26 USC 4959 - Taxes on failures by hospital organizations

Collapse to view only § 4959. Taxes on failures by hospital organizations

§ 4958. Taxes on excess benefit transactions
§ 4959. Taxes on failures by hospital organizations
§ 4960. Tax on excess tax-exempt organization executive compensation

§ 4958. Taxes on excess benefit transactions

(a) Initial taxes

(1) On the disqualified person

(2) On the management

(b) Additional tax on the disqualified person

(1) Excess benefit transaction

(A) In general

(B) Excess benefit

(2) Special rules for donor advised fundsIn the case of any donor advised fund (as defined in section 4966(d)(2))—

(A) the term “excess benefit transaction” includes any grant, loan, compensation, or other similar payment from such fund to a person described in subsection (f)(7) with respect to such fund, and

(B) the term “excess benefit” includes, with respect to any transaction described in subparagraph (A), the amount of any such grant, loan, compensation, or other similar payment.

(3) Special rules for supporting organizations

(A) In generalIn the case of any organization described in section 509(a)(3)—

(i) the term “excess benefit transaction” includes—(I) any grant, loan, compensation, or other similar payment provided by such organization to a person described in subparagraph (B), and(II) any loan provided by such organization to a disqualified person (other than an organization described in subparagraph (C)(ii)), and

(ii) the term “excess benefit” includes, with respect to any transaction described in clause (i), the amount of any such grant, loan, compensation, or other similar payment.

(B) Person describedA person is described in this subparagraph if such person is—

(i) a substantial contributor to such organization,

(ii) a member of the family (determined under section 4958(f)(4)) of an individual described in clause (i), or

(iii) a 35-percent controlled entity (as defined in section 4958(f)(3) by substituting “persons described in clause (i) or (ii) of section 4958(c)(3)(B)” for “persons described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1)” in subparagraph (A)(i) thereof).

(i) In general

(ii) ExceptionSuch term shall not include—(I) any organization described in paragraph (1), (2), or (4) of section 509(a), and(II) any organization which is treated as described in such paragraph (2) by reason of the last sentence of section 509(a) and which is a supported organization (as defined in section 509(f)(3)) of the organization to which subparagraph (A) applies.

(4) Authority to include certain other private inurement

(d) Special rulesFor purposes of this section—

(1) Joint and several liability

(2) Limit for management

(e) Applicable tax-exempt organizationFor purposes of this subchapter, the term “applicable tax-exempt organization” means—

(1) any organization which (without regard to any excess benefit) would be described in paragraph (3), (4), or (29) of section 501(c) and exempt from tax under section 501(a), and

(2) any organization which was described in paragraph (1) at any time during the 5-year period ending on the date of the transaction.

Such term shall not include a private foundation (as defined in section 509(a)).

(f) Other definitionsFor purposes of this section—

(1) Disqualified personThe term “disqualified person” means, with respect to any transaction—

(A) any person who was, at any time during the 5-year period ending on the date of such transaction, in a position to exercise substantial influence over the affairs of the organization,

(B) a member of the family of an individual described in subparagraph (A),

(D) any person who is described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) with respect to an organization described in section 509(a)(3) and organized and operated exclusively for the benefit of, to perform the functions of, or to carry out the purposes of the applicable tax-exempt organization,

(E) which involves a donor advised fund (as defined in section 4966(d)(2)), any person who is described in paragraph (7) with respect to such donor advised fund (as so defined), and

(F) which involves a sponsoring organization (as defined in section 4966(d)(1)), any person who is described in paragraph (8) with respect to such sponsoring organization (as so defined).

(2) Organization manager

(3) 35-percent controlled entity

(A) In generalThe term “35-percent controlled entity” means—

(i) a corporation in which persons described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) own more than 35 percent of the total combined voting power,

(ii) a partnership in which such persons own more than 35 percent of the profits interest, and

(iii) a trust or estate in which such persons own more than 35 percent of the beneficial interest.

(B) Constructive ownership rules

(4) Family members

(5) Taxable periodThe term “taxable period” means, with respect to any excess benefit transaction, the period beginning with the date on which the transaction occurs and ending on the earliest of—

(A) the date of mailing a notice of deficiency under section 6212 with respect to the tax imposed by subsection (a)(1), or

(B) the date on which the tax imposed by subsection (a)(1) is assessed.

(6) Correction

(7) Donors and donor advisorsFor purposes of paragraph (1)(E), a person is described in this paragraph if such person—

(A) is described in section 4966(d)(2)(A)(iii),

(B) is a member of the family of an individual described in subparagraph (A), or

(C) is a 35-percent controlled entity (as defined in paragraph (3) by substituting “persons described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (7)” for “persons described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1)” in subparagraph (A)(i) thereof).

(8) Investment advisorsFor purposes of paragraph (1)(F)—

(A) In generalA person is described in this paragraph if such person—

(i) is an investment advisor,

(ii) is a member of the family of an individual described in clause (i), or

(iii) is a 35-percent controlled entity (as defined in paragraph (3) by substituting “persons described in clause (i) or (ii) of paragraph (8)(A)” for “persons described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1)” in subparagraph (A)(i) thereof).

(B) Investment advisor defined

(Added Pub. L. 104–168, title XIII, § 1311(a), July 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 1475; amended Pub. L. 109–280, title XII, §§ 1212(a)(3), 1232(a), (b), 1242(a), (b), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1074, 1098, 1099, 1104; Pub. L. 110–172, § 3(i), Dec. 29, 2007, 121 Stat. 2475; Pub. L. 111–148, title I, § 1322(h)(3), Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 192; Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(a)(224), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1194.)

§ 4959. Taxes on failures by hospital organizations

If a hospital organization to which section 501(r) applies fails to meet the requirement of section 501(r)(3) for any taxable year, there is imposed on the organization a tax equal to $50,000.

(Added Pub. L. 111–148, title IX, § 9007(b)(1), Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 857.)

§ 4960. Tax on excess tax-exempt organization executive compensation

(a) Tax imposed

There is hereby imposed a tax equal to the product of the rate of tax under section 11 and the sum of—

(1) so much of the remuneration paid (other than any excess parachute payment) by an applicable tax-exempt organization for the taxable year with respect to employment of any covered employee in excess of $1,000,000, plus

(2) any excess parachute payment paid by such an organization to any covered employee.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, remuneration shall be treated as paid when there is no substantial risk of forfeiture (within the meaning of section 457(f)(3)(B)) of the rights to such remuneration.

(b) Liability for tax

For purposes of this section—

(1) Applicable tax-exempt organization

The term “applicable tax-exempt organization” means any organization which for the taxable year—

(A) is exempt from taxation under section 501(a),

(B) is a farmers’ cooperative organization described in section 521(b)(1),

(D) is a political organization described in section 527(e)(1).

(2) Covered employee

For purposes of this section, the term “covered employee” means any employee (including any former employee) of an applicable tax-exempt organization if the employee—

(A) is one of the 5 highest compensated employees of the organization for the taxable year, or

(B) was a covered employee of the organization (or any predecessor) for any preceding taxable year beginning after December 31, 2016.

(3) Remuneration

For purposes of this section:

(A) In general

(B) Exception for remuneration for medical services

(4) Remuneration from related organizations

(A) In general

(B) Related organizations

A person or governmental entity shall be treated as related to an applicable tax-exempt organization if such person or governmental entity—

(i) controls, or is controlled by, the organization,

(ii) is controlled by one or more persons which control the organization,

(iii) is a supported organization (as defined in section 509(f)(3)) during the taxable year with respect to the organization,

(iv) is a supporting organization described in section 509(a)(3) during the taxable year with respect to the organization, or

(v) in the case of an organization which is a voluntary employees’ beneficiary association described in section 501(c)(9), establishes, maintains, or makes contributions to such voluntary employees’ beneficiary association.

In any case in which remuneration from more than one employer is taken into account under this paragraph in determining the tax imposed by subsection (a), each such employer shall be liable for such tax in an amount which bears the same ratio to the total tax determined under subsection (a) with respect to such remuneration as—

(i) the amount of remuneration paid by such employer with respect to such employee, bears to

(ii) the amount of remuneration paid by all such employers to such employee.

(5) Excess parachute payment

For purposes of determining the tax imposed by subsection (a)(2)—

(A) In general

(B) Parachute payment

The term “parachute payment” means any payment in the nature of compensation to (or for the benefit of) a covered employee if—

(i) such payment is contingent on such employee’s separation from employment with the employer, and

(ii) the aggregate present value of the payments in the nature of compensation to (or for the benefit of) such individual which are contingent on such separation equals or exceeds an amount equal to 3 times the base amount.

Such term does not include any payment—

(i) described in section 280G(b)(6) (relating to exemption for payments under qualified plans),

(ii) made under or to an annuity contract described in section 403(b) or a plan described in section 457(b),

(iii) to a licensed medical professional (including a veterinarian) to the extent that such payment is for the performance of medical or veterinary services by such professional, or

(iv) to an individual who is not a highly compensated employee as defined in section 414(q).

(D) Base amount

(E) Property transfers; present value

(6) Coordination with deduction limitation

(d) Regulations

(Added Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13602(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2157.)