) a summary of the status of such complaints and allegations; and

(iv) a summary of the disposition of such complaints and allegations, including the outcome of any Department of Justice action and any monies paid as a settlement of such complaints and allegations.

(B) Clauses (iii) and (iv) of subparagraph (A) shall only apply to complaints and allegations of serious employee misconduct.

(3) Other responsibilitiesThe Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall—

(A) conduct periodic audits of a statistically valid sample of the total number of determinations made by the Internal Revenue Service to deny written requests to disclose information to taxpayers on the basis of section 6103 of this title or section 552(b)(7) of title 5, United States Code;

(B) establish and maintain a toll-free telephone number for taxpayers to use to confidentially register complaints of misconduct by Internal Revenue Service employees and incorporate the telephone number in the statement required by section 6227 of the Omnibus Taxpayer Bill of Rights (Internal Revenue Service Publication No. 1); and

(e) Independent Office of Appeals

(1) Establishment

(2) Chief of Appeals

(A) In general

(B) Appointment

(i) administration of, and compliance with, Federal tax laws,

(ii) a broad range of compliance cases, and

(iii) management of large service organizations.

(3) Purposes and duties of officeIt shall be the function of the Internal Revenue Service Independent Office of Appeals to resolve Federal tax controversies without litigation on a basis which—

(A) is fair and impartial to both the Government and the taxpayer,

(B) promotes a consistent application and interpretation of, and voluntary compliance with, the Federal tax laws, and

(4) Right of appeal

(5) Limitation on designation of cases as not eligible for referral to Independent Office of Appeals

(A) In generalIf any taxpayer which is in receipt of a notice of deficiency authorized under section 6212 requests referral to the Internal Revenue Service Independent Office of Appeals and such request is denied, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue shall provide such taxpayer a written notice which—

(i) provides a detailed description of the facts involved, the basis for the decision to deny the request, and a detailed explanation of how the basis of such decision applies to such facts, and

(ii) describes the procedures prescribed under subparagraph (C) for protesting the decision to deny the request.

(B) Report to Congress

(D) Not applicable to frivolous positions

(6) Staff

(A) In general

(B) Access to staff of Office of the Chief Counsel

(7)1

1 See Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note below.

Access to case files

(A) In general

(B) Taxpayer election to expedite conference

(i) In generalThe term “specified taxpayer” means—(I) in the case of any taxpayer who is a natural person, a taxpayer whose adjusted gross income does not exceed $400,000 for the taxable year to which the dispute relates, and(II) in the case of any other taxpayer, a taxpayer whose gross receipts do not exceed $5 million for the taxable year to which the dispute relates.

(ii) Aggregation rule

(f) Internal Revenue Service Chief Information Officer

(1) In general

(2) Centralized responsibility for Internal Revenue Service information technology

(3) General duties and responsibilitiesThe IRS CIO shall—

(A) be responsible for the development, implementation, and maintenance of information technology for the Internal Revenue Service,

(B) ensure that the information technology of the Internal Revenue Service is secure and integrated,

(D) be the principal advocate for the information technology needs of the Internal Revenue Service, and

(E) consult with the Chief Procurement Officer of the Internal Revenue Service to ensure that the information technology acquired for the Internal Revenue Service is consistent with—

(i) the goals and requirements specified in subparagraphs (A) through (D), and

(ii) the strategic plan developed under paragraph (4).

(4) Strategic plan

(A) In generalThe IRS CIO shall develop and implement a multiyear strategic plan for the information technology needs of the Internal Revenue Service. Such plan shall—

(i) include performance measurements of such technology and of the implementation of such plan,

(ii) include a plan for an integrated enterprise architecture of the information technology of the Internal Revenue Service,

(iii) include and take into account the resources needed to accomplish such plan,

(iv) take into account planned major acquisitions of information technology by the Internal Revenue Service, and

(v) align with the needs and strategic plan of the Internal Revenue Service.

(B) Plan updates

(5) Scope of authority

(A) Information technology

(B) Internal Revenue ServiceAny reference in this subsection to the Internal Revenue Service includes a reference to all components of the Internal Revenue Service, including—

(i) the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate,

(ii) the Criminal Investigation Division of the Internal Revenue Service, and

(iii) except as otherwise provided by the Secretary with respect to information technology related to matters described in subsection (b)(3)(B), the Office of the Chief Counsel.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 915; Pub. L. 92–310, title II, § 230(e), June 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 209; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(a)(58), (b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1833, 1834; Pub. L. 105–206, title I, § 1102(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 697; Pub. L. 110–176, § 1(a), Jan. 4, 2008, 121 Stat. 2532; Pub. L. 110–428, § 2(c), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4840; Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title IV, § 401(a), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3117; Pub. L. 116–25, title I, §§ 1001(a), 1301(a)–(b)(2), (3)(B)–(c), title II, § 2101(a), July 1, 2019, 133 Stat. 983, 991–993, 1008; Pub. L. 117–286, § 4(b)(46), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4348.)

§ 7804. Other personnel

(a) Appointment and supervision

(b) Posts of duty of employees in field service or traveling

Unless otherwise prescribed by the Secretary—

(1) Designation of post of duty

(2) Detail of personnel from field service

(d) Prohibition on rehiring employees involuntarily separated

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 916; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 105–206, title I, § 1104(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 710; Pub. L. 116–25, title III, § 3001(a), July 1, 2019, 133 Stat. 1014.)

§ 7805. Rules and regulations

(a) Authorization

(b) Retroactivity of regulations

(1) In general

Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, no temporary, proposed, or final regulation relating to the internal revenue laws shall apply to any taxable period ending before the earliest of the following dates:

(A) The date on which such regulation is filed with the Federal Register.

(B) In the case of any final regulation, the date on which any proposed or temporary regulation to which such final regulation relates was filed with the Federal Register.

(C) The date on which any notice substantially describing the expected contents of any temporary, proposed, or final regulation is issued to the public.

(2) Exception for promptly issued regulations

(3) Prevention of abuse

(4) Correction of procedural defects

(5) Internal regulations

(6) Congressional authorization

(7) Election to apply retroactively

(8) Application to rulings

(d) Manner of making elections prescribed by Secretary

(e) Temporary regulations

(1) Issuance

(2) 3-year duration

(f) Review of impact of regulations on small business

(1) Submissions to Small Business Administration

(2) Consideration of comments

In prescribing any final regulation which supersedes a proposed or temporary regulation which had been submitted under this subsection to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration—

(A) the Secretary shall consider the comments of the Chief Counsel for Advocacy on such proposed or temporary regulation, and

(B) the Secretary shall discuss any response to such comments in the preamble of such final regulation.

(3) Submission of certain final regulations

In the case of the promulgation by the Secretary of any final regulation (other than a temporary regulation) which does not supersede a proposed regulation, the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2) shall apply; except that—

(A) the submission under paragraph (1) shall be made at least 4 weeks before the date of such promulgation, and

(B) the consideration (and discussion) required under paragraph (2) shall be made in connection with the promulgation of such final regulation.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 917; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, § 43(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 558; Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, § 6232(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3734; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11621(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–503; Pub. L. 104–168, title XI, § 1101(a), July 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 1468; Pub. L. 105–206, title III, § 3704, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 777.)

§ 7806. Construction of title

(a) Cross references

(b) Arrangement and classification

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 917.)

§ 7807. Rules in effect upon enactment of this title

(a) Interim provision for administration of title

(b) Provisions of this title corresponding to prior internal revenue laws

(1) Reference to law applicable to prior period

(2) Elections or other acts

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 917.)

§ 7808. Depositaries for collections

The Secretary is authorized to designate one or more depositaries in each State for the deposit and safe-keeping of the money collected by virtue of the internal revenue laws; and the receipt of the proper officer of such depositary to the proper officer or employee of the Treasury Department for the money deposited by him shall be a sufficient voucher for such Treasury officer or employee in the settlement of his accounts.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 918; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834.)

§ 7809. Deposit of collections

(a) General rule

(b) Deposit funds

In accordance with instructions of the Secretary, there shall be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States in a deposit fund account—

(1) Sums offered in compromise

(2) Sums offered for purchase of real estate

(3) Surplus proceeds in sales under levy

(4) Surplus proceeds in sales of redeemed property

Upon the acceptance of such offer in compromise or offer for the purchase of such real estate, the amount so accepted shall be withdrawn from such deposit fund account and deposited in the Treasury of the United States as internal revenue collections. Upon the rejection of any such offer, the Secretary shall refund to the maker of such offer the amount thereof.

Moneys received in payment for—

(1) work or services performed pursuant to section 6103(p) (relating to furnishing of copies of returns or of return information), and section 6108(b) (relating to special statistical studies and compilations);

(2) work or services performed (including materials supplied) pursuant to section 7516 (relating to the supplying of training and training aids on request);

(3) other work or services performed for a State or a department or agency of the Federal Government (subject to all provisions of law and regulations governing disclosure of information) in supplying copies of, or data from, returns, statements, or other documents filed under authority of this title or records maintained in connection with the administration and enforcement of this title; and

(4) work or services performed (including materials supplied) pursuant to section 6110 (relating to public inspection of written determinations),

shall be deposited in a separate account which may be used to reimburse appropriations which bore all or part of the costs of such work or services, or to refund excess sums when necessary.

(d) Deposit of funds for law enforcement agency account

(1) In general

(2) Deposit in Treasury as internal revenue collections

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 918; Pub. L. 87–870, § 3(b), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1161; Pub. L. 89–719, title I, § 112(b), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1146; Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, § 1202(h)(5), title XIX, §§ 1906(a)(59), (b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1688, 1833, 1834; Pub. L. 94–528, § 2(d), Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2483; Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7602(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4507; Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, § 881(a)(2)(A), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1626; Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(a)(334), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1200.)

§ 7810. Revolving fund for redemption of real property

(a) Establishment of fund

(b) Reimbursement of fund

(Added Pub. L. 89–719, title I, § 112(a), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1145; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 443, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 816.)

§ 7811. Taxpayer Assistance Orders

(a) Authority to issue

(1) In generalUpon application filed by a taxpayer with the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate (in such form, manner, and at such time as the Secretary shall by regulations prescribe), the National Taxpayer Advocate may issue a Taxpayer Assistance Order if—

(A) the National Taxpayer Advocate determines the taxpayer is suffering or about to suffer a significant hardship as a result of the manner in which the internal revenue laws are being administered by the Secretary; or

(B) the taxpayer meets such other requirements as are set forth in regulations prescribed by the Secretary.

(2) Determination of hardshipFor purposes of paragraph (1), a significant hardship shall include—

(A) an immediate threat of adverse action;

(B) a delay of more than 30 days in resolving taxpayer account problems;

(C) the incurring by the taxpayer of significant costs (including fees for professional representation) if relief is not granted; or

(D) irreparable injury to, or a long-term adverse impact on, the taxpayer if relief is not granted.

(3) Standard where administrative guidance not followed

(b) Terms of a Taxpayer Assistance OrderThe terms of a Taxpayer Assistance Order may require the Secretary within a specified time period—

(1) to release property of the taxpayer levied upon, or

(2) to cease any action, take any action as permitted by law, or refrain from taking any action, with respect to the taxpayer under—

(A) chapter 64 (relating to collection),

(B) subchapter B of chapter 70 (relating to bankruptcy and receiverships),

(D) any other provision of law which is specifically described by the National Taxpayer Advocate in such order.

(c) Authority to modify or rescindAny Taxpayer Assistance Order issued by the National Taxpayer Advocate under this section may be modified or rescinded—

(1) only by the National Taxpayer Advocate, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, or the Deputy Commissioner of Internal Revenue, and

(2) only if a written explanation of the reasons for the modification or rescission is provided to the National Taxpayer Advocate.

(d) Suspension of running of period of limitationThe running of any period of limitation with respect to any action described in subsection (b) shall be suspended for—

(1) the period beginning on the date of the taxpayer’s application under subsection (a) and ending on the date of the National Taxpayer Advocate’s decision with respect to such application, and

(2) any period specified by the National Taxpayer Advocate in a Taxpayer Assistance Order issued pursuant to such application.

(e) Independent action of National Taxpayer Advocate

(f) National Taxpayer Advocate

(g) Application to persons performing services under a qualified tax collection contract

(Added Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, § 6230(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3733; amended Pub. L. 104–168, title I, §§ 101(b)(1), 102(a), (b), July 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 1455, 1456; Pub. L. 105–206, title I, § 1102(c), (d)(1)(C)–(G), (2), (3), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 703, 704; Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title III, § 319(28), (29)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–648; Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, § 881(c), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1626.)

§ 7812. Streamlined critical pay authority for information technology positionsIn the case of any position which is critical to the functionality of the information technology operations of the Internal Revenue Service—

(1)section 9503 of title 5, United States Code, shall be applied—

(A) by substituting “during the period beginning on the date of the enactment of section 7812 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and ending on September 30, 2025” for “Before September 30, 2013 in subsection (a)” 1

1 So in original. The closing quotation marks probably should follow “Before September 30, 2013” instead of “(a)”.

(B) without regard to subparagraph (B) of subsection (a)(1), and

(2) section 9504 of such title 5 shall be applied by substituting “During the period beginning on the date of the enactment of section 7812 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and ending on September 30, 2025” for “Before September 30, 2013” each place it appears in subsections (a) and (b), and

(3) section 9505 of such title shall be applied—

(A) by substituting “During the period beginning on the date of the enactment of section 7812 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and ending on September 30, 2025” for “Before September 30, 2013” in subsection (a), and

(B) by substituting “the information technology operations” for “significant functions” in subsection (a).

(Added Pub. L. 116–25, title II, § 2103(a), July 1, 2019, 133 Stat. 1011.)