22 USC 4602 - Definitions

Collapse to view only § 4602. Definitions

§ 4601. Congressional declaration of findings and purposes
§ 4602. Definitions
§ 4603. United States Institute of Peace
§ 4604. Powers and duties
§ 4605. Board of Directors
§ 4606. Officers and employees
§ 4607. Procedures and records
§ 4608. Independence and limitations
§ 4609. Funding
§ 4610. Dissolution or liquidation
§ 4611. Biennial reports to President and Congress; comments, findings, and recommendations; Congressional Committee hearings

§ 4601. Congressional declaration of findings and purposes

(a) The Congress finds and declares that—

(1) a living institution embodying the heritage, ideals, and concerns of the American people for peace would be a significant response to the deep public need for the Nation to develop fully a range of effective options, in addition to armed capacity, that can leash international violence and manage international conflict;

(2) people throughout the world are fearful of nuclear war, are divided by war and threats of war, are experiencing social and cultural hostilities from rapid international change and real and perceived conflicts over interests, and are diverted from peace by the lack of problem-solving skills for dealing with such conflicts;

(3) many potentially destructive conflicts among nations and peoples have been resolved constructively and with cost efficiency at the international, national, and community levels through proper use of such techniques as negotiation, conciliation, mediation, and arbitration;

(4) there is a national need to examine the disciplines in the social, behavioral, and physical sciences and the arts and humanities with regard to the history, nature, elements, and future of peace processes, and to bring together and develop new and tested techniques to promote peaceful economic, political, social, and cultural relations in the world;

(5) existing institutions providing programs in international affairs, diplomacy, conflict resolution, and peace studies are essential to further development of techniques to promote peaceful resolution of international conflict, and the peacemaking activities of people in such institutions, government, private enterprise, and voluntary associations can be strengthened by a national institution devoted to international peace research, education and training, and information services;

(6) there is a need for Federal leadership to expand and support the existing international peace and conflict resolution efforts of the Nation and to develop new comprehensive peace education and training programs, basic and applied research projects, and programs providing peace information;

(7) the Commission on Proposals for the National Academy of Peace and Conflict Resolution, created by the Education Amendments of 1978, recommended establishing an academy as a highly desirable investment to further the Nation’s interest in promoting international peace;

(8) an institute strengthening and symbolizing the fruitful relation between the world of learning and the world of public affairs, would be the most efficient and immediate means for the Nation to enlarge its capacity to promote the peaceful resolution of international conflicts; and

(9) the establishment of such an institute is an appropriate investment by the people of this Nation to advance the history, science, art, and practice of international peace and the resolution of conflicts among nations without the use of violence.

(b) It is the purpose of this chapter to establish an independent, nonprofit, national institute to serve the people and the Government through the widest possible range of education and training, basic and applied research opportunities, and peace information services on the means to promote international peace and the resolution of conflicts among the nations and peoples of the world without recourse to violence.

(Pub. L. 98–525, title XVII, § 1702, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2649.)

§ 4602. Definitions

As used in this chapter, the term—

(1) “Institute” means the United States Institute of Peace established by this chapter; and

(2) “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Institute.

(Pub. L. 98–525, title XVII, § 1703, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2651.)

§ 4603. United States Institute of Peace

(a) Establishment

(b) Status; restrictions

(d) Liability for acts within scope of authority

(e) Trade name and trademark rights; vested rights protected; condition for use of Federal identity

(1) The Institute has the sole and exclusive right to use and to allow or refuse others the use of the terms “United States Institute of Peace”, “Jennings Randolph Program for International Peace”, “Spark M. Matsunaga Medal of Peace”, and “Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace” and the use of any official United States Institute of Peace emblem, badge, seal, and other mark of recognition or any colorable simulation thereof. No powers or privileges hereby granted shall interfere or conflict with established or vested rights secured as of September 1, 1981.

(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Institute may use “United States” or “U.S.” or any other reference to the United States Government or Nation in its title or in its corporate seal, emblem, badge, or other mark of recognition or colorable simulation thereof in any fiscal year only if there is an authorization of appropriations for the Institute for such fiscal year provided by law.

(Pub. L. 98–525, title XVII, § 1704, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2651; Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 101–520, title III, § 319(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2285.)

§ 4604. Powers and duties

(a) District of Columbia nonprofit-corporative powers

(b) Description of specific activitiesThe Institute, acting through the Board, may—

(1) establish a Jennings Randolph Program for International Peace and appoint, for periods up to two years, scholars and leaders in peace from the United States and abroad to pursue scholarly inquiry and other appropriate forms of communication on international peace and conflict resolution and, as appropriate, provide stipends, grants, fellowships, and other support to the leaders and scholars;

(2) enter into formal and informal relationships with other institutions, public and private, for purposes not inconsistent with this chapter;

(3) establish a Jeannette Rankin Research Program on Peace to conduct research and make studies, particularly of an interdisciplinary or of a multidisciplinary nature, into the causes of war and other international conflicts and the elements of peace among the nations and peoples of the world, including peace theories, methods, techniques, programs, and systems, and into the experiences of the United States and other nations in resolving conflicts with justice and dignity and without violence as they pertain to the advancement of international peace and conflict resolution, placing particular emphasis on realistic approaches to past successes and failures in the quest for peace and arms control and utilizing to the maximum extent possible United States Government documents and classified materials from the Department of State, the Department of Defense, and the intelligence community;

(4) develop programs to make international peace and conflict resolution research, education, and training more available and useful to persons in government, private enterprise, and voluntary associations, including the creation of handbooks and other practical materials;

(5) provide, promote, and support peace education and research programs at graduate and postgraduate levels;

(6) conduct training, symposia, and continuing education programs for practitioners, policymakers, policy implementers, and citizens and noncitizens directed to developing their skills in international peace and conflict resolution;

(7) develop, for publication or other public communication, and disseminate, the carefully selected products of the Institute;

(8) establish a clearinghouse and other means for disseminating information, including classified information that is properly safeguarded, from the field of peace learning to the public and to government personnel with appropriate security clearances;

(9) secure directly, upon request of the president of the Institute to the head of any Federal department or agency and in accordance with section 552 of title 5 (relating to freedom of information), information necessary to enable the Institute to carry out the purposes of this chapter if such release of the information would not unduly interfere with the proper functioning of a department or agency, including classified information if the Institute staff and members of the Board who have access to such classified information obtain appropriate security clearances from the Department of Defense and the Department of State; and

(10) establish the Spark M. Matsunaga Scholars Program, which shall include the provision of scholarships and educational programs in international peace and conflict management and related fields for outstanding secondary school students and the provision of scholarships to outstanding undergraduate students, with program participants and recipients of such scholarships to be known as “Spark M. Matsunaga Scholars”.

(1)

(A) The Institute, acting through the Board, may each year make an award to such person or persons who it determines to have contributed in extraordinary ways to peace among the nations and peoples of the world, giving special attention to contributions that advance society’s knowledge and skill in peacemaking and conflict management. The award shall include the public presentation to such person or persons of the Spark M. Matsunaga Medal of Peace and a cash award in an amount of not to exceed $25,000 for any recipient.

(B)

(i) The Secretary of the Treasury shall strike the Spark M. Matsunaga Medal of Peace with suitable emblems, devices, and inscriptions which capture the goals for which the Medal is presented. The design of the medals shall be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury in consultation with the Board and the Commission of Fine Arts.

(ii) The Spark M. Matsunaga Medal of Peace shall be struck in bronze and in the size determined by the Secretary of the Treasury in consultation with the Board.

(iii) The appropriate account of the Treasury of the United States shall be reimbursed for costs incurred in carrying out this subparagraph out of funds appropriated pursuant to section 4609(a)(1) of this title.

(2) The Board shall establish an advisory panel composed of persons eminent in peacemaking, diplomacy, public affairs, and scholarship, and such advisory panel shall advise the Board during its consideration of the selection of the recipient of the award.

(3) The Institute shall inform the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives about the selection procedures it intends to follow, together with any other matters relevant to making the award and emphasizing its prominence and significance.

(d) Description of extension and outreach activitiesThe Institute may undertake extension and outreach activities under this chapter by making grants and entering into contracts with institutions of postsecondary, community, secondary, and elementary education (including combinations of such institutions), with public and private educational, training, or research institutions (including the American Federation of Labor-the Congress of Industrial Organizations) and libraries, and with public departments and agencies (including State and territorial departments of education and of commerce). No grant may be made to an institution unless it is a nonprofit or official public institution, and at least one-fourth of the Institute’s annual appropriations shall be paid to such nonprofit and official public institutions. A grant or contract may be made to—

(1) initiate, strengthen, and support basic and applied research on international peace and conflict resolution;

(2) promote and advance the study of international peace and conflict resolution by educational, training, and research institutions, departments, and agencies;

(3) educate the Nation about and educate and train individuals in peace and conflict resolution theories, methods, techniques, programs, and systems;

(4) assist the Institute in its publication, clearinghouse, and other information services programs;

(5) assist the Institute in the study of conflict resolution between free trade unions and Communist-dominated organizations in the context of the global struggle for the protection of human rights; and

(6) promote the other purposes of this chapter.

(e) Services for Federal agencies

(f) Contracts for operation of Institute

(g) Personnel; administrative assistance

(h) Grants and contracts; gifts and contributions; domestic and foreign restrictions

(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), the Institute may obtain grants and contracts, including contracts for classified research for the Department of State, the Department of Defense, the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and the intelligence community, and receive gifts and contributions from government at all levels.

(2) The Institute and the legal entity described in section 4603(c) of this title may not accept any gift, contribution or grant from a foreign government, any agency or instrumentality of such government, any international organization, or any corporation or other legal entity in which natural persons who are nationals of a foreign country own, directly or indirectly, more than 50 percent of the outstanding capital stock or other beneficial interest in such legal entity.

(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Institute and the legal entity described in section 4603(c) of this title may not obtain any grant or contract or receive any gift or contribution from any private agency, organization, corporation or other legal entity, institution, or individual, except such Institute or legal entity may accept such a gift or contribution to—

(A) purchase, lease for purchase, or otherwise acquire, construct, improve, furnish, or maintain a suitable permanent headquarters, any related facility, or any site or sites for such facilities for the Institute and the legal entity described in section 4603(c) of this title; or

(B) provide program-related hospitality, including such hospitality connected with the presentation of the Spark M. Matsunaga Medal of Peace.

(i) Fees for periodicals and other materials

(j) Participation fees and costs

(k) Civil actions

(l) Corporate mark of recognition and colorable simulations

(m) General authority

(n) Legislative influencing-activity prohibition; communications or testimony of personnel

(o) Administrative services from General Services Administration

(Pub. L. 98–525, title XVII, § 1705, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2651; Pub. L. 100–50, § 25, June 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 363; Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, § 6272, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1523; Pub. L. 101–520, title III, § 319(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2284; Pub. L. 102–325, title XV, § 1554(b), (c), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 839; Pub. L. 105–244, title IX, § 931(1), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, § 921(a), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3456.)

§ 4605. Board of Directors

(a) Vested powers

(b) MembershipThe Board shall consist of fifteen voting members as follows:

(1) The Secretary of State (or if the Secretary so designates, another officer of the Department of State who was appointed with the advice and consent of the Senate).

(2) The Secretary of Defense (or if the Secretary so designates, another officer of the Department of Defense who was appointed with the advice and consent of the Senate).

(3) The president of the National Defense University (or if the president so designates, the vice president of the National Defense University).

(4) Twelve individuals appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(d) Qualifications

(1) Each individual appointed to the Board under subsection (b)(4) shall have appropriate practical or academic experience in peace and conflict resolution efforts of the United States.

(2) Officers and employees of the United States Government may not be appointed to the Board under subsection (b)(4).

(e) Term of office: commencement and termination, interim and remainder service, limitation

(1) Members of the Board appointed under subsection (b)(4) shall be appointed to four year terms, except that—

(A) the term of six of the members initially appointed shall be two years, as designated by the President at the time of their nomination;

(B) a member may continue to serve until his or her successor is appointed; and

(C) a member appointed to replace a member whose term has not expired shall be appointed to serve the remainder of that term.

(2) The terms of the members of the Board initially appointed under subsection (b)(4) shall begin on January 20, 1985, and subsequent terms shall begin upon the expiration of the preceding term, regardless of when a member is appointed to fill that term.

(3) The President may not nominate an individual for appointment to the Board under subsection (b)(4) prior to January 20, 1985, but shall submit the names of eleven nominees for initial Board membership under subsection (b)(4) not later than ninety days after that date. If the Senate rejects such a nomination or if such a nomination is withdrawn, the President shall submit the name of a new nominee within fifteen days.

(4) An individual appointed as a member of the Board under subsection (b)(4) may not be appointed to more than two terms on the Board.

(5) The term of a member of the Board shall not commence until the member is confirmed by the Senate and sworn in as a member of the Board.

(f) Removal from officeA member of the Board appointed under subsection (b)(4) may be removed by the President—

(1) in consultation with the Board, for conviction of a felony, malfeasance in office, persistent neglect of duties, or inability to discharge duties;

(2) upon the recommendation of eight voting members of the Board; or

(3) upon the recommendation of a majority of the members of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and a majority of the members of the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate.

A recommendation made in accordance with paragraph (2) may be made only pursuant to action taken at a meeting of the Board, which may be closed pursuant to the procedures of subsection (h)(3). Only members who are present may vote. A record of the vote shall be maintained. The President shall be informed immediately by the Board of the recommendation.

(g) Conflict of interests

(h) Meetings; Chairman; Vice Chairman; quorum; notice in Federal Register; closureMeetings of the Board shall be conducted as follows:

(1) The President shall stipulate by name the nominee who shall be the first Chairman of the Board. The first Chairman shall serve for a term of three years. Thereafter, the Board shall elect a Chairman every three years from among the directors appointed by the President under subsection (b)(4) and may elect a Vice Chairman if so provided by the Institute’s bylaws.

(2) The Board shall meet at least semiannually, at any time pursuant to the call of the Chairman or as requested in writing to the Chairman by at least five members of the Board. A majority of the members of the Board shall constitute a quorum for any Board meeting.

(3) All meetings of the Board shall be open to public observation and shall be preceded by reasonable public notice. Notice in the Federal Register shall be deemed to be reasonable public notice for purposes of the preceding sentence. In exceptional circumstances, the Board may close those portions of a meeting, upon a majority vote of its members present and with the vote taken in public session, which are likely to disclose information likely to affect adversely any ongoing peace proceeding or activity or to disclose information or matters exempted from public disclosure pursuant to subsection (c) of section 552b of title 5.

(i) Compensation

(j) Travel expenses

(Pub. L. 98–525, title XVII, § 1706, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2654; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, § 1225(c)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–773; Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, § 921(b)(1), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3456.)

§ 4606. Officers and employees

(a) Appointment, compensation and status of president of Institute and other officers

(b) Authorization of activities

(d) Assignment of Federal officers or employees to the Institute

(1) The president may request the assignment of any Federal officer or employee to the Institute by an appropriate department, agency, or congressional official or Member of Congress and may enter into an agreement for such assignment, if the affected officer or employee agrees to such assignment and such assignment causes no prejudice to the salary, benefits, status, or advancement within the department, agency, or congressional staff of such officer or employee.

(2) The Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, and the Director of Central Intelligence each may assign officers and employees of his respective department or agency, on a rotating basis to be determined by the Board, to the Institute if the affected officer or employee agrees to such assignment and such assignment causes no prejudice to the salary, benefits, status, or advancement within the respective department or agency of such officer or employee.

(e) Dual compensation restriction

(f) Federal employment status only for stated purposes

(1) Officers and employees of the Institute shall not be considered officers and employees of the Federal Government except for purposes of the provisions of title 28, which relate to Federal tort claims liability, and the provisions of title 5, which relate to compensation and benefits, including the following provisions: chapter 51 (relating to classification); subchapters I and III of chapter 53 (relating to pay rates); subchapter I of chapter 81 (relating to compensation for work injuries); chapter 83 (relating to civil service retirement); chapter 87 (relating to life insurance); and chapter 89 (relating to health insurance). The Institute shall make contributions at the same rates applicable to agencies of the Federal Government under the provisions of title 5 referred to in this section.

(2) The Institute shall not make long-term commitments to employees that are inconsistent with rules and regulations applicable to Federal employees.

(g) Distributions prohibited during life or upon dissolution or liquidation of Institute or legal entity; compensation for services or expenses

(h) Loans prohibition; joint and several liability

(Pub. L. 98–525, title XVII, § 1707, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2656; Pub. L. 100–569, title III, § 301(b), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2864; Pub. L. 101–520, title III, § 319(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2285; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, § 1225(c)(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–773.)

§ 4607. Procedures and records

(a) Monitoring and evaluation of programs

(b) Suspension procedures

(d) Accounts of receipts and disbursements; financial reports

(e) Minutes of proceedings

(f) Record and inspection of required items

(g) Audits

(h) Report of audit to Congress; copies for public

(i) Freedom of information provisions applicable

(Pub. L. 98–525, title XVII, § 1708, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2657; Pub. L. 108–7, div. G, title V, § 515, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 345.)

§ 4608. Independence and limitations

(a) Nothing in this chapter may be construed as limiting the authority of the Office of Management and Budget to review and submit comments on the Institute’s budget request at the time it is transmitted to the Congress.

(b) No political test or political qualification may be used in selecting, appointing, promoting, or taking any other personnel action with respect to any officer, employee, agent, or recipient of Institute funds or services or in selecting or monitoring any grantee, contractor, person, or entity receiving financial assistance under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 98–525, title XVII, § 1709, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2659.)

§ 4609. Funding

(a) Authorization of appropriations

(1) In general

(2) Availability

(b) Transfer of unobligated funds; reports of use of funds to Congress and President

(d) Extension

(Pub. L. 98–525, title XVII, § 1710, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2659; Pub. L. 99–498, title XVI, § 1601(a)(1), (b), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1612; Pub. L. 100–569, title III, § 301[(a)], Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2863; Pub. L. 102–325, title XV, § 1554(a), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 839; Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(k)(14), Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2486; Pub. L. 105–244, title IX, § 931(2), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, § 921(c), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3456.)

§ 4610. Dissolution or liquidation

Upon dissolution or final liquidation of the Institute or of any legal entity created pursuant to this chapter, all income and assets of the Institute or other legal entity shall revert to the United States Treasury.

(Pub. L. 98–525, title XVII, § 1711, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2659.)

§ 4611. Biennial reports to President and Congress; comments, findings, and recommendations; Congressional Committee hearings

Beginning two years after October 19, 1984, and at intervals of two years thereafter, the Chairman of the Board shall prepare and transmit to the Congress and the President a report detailing the progress the Institute has made in carrying out the purposes of this chapter during the preceding two-year period. The President may prepare and transmit to the Congress within a reasonable time after the receipt of such report the written comments and recommendations of the appropriate agencies of the United States with respect to the contents of such report and their recommendations with respect to any legislation which may be required concerning the Institute. After receipt of such report by the Congress, the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate may hold hearings to review the findings and recommendations of such report and the written comments received from the President.

(Pub. L. 98–525, title XVII, § 1712, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2659; Pub. L. 105–244, title IX, § 931(3), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1834.)