26 USC 1045 - Rollover of gain from qualified small business stock to another qualified small business stock

Collapse to view only § 1045. Rollover of gain from qualified small business stock to another qualified small business stock

§ 1031. Exchange of real property held for productive use or investment
§ 1032. Exchange of stock for property
§ 1033. Involuntary conversions
[§ 1034. Repealed.
§ 1035. Certain exchanges of insurance policies
§ 1036. Stock for stock of same corporation
§ 1037. Certain exchanges of United States obligations
§ 1038. Certain reacquisitions of real property
[§ 1039. Repealed.
§ 1040. Transfer of certain farm, etc., real property
§ 1041. Transfers of property between spouses or incident to divorce
§ 1042. Sales of stock to employee stock ownership plans or certain cooperatives
§ 1043. Sale of property to comply with conflict-of-interest requirements
[§ 1044. Repealed.
§ 1045. Rollover of gain from qualified small business stock to another qualified small business stock

§ 1031. Exchange of real property held for productive use or investment

(a) Nonrecognition of gain or loss from exchanges solely in kind

(1) In general

(2) Exception for real property held for sale

(3) Requirement that property be identified and that exchange be completed not more than 180 days after transfer of exchanged propertyFor purposes of this subsection, any property received by the taxpayer shall be treated as property which is not like-kind property if—

(A) such property is not identified as property to be received in the exchange on or before the day which is 45 days after the date on which the taxpayer transfers the property relinquished in the exchange, or

(B) such property is received after the earlier of—

(i) the day which is 180 days after the date on which the taxpayer transfers the property relinquished in the exchange, or

(ii) the due date (determined with regard to extension) for the transferor’s return of the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year in which the transfer of the relinquished property occurs.

(b) Gain from exchanges not solely in kind

(d) Basis

(e) Application to certain partnerships

(f) Special rules for exchanges between related persons

(1) In generalIf—

(A) a taxpayer exchanges property with a related person,

(B) there is nonrecognition of gain or loss to the taxpayer under this section with respect to the exchange of such property (determined without regard to this subsection), and

(i) the related person disposes of such property, or

(ii) the taxpayer disposes of the property received in the exchange from the related person which was of like kind to the property transferred by the taxpayer,

there shall be no nonrecognition of gain or loss under this section to the taxpayer with respect to such exchange; except that any gain or loss recognized by the taxpayer by reason of this subsection shall be taken into account as of the date on which the disposition referred to in subparagraph (C) occurs.

(2) Certain dispositions not taken into accountFor purposes of paragraph (1)(C), there shall not be taken into account any disposition—

(A) after the earlier of the death of the taxpayer or the death of the related person,

(B) in a compulsory or involuntary conversion (within the meaning of section 1033) if the exchange occurred before the threat or imminence of such conversion, or

(C) with respect to which it is established to the satisfaction of the Secretary that neither the exchange nor such disposition had as one of its principal purposes the avoidance of Federal income tax.

(3) Related person

(4) Treatment of certain transactions

(g) Special rule where substantial diminution of risk

(1) In general

(2) Property to which subsection appliesThis paragraph shall apply to any property for any period during which the holder’s risk of loss with respect to the property is substantially diminished by—

(A) the holding of a put with respect to such property,

(B) the holding by another person of a right to acquire such property, or

(h) Special rules for foreign real property

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 302; Pub. L. 85–866, title I, § 44, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1641; Pub. L. 86–346, title II, § 201(c)–(e), Sept. 22, 1959, 73 Stat. 624; Pub. L. 91–172, title II, § 212(c)(1), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 571; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, § 77(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 595; Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1805(d), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2810; Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, § 7601(a), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2370; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §§ 11701(h), 11703(d)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–508, 1388–517; Pub. L. 105–34, title X, § 1052(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 940; Pub. L. 106–36, title III, § 3001(c)(2), June 25, 1999, 113 Stat. 183; Pub. L. 109–135, title IV, § 412(pp), Dec. 21, 2005, 119 Stat. 2640; Pub. L. 110–234, title XV, § 15342(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1518; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title XV, § 15342(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2280; Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13303(a)–(b)(5), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2123, 2124.)

§ 1032. Exchange of stock for property

(a) Nonrecognition of gain or loss

(b) Basis

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 303; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, § 57(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 574; Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title IV, § 401(c)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–649.)

§ 1033. Involuntary conversions

(a) General rule

If property (as a result of its destruction in whole or in part, theft, seizure, or requisition or condemnation or threat or imminence thereof) is compulsorily or involuntarily converted—

(1) Conversion into similar property

(2) Conversion into money

Into money or into property not similar or related in service or use to the converted property, the gain (if any) shall be recognized except to the extent hereinafter provided in this paragraph:

(A) Nonrecognition of gain

If the taxpayer during the period specified in subparagraph (B), for the purpose of replacing the property so converted, purchases other property similar or related in service or use to the property so converted, or purchases stock in the acquisition of control of a corporation owning such other property, at the election of the taxpayer the gain shall be recognized only to the extent that the amount realized upon such conversion (regardless of whether such amount is received in one or more taxable years) exceeds the cost of such other property or such stock. Such election shall be made at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe. For purposes of this paragraph—

(i) no property or stock acquired before the disposition of the converted property shall be considered to have been acquired for the purpose of replacing such converted property unless held by the taxpayer on the date of such disposition; and

(ii) the taxpayer shall be considered to have purchased property or stock only if, but for the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, the unadjusted basis of such property or stock would be its cost within the meaning of section 1012.

(B) Period within which property must be replaced

The period referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be the period beginning with the date of the disposition of the converted property, or the earliest date of the threat or imminence of requisition or condemnation of the converted property, whichever is the earlier, and ending—

(i) 2 years after the close of the first taxable year in which any part of the gain upon the conversion is realized, or

(ii) subject to such terms and conditions as may be specified by the Secretary, at the close of such later date as the Secretary may designate on application by the taxpayer. Such application shall be made at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe.

(C)

If a taxpayer has made the election provided in subparagraph (A), then—

(i) the statutory period for the assessment of any deficiency, for any taxable year in which any part of the gain on such conversion is realized, attributable to such gain shall not expire prior to the expiration of 3 years from the date the Secretary is notified by the taxpayer (in such manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe) of the replacement of the converted property or of an intention not to replace, and

(ii) such deficiency may be assessed before the expiration of such 3–year period notwithstanding the provisions of section 6212(c) or the provisions of any other law or rule of law which would otherwise prevent such assessment.

(D) Time for assessment of other deficiencies attributable to election

(E) Definitions

For purposes of this paragraph—

(i) Control

(ii) Disposition of the converted property

(b) Basis of property acquired through involuntary conversion

(1) Conversions described in subsection (a)(1)

If the property was acquired as the result of a compulsory or involuntary conversion described in subsection (a)(1), the basis shall be the same as in the case of the property so converted—

(A) decreased in the amount of any money received by the taxpayer which was not expended in accordance with the provisions of law (applicable to the year in which such conversion was made) determining the taxable status of the gain or loss upon such conversion, and

(B) increased in the amount of gain or decreased in the amount of loss to the taxpayer recognized upon such conversion under the law applicable to the year in which such conversion was made.

(2) Conversions described in subsection (a)(2)

(3) Property held by corporation the stock of which is replacement property

(A) In general

(B) Limitation

The decrease required under subparagraph (A) shall be allocated—

(i) first to property which is similar or related in service or use to the converted property,

(ii) second to depreciable property (as defined in section 1017(b)(3)(B)) not described in clause (i), and

(iii) then to other property.

(D) Special rules

(i) Reduction not to exceed adjusted basis of property

(ii) Allocation of reduction among properties

(d) Livestock destroyed by disease

(e) Livestock sold on account of drought, flood, or other weather-related conditions

(1) In general

(2) Extension of replacement period

(A) In general

(B) Further extension by Secretary

(f) Replacement of livestock with other farm property in certain cases

(g) Condemnation of real property held for productive use in trade or business or for investment

(1) Special rule

(2) Limitations

(3) Election to treat outdoor advertising displays as real property

(A) In general

(B) Election

(D) Character of replacement property

(4) Special rule

(h) Special rules for property damaged by federally declared disasters

(1) Principal residences

If the taxpayer’s principal residence or any of its contents is located in a disaster area and is compulsorily or involuntarily converted as a result of a federally declared disaster—

(A) Treatment of insurance proceeds

(i) Exclusion for unscheduled personal property

(ii) Other proceeds treated as common fund

In the case of any insurance proceeds (not described in clause (i)) for such residence or contents—

(I) such proceeds shall be treated as received for the conversion of a single item of property, and(II) any property which is similar or related in service or use to the residence so converted (or contents thereof) shall be treated for purposes of subsection (a)(2) as property similar or related in service or use to such single item of property.

(B) Extension of replacement period

(2) Trade or business and investment property

(3) Federally declared disaster; disaster area

(4) Principal residence

(i) Replacement property must be acquired from unrelated person in certain cases

(1) In general

(2) Taxpayers to which subsection applies

This subsection shall apply to—

(A) a C corporation,

(B) a partnership in which 1 or more C corporations own, directly or indirectly (determined in accordance with section 707(b)(3)), more than 50 percent of the capital interest, or profits interest, in such partnership at the time of the involuntary conversion, and

(C) any other taxpayer if, with respect to property which is involuntarily converted during the taxable year, the aggregate of the amount of realized gain on such property on which there is realized gain exceeds $100,000.

In the case of a partnership, subparagraph (C) shall apply with respect to the partnership and with respect to each partner. A similar rule shall apply in the case of an S corporation and its shareholders.

(3) Related person

(j) Sales or exchanges under certain hazard mitigation programs

(k) Cross references

(1) For determination of the period for which the taxpayer has held property involuntarily converted, see section 1223.

(2) For treatment of gains from involuntary conversions as capital gains in certain cases, see section 1231(a).

(3) For exclusion from gross income of gain from involuntary conversion of principal residence, see section 121.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 303; June 29, 1956, ch. 464, § 5(a), 70 Stat. 407; Pub. L. 85–866, title I, §§ 45, 46(a), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1641; Pub. L. 88–272, title II, § 206(b)(3), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 40; Pub. L. 91–172, title IX, § 915(a), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 723; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §§ 1901(a)(128), 1906(b)(13)(A), title XXI, §§ 2127(a), 2140(a), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1785, 1834, 1920, 1932; Pub. L. 95–600, title IV, § 404(c)(4), title V, § 542(a), title VII, § 703(j)(5), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2870, 2888, 2941; Pub. L. 97–34, title II, § 202(d)(2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 221; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 474(r)(24), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 844; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11813(b)(20), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–555; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13431(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 567; Pub. L. 104–7, § 3(a)(1), (b)(1), Apr. 11, 1995, 109 Stat. 94, 95; Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §§ 1119(a), (b), 1610(a), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1765, 1844; Pub. L. 105–34, title III, § 312(d)(1), (7), title IX, § 913(b), title X, § 1087(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 839, 840, 878, 959; Pub. L. 108–311, title IV, § 408(a)(7)(C), Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1191;

[§ 1034. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–34, title III, § 312(b), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 839]

§ 1035. Certain exchanges of insurance policies

(a) General rules

No gain or loss shall be recognized on the exchange of—

(1) a contract of life insurance for another contract of life insurance or for an endowment or annuity contract or for a qualified long-term care insurance contract;

(2) a contract of endowment insurance (A) for another contract of endowment insurance which provides for regular payments beginning at a date not later than the date payments would have begun under the contract exchanged, or (B) for an annuity contract, or (C) for a qualified long-term care insurance contract;

(3) an annuity contract for an annuity contract or for a qualified long-term care insurance contract; or

(4) a qualified long-term care insurance contract for a qualified long-term care insurance contract.

(b) Definitions

For the purpose of this section—

(1) Endowment contract

(2) Annuity contract

(3) Life insurance contract

(d) Cross references

(1) For rules relating to recognition of gain or loss where an exchange is not solely in kind, see subsections (b) and (c) of section 1031.

(2) For rules relating to the basis of property acquired in an exchange described in subsection (a), see subsection (d) of section 1031.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 309; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title II, §§ 211(b)(15), 224(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 756, 776; Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1828, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2851; Pub. L. 105–34, title XI, § 1131(b)(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 979; Pub. L. 109–280, title VIII, § 844(b), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1010; Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(a)(168), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1192.)

§ 1036. Stock for stock of same corporation

(a) General rule

(b) Nonqualified preferred stock not treated as stock

(1) For rules relating to recognition of gain or loss where an exchange is not solely in kind, see subsections (b) and (c) of section 1031.

(2) For rules relating to the basis of property acquired in an exchange described in subsection (a), see subsection (d) of section 1031.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 309; Pub. L. 105–34, title X, § 1014(e)(3), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 921.)

§ 1037. Certain exchanges of United States obligations

(a) General rule

(b) Application of original issue discount rules

(1) Exchanges involving obligations issued at a discount

In any case in which gain has been realized but not recognized because of the provisions of subsection (a) (or so much of section 1031(b) as relates to subsection (a) of this section), to the extent such gain is later recognized by reason of a disposition or redemption of an obligation received in an exchange subject to such provisions, the first sentence of section 1271(c)(2) 1

1 See References in Text note below.

shall apply to such gain as though the obligation disposed of or redeemed were the obligation surrendered to the Government in the exchange rather than the obligation actually disposed of or redeemed. For purposes of this paragraph and subpart A of part V of subchapter P, if the obligation surrendered in the exchange is a nontransferable obligation described in subsection (a) or (c) of section 454—

(A) the aggregate amount considered, with respect to the obligation surrendered, as ordinary income shall not exceed the difference between the issue price and the stated redemption price which applies at the time of the exchange, and

(B) the issue price of the obligation received in the exchange shall be considered to be the stated redemption price of the obligation surrendered in the exchange, increased by the amount of other consideration (if any) paid to the United States as a part of the exchange.

(2) Exchanges of transferable obligations issued at not less than par

(1) For rules relating to the recognition of gain or loss in a case where subsection (a) would apply except for the fact that the exchange was not made solely for other obligations of the United States, see subsections (b) and (c) of section 1031.

(2) For rules relating to the basis of obligations of the United States acquired in an exchange for other obligations described in subsection (a), see subsection (d) of section 1031.

(Added Pub. L. 86–346, title II, § 201(a), Sept. 22, 1959, 73 Stat. 622; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(130), (b)(3)(I), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1786, 1793; Pub. L. 97–452, § 2(c)(3), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2478; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, § 42(a)(11), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 557.)

§ 1038. Certain reacquisitions of real property

(a) General rule

If—

(1) a sale of real property gives rise to indebtedness to the seller which is secured by the real property sold, and

(2) the seller of such property reacquires such property in partial or full satisfaction of such indebtedness,

then, except as provided in subsections (b) and (d), no gain or loss shall result to the seller from such reacquisition, and no debt shall become worthless or partially worthless as a result of such reacquisition.

(b) Amount of gain resulting

(1) In general

In the case of a reacquisition of real property to which subsection (a) applies, gain shall result from such reacquisition to the extent that—

(A) the amount of money and the fair market value of other property (other than obligations of the purchaser) received, prior to such reacquisition, with respect to the sale of such property, exceeds

(B) the amount of the gain on the sale of such property returned as income for periods prior to such reacquisition.

(2) Limitation

The amount of gain determined under paragraph (1) resulting from a reacquisition during any taxable year beginning after the date of the enactment of this section shall not exceed the amount by which the price at which the real property was sold exceeded its adjusted basis, reduced by the sum of—

(A) the amount of the gain on the sale of such property returned as income for periods prior to the reacquisition of such property, and

(B) the amount of money and the fair market value of other property (other than obligations of the purchaser received with respect to the sale of such property) paid or transferred by the seller in connection with the reacquisition of such property.

For purposes of this paragraph, the price at which real property is sold is the gross sales price reduced by the selling commissions, legal fees, and other expenses incident to the sale of such property which are properly taken into account in determining gain or loss on such sale.

(3) Gain recognized

If subsection (a) applies to the reacquisition of any real property, the basis of such property upon such reacquisition shall be the adjusted basis of the indebtedness to the seller secured by such property (determined as of the date of reacquisition), increased by the sum of—

(1) the amount of the gain determined under subsection (b) resulting from such reacquisition, and

(2) the amount described in subsection (b)(2)(B).

If any indebtedness to the seller secured by such property is not discharged upon the reacquisition of such property, the basis of such indebtedness shall be zero.

(d) Indebtedness treated as worthless prior to reacquisition

If, prior to a reacquisition of real property to which subsection (a) applies, the seller has treated indebtedness secured by such property as having become worthless or partially worthless—

(1) such seller shall be considered as receiving, upon the reacquisition of such property, an amount equal to the amount of such indebtedness treated by him as having become worthless, and

(2) the adjusted basis of such indebtedness shall be increased (as of the date of reacquisition) by an amount equal to the amount so considered as received by such seller.

(e) Principal residences

If—

(1) subsection (a) applies to a reacquisition of real property with respect to the sale of which gain was not recognized under section 121 (relating to gain on sale of principal residence); and

(2) within 1 year after the date of the reacquisition of such property by the seller, such property is resold by him,

then, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, subsections (b), (c), and (d) of this section shall not apply to the reacquisition of such property and, for purposes of applying section 121, the resale of such property shall be treated as a part of the transaction constituting the original sale of such property.

[(f) Repealed. Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1616(b)(12), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1857]

(g) Acquisition by estate, etc., of seller

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, if an installment obligation is indebtedness to the seller which is described in subsection (a), and if such obligation is, in the hands of the taxpayer, an obligation with respect to which section 691(a)(4)(B) applies, then—

(1) for purposes of subsection (a), acquisition of real property by the taxpayer shall be treated as reacquisition by the seller, and

(2) the basis of the real property acquired by the taxpayer shall be increased by an amount equal to the deduction under section 691(c) which would (but for this subsection) have been allowable to the taxpayer with respect to the gain on the exchange of the obligation for the real property.

(Added Pub. L. 88–570, § 2(a), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 854; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 95–600, title IV, §§ 404(c)(6), 405(c)(3), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2870, 2871; Pub. L. 96–471, § 4, Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2255; Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1616(b)(12), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1857; Pub. L. 105–34, title III, § 312(d)(8), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 840.)

[§ 1039. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11801(a)(33), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–521]

§ 1040. Transfer of certain farm, etc., real property

(a) General rule

(b) Similar rule for certain trusts

(Added Pub. L. 94–455, title XX, § 2005(b), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1877; amended Pub. L. 95–600, title VII, § 702(d)(3), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2929; Pub. L. 96–222, title I, § 105(a)(5)(A), Apr. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 219; Pub. L. 96–223, title IV, § 401(c)(2)(A), Apr. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 300; Pub. L. 97–34, title IV, § 421(j)(2)(B), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 312; Pub. L. 97–448, title I, § 104(b)(3)(A), (B), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2381; Pub. L. 107–16, title V, § 542(d)(1), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 84; Pub. L. 111–312, title III, § 301(a), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3300.)

§ 1041. Transfers of property between spouses or incident to divorce

(a) General rule

No gain or loss shall be recognized on a transfer of property from an individual to (or in trust for the benefit of)—

(1) a spouse, or

(2) a former spouse, but only if the transfer is incident to the divorce.

(b) Transfer treated as gift; transferee has transferor’s basis

In the case of any transfer of property described in subsection (a)—

(1) for purposes of this subtitle, the property shall be treated as acquired by the transferee by gift, and

(2) the basis of the transferee in the property shall be the adjusted basis of the transferor.

For purposes of subsection (a)(2), a transfer of property is incident to the divorce if such transfer—

(1) occurs within 1 year after the date on which the marriage ceases, or

(2) is related to the cessation of the marriage.

(d) Special rule where spouse is nonresident alien

(e) Transfers in trust where liability exceeds basis

Subsection (a) shall not apply to the transfer of property in trust to the extent that—

(1) the sum of the amount of the liabilities assumed, plus the amount of the liabilities to which the property is subject, exceeds

(2) the total of the adjusted basis of the property transferred.

Proper adjustment shall be made under subsection (b) in the basis of the transferee in such property to take into account gain recognized by reason of the preceding sentence.

(Added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 421(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 793; amended Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1842(b), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2853; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, § 1018(l)(3), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3584.)

§ 1042. Sales of stock to employee stock ownership plans or certain cooperatives

(a) Nonrecognition of gainIf—

(1) the taxpayer or executor elects in such form as the Secretary may prescribe the application of this section with respect to any sale of qualified securities,

(2) the taxpayer purchases qualified replacement property within the replacement period, and

(3) the requirements of subsection (b) are met with respect to such sale,

then the gain (if any) on such sale which would be recognized as long-term capital gain shall be recognized only to the extent that the amount realized on such sale exceeds the cost to the taxpayer of such qualified replacement property.

(b) Requirements to qualify for nonrecognitionA sale of qualified securities meets the requirements of this subsection if—

(1) Sale to employee organizationsThe qualified securities are sold to—

(A) an employee stock ownership plan (as defined in section 4975(e)(7)), or

(B) an eligible worker-owned cooperative.

(2) Plan must hold 30 percent of stock after saleThe plan or cooperative referred to in paragraph (1) owns (after application of section 318(a)(4)), immediately after the sale, at least 30 percent of—

(A) each class of outstanding stock of the corporation (other than stock described in section 1504(a)(4)) which issued the qualified securities, or

(B) the total value of all outstanding stock of the corporation (other than stock described in section 1504(a)(4)).

(3) Written statement required

(A) In general

(B) StatementA statement is described in this subparagraph if it is a verified written statement of—

(i) the employer whose employees are covered by the plan described in paragraph (1), or

(ii) any authorized officer of the cooperative described in paragraph (l),1

1 So in original. Probably should be “paragraph (1),”.

consenting to the application of sections 4978 and 4979A with respect to such employer or cooperative.

(4) 3-year holding period

(1) Qualified securitiesThe term “qualified securities” means employer securities (as defined in section 409(l)) which—

(A) are issued by a domestic C corporation that has no stock outstanding that is readily tradable on an established securities market, and

(B) were not received by the taxpayer in—

(i) a distribution from a plan described in section 401(a), or

(ii) a transfer pursuant to an option or other right to acquire stock to which section 83, 422, or 423 applied (or to which section 422 or 424 (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990) applied).

(2) Eligible worker-owned cooperativeThe term “eligible worker-owned cooperative” means any organization—

(A) to which part I of subchapter T applies,

(B) a majority of the membership of which is composed of employees of such organization,

(D) a majority of the board of directors of which is elected by the members on the basis of 1 person 1 vote, and

(E) a majority of the allocated earnings and losses of which are allocated to members on the basis of—

(i) patronage,

(ii) capital contributions, or

(iii) some combination of clauses (i) and (ii).

(3) Replacement period

(4) Qualified replacement property

(A) In generalThe term “qualified replacement property” means any security issued by a domestic operating corporation which—

(i) did not, for the taxable year preceding the taxable year in which such security was purchased, have passive investment income (as defined in section 1362(d)(3)(C)) in excess of 25 percent of the gross receipts of such corporation for such preceding taxable year, and

(ii) is not the corporation which issued the qualified securities which such security is replacing or a member of the same controlled group of corporations (within the meaning of section 1563(a)(1)) as such corporation.

For purposes of clause (i), income which is described in section 954(c)(3) (as in effect immediately before the Tax Reform Act of 1986) shall not be treated as passive investment income.

(B) Operating corporationFor purposes of this paragraph—

(i) In general

(ii) Financial institutions and insurance companiesThe term “operating corporation” shall include—(I) any financial institution described in section 581, and(II) an insurance company subject to tax under subchapter L.

(i) In generalFor purposes of applying this paragraph, if—(I) the corporation issuing the security owns stock representing control of 1 or more other corporations,(II) 1 or more other corporations own stock representing control of the corporation issuing the security, or(III) both,

then all such corporations shall be treated as 1 corporation.

(ii) Control

(D) Security defined

(5) Securities sold by underwriter

(6) Time for filing election

(7) Section not to apply to gain of C corporation

(d) Basis of qualified replacement propertyThe basis of the taxpayer in qualified replacement property purchased by the taxpayer during the replacement period shall be reduced by the amount of gain not recognized by reason of such purchase and the application of subsection (a). If more than one item of qualified replacement property is purchased, the basis of each of such items shall be reduced by an amount determined by multiplying the total gain not recognized by reason of such purchase and the application of subsection (a) by a fraction—

(1) the numerator of which is the cost of such item of property, and

(2) the denominator of which is the total cost of all such items of property.

Any reduction in basis under this subsection shall not be taken into account for purposes of section 1278(a)(2)(A)(ii) (relating to definition of market discount).

(e) Recapture of gain on disposition of qualified replacement property

(1) In general

(2) Special rule for corporations controlled by the taxpayerIf—

(A) a corporation issuing qualified replacement property disposes of a substantial portion of its assets other than in the ordinary course of its trade or business, and

(B) any taxpayer owning stock representing control (within the meaning of section 304(c)) of such corporation at the time of such disposition holds any qualified replacement property of such corporation at such time,

then the taxpayer shall be treated as having disposed of such qualified replacement property at such time.

(3) Recapture not to apply in certain casesParagraph (1) shall not apply to any transfer of qualified replacement property—

(A) in any reorganization (within the meaning of section 368) unless the person making the election under subsection (a)(1) owns stock representing control in the acquiring or acquired corporation and such property is substituted basis property in the hands of the transferee,

(B) by reason of the death of the person making such election,

(D) in any transaction to which section 1042(a) applies.

(f) Statute of limitationsIf any gain is realized by the taxpayer on the sale or exchange of any qualified securities and there is in effect an election under subsection (a) with respect to such gain, then—

(1) the statutory period for the assessment of any deficiency with respect to such gain shall not expire before the expiration of 3 years from the date the Secretary is notified by the taxpayer (in such manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe) of—

(A) the taxpayer’s cost of purchasing qualified replacement property which the taxpayer claims results in nonrecognition of any part of such gain,

(B) the taxpayer’s intention not to purchase qualified replacement property within the replacement period, or

(2) such deficiency may be assessed before the expiration of such 3-year period notwithstanding the provisions of any other law or rule of law which would otherwise prevent such assessment.

(g) Application of section to sales of stock in agricultural refiners and processors to eligible farm cooperatives

(1) In general

(2) Qualified refiner or processorFor purposes of this subsection, the term “qualified refiner or processor” means a domestic corporation—

(A) substantially all of the activities of which consist of the active conduct of the trade or business of refining or processing agricultural or horticultural products, and

(B) which, during the 1-year period ending on the date of the sale, purchases more than one-half of such products to be refined or processed from—

(i) farmers who make up the eligible farmers’ cooperative which is purchasing stock in the corporation in a transaction to which this subsection is to apply, or

(ii) such cooperative.

(3) Eligible farmers’ cooperative

(4) Special rulesIn applying this section to a sale to which paragraph (1) applies—

(A) the eligible farmers’ cooperative shall be treated in the same manner as a cooperative described in subsection (b)(1)(B),

(B) subsection (b)(2) shall be applied by substituting “100 percent” for “30 percent” each place it appears,

(C) the determination as to whether any stock in the domestic corporation is a qualified security shall be made without regard to whether the stock is an employer security or to subsection (c)(1)(A), and

(D) paragraphs (2)(D) and (7) of subsection (c) shall not apply.

(Added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title V, § 541(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 887; amended Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, §§ 1854(a)(1), (2)(A), (3)(B), (4), (5)(A), (6)(A), (7), (8)(A), (9)(B), (10), (11), (f)(3)(B), 1899A(26), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2872–2878, 2882, 2959; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, § 1018(t)(4)(D)–(F), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3588; Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, § 7303(a), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2352; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11801(c)(9)(H), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–526; Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §§ 1311(b)(3), 1316(d)(3), 1616(b)(13), 1704(t)(50), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1784, 1786, 1857, 1890; Pub. L. 105–34, title IX, § 968(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 895; Pub. L. 117–328, div. T, title I, § 114(a), (b), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5296.)

§ 1043. Sale of property to comply with conflict-of-interest requirements

(a) Nonrecognition of gain

(b) Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) Eligible person

The term “eligible person” means—

(A) an officer or employee of the executive branch, or a judicial officer, of the Federal Government, but does not mean a special Government employee as defined in section 202 of title 18, United States Code, and

(B) any spouse or minor or dependent child whose ownership of any property is attributable under any statute, regulation, rule, judicial canon, or executive order referred to in paragraph (2) to a person referred to in subparagraph (A).

(2) Certificate of divestiture

The term “certificate of divestiture” means any written determination—

(A) that states that divestiture of specific property is reasonably necessary to comply with any Federal conflict of interest statute, regulation, rule, judicial canon, or executive order (including section 208 of title 18, United States Code), or requested by a congressional committee as a condition of confirmation,

(B) that has been issued by the President or the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, in the case of executive branch officers or employees, or by the Judicial Conference of the United States (or its designee), in the case of judicial officers, and

(3) Permitted property

(4) Purchase

(5) Special rule for trusts

For purposes of this section, the trustee of a trust shall be treated as an eligible person with respect to property which is held in the trust if—

(A) any person referred to in paragraph (1)(A) has a beneficial interest in the principal or income of the trust, or

(B) any person referred to in paragraph (1)(B) has a beneficial interest in the principal or income of the trust and such interest is attributable under any statute, regulation, rule, judicial canon, or executive order referred to in paragraph (2) to a person referred to in paragraph (1)(A).

(6) Judicial officer

(Added Pub. L. 101–194, title V, § 502(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1754; amended Pub. L. 101–280, § 6(a)(1), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 160; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11703(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–516; Pub. L. 109–432, div. A, title IV, § 418(a), (b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2966.)

[§ 1044. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13313(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2133]

§ 1045. Rollover of gain from qualified small business stock to another qualified small business stock

(a) Nonrecognition of gain

In the case of any sale of qualified small business stock held by a taxpayer other than a corporation for more than 6 months and with respect to which such taxpayer elects the application of this section, gain from such sale shall be recognized only to the extent that the amount realized on such sale exceeds—

(1) the cost of any qualified small business stock purchased by the taxpayer during the 60-day period beginning on the date of such sale, reduced by

(2) any portion of such cost previously taken into account under this section.

This section shall not apply to any gain which is treated as ordinary income for purposes of this title.

(b) Definitions and special rules

For purposes of this section—

(1) Qualified small business stock

(2) Purchase

(3) Basis adjustments

(4) Holding period

For purposes of determining whether the nonrecognition of gain under subsection (a) applies to stock which is sold—

(A) the taxpayer’s holding period for such stock and the stock referred to in subsection (a)(1) shall be determined without regard to section 1223, and

(B) only the first 6 months of the taxpayer’s holding period for the stock referred to in subsection (a)(1) shall be taken into account for purposes of applying section 1202(c)(2).

(5) Certain rules to apply

(Added Pub. L. 105–34, title III, § 313(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 841; amended Pub. L. 105–206, title VI, § 6005(f), July 22, 1998