- § 7401. Authorization
- § 7402. Jurisdiction of district courts
- § 7403. Action to enforce lien or to subject property to payment of tax
- § 7404. Authority to bring civil action for estate taxes
- § 7405. Action for recovery of erroneous refunds
- § 7406. Disposition of judgments and moneys recovered
- § 7407. Action to enjoin tax return preparers
- § 7408. Actions to enjoin specified conduct related to tax shelters and reportable transactions
- § 7409. Action to enjoin flagrant political expenditures of section 501(c)(3) organizations
- § 7410. Cross references
§ 7401. Authorization
No civil action for the collection or recovery of taxes, or of any fine, penalty, or forfeiture, shall be commenced unless the Secretary authorizes or sanctions the proceedings and the Attorney General or his delegate directs that the action be commenced.
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 873; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834.)
§ 7402. Jurisdiction of district courts
(a) To issue orders, processes, and judgments
(b) To enforce summons
(c) For damages to United States officers or employees
[(d) Repealed. Pub. L. 92–310, title II, § 230(d), June 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 209]
(e) To quiet title
(f) General jurisdiction
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 873; Pub. L. 89–719, title I, § 107(a), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1140; Pub. L. 93–310, title II, § 230(d), June 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 209.)
§ 7403. Action to enforce lien or to subject property to payment of tax
(a) Filing
(b) Parties
(c) Adjudication and decree
(d) Receivership
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 874; Pub. L. 89–719, title I, § 107(b), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1140; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), title XX, § 2004(f)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834, 1872; Pub. L. 97–34, title IV, § 422(e)(8), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 316.)
§ 7404. Authority to bring civil action for estate taxes
If the estate tax imposed by chapter 11 is not paid on or before the due date thereof, the Secretary shall proceed to collect the tax under the provisions of general law; or appropriate proceedings in the name of the United States may be commenced in any court of the United States having jurisdiction to subject the property of the decedent to be sold under the judgment or decree of the court. From the proceeds of such sale the amount of the tax, together with the costs and expenses of every description to be allowed by the court, shall be first paid, and the balance shall be deposited according to the order of the court, to be paid under its direction to the person entitled thereto. This section insofar as it applies to the collection of a deficiency shall be subject to the provisions of sections 6213 and 6601.
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 874; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834.)
§ 7405. Action for recovery of erroneous refunds
(a) Refunds after limitation period
(b) Refunds otherwise erroneous
(c) Interest
(d) Periods of limitation
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 874.)
§ 7406. Disposition of judgments and moneys recovered
All judgments and moneys recovered or received for taxes, costs, forfeitures, and penalties shall be paid to the Secretary as collections of internal revenue taxes.
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 875; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834.)
§ 7407. Action to enjoin tax return preparers
(a) Authority to seek injunction
(b) Adjudication and decreesIn any action under subsection (a), if the court finds—
(1) that a tax return preparer has—
(A) engaged in any conduct subject to penalty under section 6694 or 6695, or subject to any criminal penalty provided by this title,
(B) misrepresented his eligibility to practice before the Internal Revenue Service, or otherwise misrepresented his experience or education as a tax return preparer,
(C) guaranteed the payment of any tax refund or the allowance of any tax credit, or
(D) engaged in any other fraudulent or deceptive conduct which substantially interferes with the proper administration of the Internal Revenue laws, and
(2) that injunctive relief is appropriate to prevent the recurrence of such conduct,
the court may enjoin such person from further engaging in such conduct. If the court finds that a tax return preparer has continually or repeatedly engaged in any conduct described in subparagraphs (A) through (D) of this subsection and that an injunction prohibiting such conduct would not be sufficient to prevent such person’s interference with the proper administration of this title, the court may enjoin such person from acting as a tax return preparer.
(Added Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, § 1203(g), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1693; amended Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, § 7738(a), (b), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2404; Pub. L. 110–28, title VIII, § 8246(a)(2)(I)(i), May 25, 2007, 121 Stat. 202.)
§ 7408. Actions to enjoin specified conduct related to tax shelters and reportable transactions
(a) Authority to seek injunction
(b) Adjudication and decree
In any action under subsection (a), if the court finds—
(1) that the person has engaged in any specified conduct, and
(2) that injunctive relief is appropriate to prevent recurrence of such conduct,
the court may enjoin such person from engaging in such conduct or in any other activity subject to penalty under this title.
(c) Specified conduct
For purposes of this section, the term “specified conduct” means any action, or failure to take action, which is—
(1) subject to penalty under section 6700, 6701, 6707, or 6708, or
(2) in violation of any requirement under regulations issued under section 330 of title 31, United States Code.
(d) Citizens and residents outside the United States
(Added Pub. L. 97–248, title III, § 321(a), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 612; amended Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, § 143(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 682; Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, § 820(a), (b)(1), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1585.)
§ 7409. Action to enjoin flagrant political expenditures of section 501(c)(3) organizations
(a) Authority to seek injunction
(1) In general
(2) RequirementsAn action may be brought under subsection (a) only if—
(A) the Internal Revenue Service has notified the organization of its intention to seek an injunction under this section if the making of political expenditures does not immediately cease, and
(B) the Commissioner of Internal Revenue has personally determined that—
(i) such organization has flagrantly participated in, or intervened in (including the publication or distribution of statements), any political campaign on behalf of (or in opposition to) any candidate for public office, and
(ii) injunctive relief is appropriate to prevent future political expenditures.
(b) Adjudication and decreeIn any action under subsection (a), if the court finds on the basis of clear and convincing evidence that—
(1) such organization has flagrantly participated in, or intervened in (including the publication or distribution of statements), any political campaign on behalf of (or in opposition to) any candidate for public office, and
(2) injunctive relief is appropriate to prevent future political expenditures,
the court may enjoin such organization from making political expenditures and may grant such other relief as may be appropriate to ensure that the assets of such organization are preserved for charitable or other purposes specified in section 501(c)(3).
(c) Definitions
(Added Pub. L. 100–203, title X, § 10713(a)(1), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–468.)
§ 7410. Cross references
(1) For provisions for collecting taxes in general, see chapter 64.
(2) For venue in a civil action for the collection of any tax, see section 1396 of Title 28 of the United States Code.
(3) For venue of a proceeding for the recovery of any fine, penalty, or forfeiture, see section 1395 of Title 28 of the United States Code.
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 875, § 7407; renumbered § 7408, Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, § 1203(g), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1693; renumbered § 7409, Pub. L. 97–248, title III, § 321(a), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 612; renumbered § 7410, Pub. L. 100–203, title X, § 10713(a)(1), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–468.)