Collapse to view only § 2451. Congressional statement of purpose
- § 2451. Congressional statement of purpose
- § 2451a. Repealed.
- § 2452. Authorization of activities
- § 2452a. Exchange program with countries in transition from totalitarianism to democracy
- § 2452b. International expositions
- § 2452c. Program to provide grants to American-sponsored schools in predominantly Muslim countries to provide scholarships
- § 2453. Agreements with foreign governments and international organizations
- § 2454. Administration
- § 2455. Appropriations
- § 2456. J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board
- § 2457. Reports by Board
- § 2458. Authority of President
- § 2458a. Federal employee participation in cultural exchange programs
- § 2459. Immunity from seizure under judicial process of cultural objects imported for temporary exhibition or display
- § 2460. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs
- § 2461. Exchanges between United States and independent states of the former Soviet Union
- § 2462. Establishment of grant program for foreign study by American college students of limited financial means
- § 2463. Allocation of funds transferred to the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs
- § 2464. Ethical issues in international health research
- § 2465. John Lewis Civil Rights Fellowship Program
§ 2451. Congressional statement of purpose
The purpose of this chapter is to enable the Government of the United States to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries by means of educational and cultural exchange; to strengthen the ties which unite us with other nations by demonstrating the educational and cultural interests, developments, and achievements of the people of the United States and other nations, and the contributions being made toward a peaceful and more fruitful life for people throughout the world; to promote international cooperation for educational and cultural advancement; and thus to assist in the development of friendly, sympathetic, and peaceful relations between the United States and the other countries of the world.
(Pub. L. 87–256, § 101, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 527.)
§ 2451a. Repealed. Pub. L. 91–269, § 7, May 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 272
§ 2452. Authorization of activities
(a) Grants or contracts for educational or cultural exchanges; participation in international fairs and expositions abroadThe Director of the United States Information Agency is authorized, when he considers that it would strengthen international cooperative relations, to provide, by grant, contract, or otherwise, for—
(1) educational exchanges, (i) by financing studies, research, instruction, and other educational activities—
(A) of or for American citizens and nationals in foreign countries, and
(B) of or for citizens and nationals of foreign countries in American schools and institutions of learning located in or outside the United States;
and (ii) by financing visits and interchanges between the United States and other countries of students, trainees, teachers, instructors, and professors;
(2) cultural exchanges, by financing—
(i) visits and interchanges between the United States and other countries of leaders, experts in fields of specialized knowledge or skill, and other influential or distinguished persons;
(ii) tours in countries abroad by creative and performing artists and athletes from the United States, individually and in groups, representing any field of the arts, sports, or any other form of cultural attainment;
(iii) United States representation in international artistic, dramatic, musical, sports, and other cultural festivals, competitions, meetings, and like exhibitions and assemblies; and
(iv) participation by groups and individuals from other countries in nonprofit activities in the United States, including in coordination and consultation with the private sector, similar to those described in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph, when the Director of the United States Information Agency determines that such participation is in the national interest; and
(3) United States participation in international fairs and expositions abroad, including trade and industrial fairs and other public or private demonstrations of United States economic accomplishments and cultural attainments.
(b) Other exchangesIn furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, the President is further authorized to provide for—
(1) interchanges between the United States and other countries of handicrafts, scientific, technical, and scholarly books, books of literature, periodicals, and Government publications, and the reproduction and translation of such writings, and the preparation, distribution, and interchange of other educational and research materials, including laboratory and technical equipment for education and research;
(2) establishing and operating in the United States and abroad centers for cultural and technical interchanges to promote better relations and understanding between the United States and other nations through cooperative study, training, and research;
(3) assistance in the establishment, expansion, maintenance, and operation of schools and institutions of learning abroad, founded, operated, or sponsored by citizens or nonprofit institutions of the United States, including such schools and institutions serving as demonstration centers for methods and practices employed in the United States;
(4) fostering and supporting American studies in foreign countries through professorships, lectureships, institutes, seminars, and courses in such subjects as American history, government, economics, language and literature, and other subjects related to American civilization and culture, including financing the attendance at such studies by persons from other countries;
(5) promoting and supporting medical, scientific, cultural, and educational research and development;
(6) promoting modern foreign language training and area studies in United States schools, colleges, and universities by supporting visits and study in foreign countries by teachers and prospective teachers in such schools, colleges, and universities for the purpose of improving their skill in languages and their knowledge of the culture of the people of those countries, and by financing visits by teachers from those countries to the United States for the purpose of participating in foreign language training and area studies in United States schools, colleges, and universities;
(7) United States representation at international nongovernmental educational, scientific, and technical meetings;
(8) participation by groups and individuals from other countries in educational, scientific, and technical meetings held under American auspices in or outside the United States;
(9) encouraging independent research into the problems of educational and cultural exchange;
(10) promoting studies, research, instruction, and other educational activities of citizens and nationals of foreign countries in American schools, colleges, and universities located in the United States by making available to citizens and nationals of less developed friendly foreign countries for exchange for currencies of their respective countries (other than excess foreign currencies), at United States embassies, United States dollars in such amounts as may be necessary to enable such foreign citizens or nationals who are coming temporarily to the United States as students, trainees, teachers, instructors, or professors to meet expenses of the kind described in section 2454(e)(1) of this title;
(11) interchanges and visits between the United States and other countries of scientists, scholars, leaders, and other experts in the fields of environmental science and environmental management; and
(12) promoting respect for and guarantees of religious freedom abroad by interchanges and visits between the United States and other nations of religious leaders, scholars, and religious and legal experts in the field of religious freedom.
(Pub. L. 87–256, § 102, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 527; Pub. L. 87–565, pt. IV, § 403, Aug. 1, 1962, 76 Stat. 263; Pub. L. 89–698, title II, § 203(a), Oct. 29, 1966, 80 Stat. 1071; 1977 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 7(a)(2), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, § 303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291; Pub. L. 98–164, title VII, § 703(a), Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1045; Pub. L. 105–292, title V, § 503, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2811; Pub. L. 117–263, div. I, title XCVI, § 9604(b)(1), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3912.)
§ 2452a. Exchange program with countries in transition from totalitarianism to democracy
(a) Authorization of activities; grants or contracts for exchanges with foreign countriesPursuant to the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2451 et seq.] and using the authorities contained therein, the President is authorized, when the President considers that it would strengthen international cooperative relations, to provide, by grant, contract, or otherwise, for exchanges with countries that are in transition from totalitarianism to democracy, which include, but are not limited to Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania—
(1) by financing studies, research, instruction, and related activities—
(A) of or for American citizens and nationals in foreign countries; and
(B) of or for citizens and nationals of foreign countries in American private businesses, trade associations, unions, chambers of commerce, and local, State, and Federal Government agencies, located in or outside the United States; and
(2) by financing visits and interchanges between the United States and countries in transition from totalitarianism to democracy.
The program under this section shall be coordinated by the Department of State.
(b) Transfer of funds
(Pub. L. 101–610, title VI, § 602, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3186; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1335(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–787.)
§ 2452b. International expositions
(a) Limitation
(b) Exceptions
(1) In general
(A) Administrative services, including legal and other advice and contract administration, under section 2452(a)(3) of this title related to United States participation in international fairs and expositions abroad. Such administrative services may not include capital expenses, operating expenses, or travel or related expenses (other than such expenses as are associated with the provision of administrative services by employees of the Department of State).
(B) Activities under section 2455(f) of this title with respect to encouraging foreign governments, international organizations, and private individuals, firms, associations, agencies and other groups to participate in international fairs and expositions and to make contributions to be utilized for United States participation in international fairs and expositions.
(C) Encouraging private support of United States pavilions and exhibits at international fairs and expositions, except that no employees of the Department of State may, in their official capacity, solicit funds to pay expenses for a United States pavilion or other major exhibit at any international exposition or world’s fair registered by the Bureau of International Expositions.
(2) Statutory construction
Nothing in this subsection authorizes the use of funds appropriated to the Department of State to make payments for—
(A) contracts, grants, or other agreements with any other party to carry out the activities described in this subsection; or
(B) the satisfaction of any legal claim or judgment or the costs of litigation brought against the Department of State arising from activities described in this subsection.
(c) Notification
(d) Reports
(Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title II, § 204], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–420; Pub. L. 115–32, § 5(b), May 8, 2017, 131 Stat. 844.)
§ 2452c. Program to provide grants to American-sponsored schools in predominantly Muslim countries to provide scholarships
(a) Findings
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) During the 2003–2004 school year, the Office of Overseas Schools of the Department of State is financially assisting 189 elementary and secondary schools in foreign countries.
(2) United States-sponsored elementary and secondary schools are located in more than 20 countries with predominantly Muslim populations in the Near East, Africa, South Asia, Central Asia, and East Asia.
(3) United States-sponsored elementary and secondary schools provide an American-style education in English, with curricula that typically include an emphasis on the development of critical thinking and analytical skills.
(b) Statement of policy
The United States has an interest in increasing the level of financial support provided to United States-sponsored elementary and secondary schools in countries with predominantly Muslim populations in order to—
(1) increase the number of students in such countries who attend such schools;
(2) increase the number of young people who may thereby gain at any early age an appreciation for the culture, society, and history of the United States; and
(3) increase the number of young people who may thereby improve their proficiency in the English language.
(c) Program
(d) Determination of eligible students
(e) Restriction on use of funds
(f) Voluntary participation
(g) Report
(h) Funding
(Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, § 7113, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3797; Pub. L. 110–53, title XX, § 2014(b)(1), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 512.)
§ 2453. Agreements with foreign governments and international organizations
(a) Authorization
(b) Creation or continuation of binational or multinational educational and cultural foundations and commissions
(c) United States participation in programs
(Pub. L. 87–256, § 103, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 529; 1977 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 7(a)(2), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, § 303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291.)
§ 2454. Administration
(a) Delegation of powers; submission of proposal for delegation to Congress
(b) Employment of personnel
(c) Repealed. Pub. L. 96–465, title II, § 2205(7), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160
(d) Extension of benefits
(e) Grants; use of funds, counseling service; publicity and promotion abroad
(1) In providing for the activities and interchanges authorized by section 2452 of this title, grants may be made to or for individuals, either directly or through foundations or educational or other institutions, which foundations or institutions are public or private nonprofit, and may include funds for tuition and other necessary incidental expenses, for travel expenses from their places of residence and return for themselves, and, whenever it would further the purposes of this chapter, for the dependent members of their immediate families, for health and accident insurance premiums, emergency medical expenses, costs of preparing and transporting to their former homes the remains of any of such persons who may die while away from their homes as participants or dependents of participants in any program under this chapter, and for per diem in lieu of subsistence at rates prescribed by the Director of the United States Information Agency, for all such persons, and for such other expenses as are necessary for the successful accomplishment of the purposes of this chapter.
(2) Funds available for programs under this chapter may be used (i) to provide for orientation courses, language training, or other appropriate services and materials for persons traveling out of the countries of their residence for educational and cultural purposes which further the purposes of this chapter, whether or not they are receiving other financial support from the Government, and (ii) to provide or continue services to increase the effectiveness of such programs following the return of such persons to the countries of their residence.
(3) For the purpose of assisting foreign students in making the best use of their opportunities while attending colleges and universities in the United States, and assisting such students in directing their talents and initiative into channels which will make them more effective leaders upon return to their native lands, the Director of the United States Information Agency may make suitable arrangements, by contract or otherwise, for the establishment and maintenance at colleges and universities in the United States attended by foreign students of an adequate counseling service.
(4) The Director of the United States Information Agency is authorized to provide for publicity and promotion (including representation) abroad of activities of the type provided for in this chapter, and of similar services and opportunities for interchange not supported by the United States Government.
(f) Repealed. Pub. L. 96–60, title II, § 203(a)(1), Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 398
(g) Currency exchange for foreign students and teachers coming temporarily to the United States
(1) For the purpose of performing functions authorized by section 2452(b)(10) of this title, the President is authorized to establish the exchange rates at which all foreign currencies may be acquired through operations under such section, and shall issue regulations binding upon all embassies with respect to the exchange rates to be applicable in each of the respective countries where currency exchanges are authorized under such section.
(2) In performing the functions authorized under section 2452(b)(10) of this title, the President shall make suitable arrangements for protecting the interests of the United States Government in connection with the ownership, use, and disposition of all foreign currencies acquired pursuant to exchanges made under such section.
(3) The total amount of United States dollars acquired by any individual through currency exchanges under the authority of section 2452(b)(10) of this title shall in no event exceed $3,000 during any academic year.
(4) An individual shall be eligible to exchange foreign currency for United States dollars at United States embassies under section 2452(b)(10) of this title only if he gives satisfactory assurances that (A) he will devote essentially full time to his proposed educational activity in the United States and will maintain good standing in relation to such program; (B) he will return to the country of his citizenship or nationality prior to coming to the United States and will render such public service as is determined acceptable for a period of time determined reasonable and necessary by the government of such country; and (C) he will not apply for an immigrant visa or for permanent residence or for a nonimmigrant visa under the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.] after having received any benefits under such section for a period of time equal to the period of study, research, instruction, or other educational activity he performed pursuant to such section.
(5) As used in section 2452(b)(10) of this title, the term “excess foreign currencies” means foreign currencies, which if acquired by the United States (A) would be in excess of the normal requirements of departments, agencies, and embassies of the United States for such currencies, as determined by the President, and (B) would be available for the use of the United States Government under applicable agreements with the foreign country concerned.
(Pub. L. 87–256, § 104, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 529; Pub. L. 87–793, § 1001(j), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 865; Pub. L. 89–698, title II, § 203(b), Oct. 29, 1966, 80 Stat. 1071; 1977 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 7(a)(2), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637; Pub. L. 95–426, title II, § 204(a), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 973; Pub. L. 96–60, title II, § 203(a)(1), Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §§ 2205(7), 2206(a)(9), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160, 2162; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, § 303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291; Pub. L. 103–236, title II, § 231, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 424.)
§ 2455. Appropriations
(a) Availability
(b) Acquisition of foreign currencies
(c) Transfer of funds
(d) Reserve and use of certain funds
The President is authorized—
(1) to reserve in such amounts and for such periods as he shall determine to be necessary to provide for the programs authorized by subsections (a)(1), (2)(i) of section 2452 of this title, and
(2) notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, to use in such amounts as may from time to time be specified in appropriation Acts, to the extent that such use is not restricted by agreement with the foreign nations concerned, for any programs authorized by this chapter,
any currencies of foreign nations received or to be received by the United States or any agency thereof—
(i) under agreements disposing of surplus property or settling lend-lease and other war accounts concluded after World War II;
(ii) as the proceeds of sales or loan repayments, including interest, for transactions heretofore or hereafter effected under the Food for Peace Act, as amended [7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.];
(iii) in repayment of principal or interest on any other credit extended or loan heretofore or hereafter made by the United States or any agency thereof; or
(iv) as deposits to the account of the United States pursuant to section 1513(b)(6) 1 or section 1513(h) 1 of this title, or any similar provision of any other law.
(e) Reservation and use of sums due or paid by the Republic of Finland
(f) Contribution of funds, property, and services by foreign governments, international organizations, and private individuals, firms, associations, and agencies
(g) Currency exchanges
(Pub. L. 87–256, § 105, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 531; Pub. L. 89–698, title II, § 203(c), Oct. 29, 1966, 80 Stat. 1072; 1977 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 7(a)(2), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, § 303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291; Pub. L. 103–236, title II, § 227, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 423; Pub. L. 110–246, title III, § 3001(b)(1)(A), (2)(S), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1820, 1821.)
§ 2456. J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board
(a) Appointment; members; considerations for selection
(1) For the purpose of selecting students, scholars, teachers, trainees, and other persons to participate in the programs authorized under section 2452(a)(1) of this title, and of supervising such programs and the programs authorized under section 2452(b)(4) and (6) of this title, there is continued the authority of the President to appoint a board of foreign scholarships which shall be known as the “J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board” (hereinafter referred to as the “Board”) consisting of twelve members. In connection with appointments to such Board, due consideration shall be given to the selection of distinguished representatives of cultural, educational, student advisory, and war veterans groups, and representatives of the United States Department of Education, the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, public and private nonprofit educational institutions.
(2) In the selection of American citizens for participation in programs under this chapter, preference shall be given to those who have served in the Armed Forces of the United States, and due consideration shall be given to applicants from all geographical areas of the United States.
(b) Omitted
(c) Repealed. Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1336(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–790
(d) Creation of interagency and other advisory committees; conferences of persons
(e) Availability of appropriations for expenses; transportation expenses and per diem; compensation of members of Board and Committees
(f) Secretarial and staff assistance
(Pub. L. 87–256, § 106, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 532; 1977 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §§ 8(b), 9(a)(3), (6), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1638, 1639; Pub. L. 96–60, title II, § 205(a), Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(b)(2), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 678, 692; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, § 303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291; Pub. L. 101–246, title II, § 204(a)(1), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 49; Pub. L. 102–54, § 13(h)(1), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 275; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1336(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–790.)
§ 2457. Reports by Board
The Board shall submit annual reports to the Congress and such other reports to the Congress as it deems appropriate, and shall make reports to the public in the United States and abroad to develop a better understanding of and support for the programs authorized by this chapter.
(Pub. L. 87–256, § 107, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 534; 1977 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 9(a)(3), (6), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1639.)
§ 2458. Authority of President
(a) Performance of certain functions without regard to other laws; appropriation credits upon reimbursement for services in connection with exchange activities
(1) Whenever the President determines it to be in furtherance of this chapter, the functions authorized in section 2452(a)(2) and (3) of this title may be performed without regard to such provisions of law or limitations of authority regulating or relating to the making, performance, amendment, or modification of contracts, the acquisition and disposition of property, and the expenditure of Government funds, as he may specify.
(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Director of the United States Information Agency may provide, on a reimbursable basis, services within the United States in connection with exchange activities otherwise authorized by this chapter when such services are requested by a department or executive agency. Reimbursements under this paragraph shall be credited to the applicable appropriation of the Agency.
(b) Periodic reports of activities and expenditures
(c) Expenditures in selection, purchase, rental, construction, or other acquisition of exhibits and materials and equipment therefor
(d) Utilization of provisions of other laws
(Pub. L. 87–256, § 108, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 534; Pub. L. 96–60, title II, § 203(d), Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 399; Pub. L. 96–470, title II, § 212(a), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2246; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, § 303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291.)
§ 2458a. Federal employee participation in cultural exchange programs
(a) Grants and other foreign government assistance; family or household expense assistance prohibited; “Federal employee” defined
(1) Congress consents to the acceptance by a Federal employee of grants and other forms of assistance provided by a foreign government to facilitate the participation of such Federal employee in a cultural exchange—
(A) which is of the type described in section 2452(a)(2)(i) of this title,
(B) which is conducted for a purpose comparable to the purpose stated in section 2451 of this title, and
(C) which is specifically approved by the Secretary of State for purposes of this section;
but the Congress does not consent to the acceptance by any Federal employee of any portion of any such grant or other form of assistance which provides assistance with respect to any expenses incurred by or for any member of the family or household of such Federal employee.
(2) For purposes of this section, the term “Federal employee” means any employee as defined in subparagraphs (A) through (F) of section 7342(a)(1) of title 5, but does not include a person described in subparagraph (G) of such section.
(b) Foreign grants and other assistance not gifts for purposes of section 7342 of title 5
(c) Regulations
(Pub. L. 87–256, § 108A, as added Pub. L. 94–350, title I, § 111, July 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 825; amended Pub. L. 96–60, title II, § 204(d), Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 400.)
§ 2459. Immunity from seizure under judicial process of cultural objects imported for temporary exhibition or display
(a) Agreements; Presidential determination; publication in Federal Register
(b) Intervention of United States attorney in pending judicial proceedings
(c) Enforcement of agreements and obligations of carriers under transportation contracts
(d) Imported and importation defined
(Pub. L. 89–259, Oct. 19, 1965, 79 Stat. 985; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, § 1216(a) Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3922.)
§ 2460. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs
(a) Establishment; responsibilitiesIn order to carry out the purposes of this chapter, there is established in the United States Information Agency, or in such appropriate agency of the United States as the President shall determine, a Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Bureau”). The Bureau shall be responsible for managing, coordinating, and overseeing programs established pursuant to this chapter, including but not limited to—
(1) the J. William Fulbright Educational Exchange Program which, by promoting the exchange of scholars, researchers, students, trainees, teachers, instructors, and professors, between the United States and foreign countries, accomplishes the purposes of section 2452(a)(1) of this title;
(2) the Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program which finances (A) study at American universities and institutions of higher learning, including study in degree granting programs, and (B) participation in fellowships, internships, or other programs in American governmental and nongovernmental institutions for public managers and other individuals from developing countries;
(3) the International Visitors Program which provides grants for short-term visits to the United States for foreign nationals who are, or have the potential to be, leaders in their respective fields in their own countries;
(4) the American Cultural Centers and Libraries which make available at selected foreign locations, books, films, sound recordings, and other materials about the United States, its people and culture, and about other topics;
(5) the American Overseas Schools Program which provides financial assistance to the operations of American-sponsored schools overseas;
(6) the American Studies Program which fosters and supports the study of the United States, and its people and culture, in foreign countries;
(7) a program of working with private, not-for-profit groups through contracts, grants, or cooperative agreements, as authorized by section 2452 of this title, so as to provide financial assistance to nongovernmental organizations engaged in implementing and enhancing exchange-of-persons programs;
(8) the Samantha Smith Memorial Exchange Program which advances understanding between the United States and the independent states of the former Soviet Union and between the United States and Eastern European countries through the exchange of persons under the age of 21 years and of students at an institution of higher education (as defined in section 1001 of title 20) who have not received their initial baccalaureate degree or through other programs designed to promote contact between the young peoples of the United States, the independent states of the former Soviet Union, and Eastern European countries;
(9) the Arts America program which promotes a greater appreciation and understanding of American art abroad by supporting exhibitions and tours by American artists in other countries; and
(10)1
1 So in original. Two pars. (10) have been enacted.
exchange programs, including in coordination and consultation with the private sector, focused on music and the performing arts that provide opportunities for foreign nationals and Americans to build cross-cultural understanding and advance peace abroad.(10)1 the John Lewis Civil Rights Fellowship Program established under section 2465 of this title, which provides funding for international internships and research placements for early- to mid-career individuals from the United States to study nonviolent civil rights movements in self-arranged placements with universities or nongovernmental organizations in foreign countries.
(b) Revocation or diminution of grants
(1) All recipients of Fulbright Academic Exchange and Humphrey Fellowship awards shall have full academic and artistic freedom, including freedom to write, publish, and create. No award granted pursuant to this chapter may be revoked or diminished on account of the political views expressed by the recipient or on account of any scholarly or artistic activity that would be subject to the protections of academic and artistic freedom normally observed in universities in the United States. The Board shall ensure that the academic and artistic freedoms of all persons receiving grants are protected.
(2) The J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board shall formulate a policy on revocation of Fulbright grants which shall be made known to all grantees. Such policy shall fully protect the right to due process as well as the academic and artistic freedom of all grantees.
(c) Program requirements
(d) Administration of programs
(1) The Bureau shall administer no programs except those operating under the authority of this chapter and consistent with its purposes.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Bureau may also exercise the authorities of this chapter to administer programs authorized by, or funded pursuant to, the FREEDOM Support Act, the Support for East European Democracy Act [22 U.S.C. 5401 et seq.], the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.], or any other Act authorizing educational or cultural exchanges or activities, to the extent that such programs are consistent with the purposes of this chapter.
(e) Office of Citizen Exchanges
(f) Coordination of exchange programs; reports
(1) The President shall ensure that all exchange programs conducted by the United States Government, its departments and agencies, directly or through agreements with other parties, are reported at a time and in a format prescribed by the Director. The President shall ensure that such exchanges are consistent with United States foreign policy and avoid duplication of effort.
(2) Not later than 90 days after April 30, 1994, and annually thereafter, the President shall submit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a report pursuant to paragraph (1). Such report shall include information for each exchange program supported by the United States on the objectives of such exchange, the number of exchange participants supported, the types of exchange activities conducted, the total amount of Federal expenditures for such exchanges, and the extent to which such exchanges are duplicative.
(g) Working Group on United States Government-Sponsored International Exchanges and Training
(1) In order to carry out the purposes of subsection (f) and to improve the coordination, efficiency, and effectiveness of United States Government-sponsored international exchanges and training, there is established within the Department of State a senior-level interagency working group to be known as the Working Group on United States Government-Sponsored International Exchanges and Training (in this section referred to as the “Working Group”).
(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term “Government-sponsored international exchanges and training” means the movement of people between countries to promote the sharing of ideas, to develop skills, and to foster mutual understanding and cooperation, financed wholly or in part, directly or indirectly, with United States Government funds.
(3) The Working Group shall be composed as follows:
(A) The Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs, who shall act as Chair.
(B) A senior representative of the Department of Defense, who shall be designated by the Secretary of Defense.
(C) A senior representative of the Department of Education, who shall be designated by the Secretary of Education.
(D) A senior representative of the Department of Justice, who shall be designated by the Attorney General.
(E) A senior representative of the Agency for International Development, who shall be designated by the Administrator of the Agency.
(F) Senior representatives of such other departments and agencies as the Chair determines to be appropriate.
(4) Representatives of the National Security Adviser and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget may participate in the Working Group at the discretion of the Adviser and the Director, respectively.
(5) The Working Group shall be supported by an interagency staff office established in the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the Department of State.
(6) The Working Group shall have the following purposes and responsibilities:
(A) To collect, analyze, and report data provided by all United States Government departments and agencies conducting international exchanges and training programs.
(B) To promote greater understanding and cooperation among concerned United States Government departments and agencies of common issues and challenges in conducting international exchanges and training programs, including through the establishment of a clearinghouse for information on international exchange and training activities in the governmental and nongovernmental sectors.
(C) In order to achieve the most efficient and cost-effective use of Federal resources, to identify administrative and programmatic duplication and overlap of activities by the various United States Government departments and agencies involved in Government-sponsored international exchange and training programs, to identify how each Government-sponsored international exchange and training program promotes United States foreign policy, and to report thereon.
(D)
(i) Not later than 1 year after October 21, 1998, the Working Group shall develop a coordinated and cost-effective strategy for all United States Government-sponsored international exchange and training programs, including an action plan with the objective of achieving a minimum of 10 percent cost savings through greater efficiency, the consolidation of programs, or the elimination of duplication, or any combination thereof.
(ii) Not later than 1 year after October 21, 1998, the Working Group shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees setting forth the strategy and action plan required by clause (i).
(iii) Each year thereafter the Working Group shall assess the strategy and plan required by clause (i).
(E) Not later than 2 years after October 21, 1998, to develop recommendations on common performance measures for all United States Government-sponsored international exchange and training programs, and to issue a report.
(F) To conduct a survey of private sector international exchange activities and develop strategies for expanding public and private partnerships in, and leveraging private sector support for, United States Government-sponsored international exchange and training activities.
(G) Not later than 6 months after October 21, 1998, to report on the feasibility and advisability of transferring funds and program management for the ATLAS or the Mandela Fellows programs, or both, in South Africa from the Agency for International Development to the Department of State. The report shall include an assessment of the capabilities of the South African Fulbright Commission to manage such programs and the cost effects of consolidating such programs under one entity.
(7) All reports prepared by the Working Group shall be submitted to the President, through the Secretary of State, acting through the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy.
(8) The Working Group shall meet at least on a quarterly basis.
(9) All decisions of the Working Group shall be by majority vote of the members present and voting.
(10) The members of the Working Group shall serve without additional compensation for their service on the Working Group. Any expenses incurred by a member of the Working Group in connection with service on the Working Group shall be compensated by that member’s department or agency.
(11) With respect to any report issued under paragraph (6), a member may submit dissenting views to be submitted as part of the report of the Working Group.
(Pub. L. 87–256, § 112, as added Pub. L. 98–164, title II, § 213, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1034; amended Pub. L. 100–204, title III, §§ 302(a), 303, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1378, 1379; Pub. L. 101–246, title II, §§ 204(a)(2), 222(a), 223, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 50, 55, 56; Pub. L. 103–199, title III, § 301(1), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2322; Pub. L. 103–236, title II, § 229(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 423; Pub. L. 105–244, title I, § 102(a)(7)(B), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1619; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXIV, § 2414, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–832; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title II, §§ 221, 229, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1367, 1371; Pub. L. 117–263, div. I, title XCVI, § 9604(b)(2), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3912; Pub. L. 118–31, div. F, title LXVI, § 6604(b), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1013.)
§ 2461. Exchanges between United States and independent states of the former Soviet Union
(a) Financing of exchanges with repayments on Lend-Lease debts
(b) Limitation on availability of funds
(Pub. L. 87–256, § 113, as added Pub. L. 101–246, title II, § 224, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 56; amended Pub. L. 103–199, title III, § 301(2), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2322.)
§ 2462. Establishment of grant program for foreign study by American college students of limited financial means
(a) Establishment
(b) EligibilityAn individual referred to in subsection (a) is an individual who—
(1) is a student in good standing at an institution of higher education in the United States (as defined in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001(a)]);
(2) has been accepted for up to one academic year of study on a program of study abroad approved for credit by the student’s home institution;
(3) is receiving any need-based student assistance under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1070 et seq.]; and
(4) is a citizen or national of the United States.
(c) Application and selection
(1) Grant application and selection shall be carried out through accredited institutions of higher education in the United States or a combination of such institutions under such procedures as are established by the Secretary of State.
(2) In considering applications for grants under this section—
(A) consideration of financial need shall include the increased costs of study abroad; and
(B) priority consideration shall be given to applicants who are receiving Federal Pell Grants under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1070 et seq.].
(Pub. L. 106–309, title III, § 303, Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1095.)
§ 2463. Allocation of funds transferred to the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs
Of each amount transferred to the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs out of appropriations other than appropriations under the span “Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs” for support of an educational or cultural exchange program, notwithstanding any other provision of law, not more than 7.5 percent shall be made available to cover administrative expenses incurred in connection with support of the program. Amounts made available to cover administrative expenses shall be credited to the appropriations under the span “Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs” and shall remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 87–256, § 114, as added Pub. L. 107–77, title IV, § 406, Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 790.)
§ 2464. Ethical issues in international health research
(a) In general
(b) Coordination with other programs
(c) Ethical issues in human subject research
(Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title II, § 228, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1371.)
§ 2465. John Lewis Civil Rights Fellowship Program
(a) Establishment
(b) PurposesThe purposes of the Fellowship Program are—
(1) to honor the legacy of Representative John Lewis by promoting a greater understanding of the history and tenets of nonviolent civil rights movements; and
(2) to advance foreign policy priorities of the United States by promoting studies, research, and international exchange in the subject of nonviolent movements that established and protected civil rights around the world.
(c) Administration
(d) Selection of fellows
(1) In general
(2) Outreach
(A) In generalTo the extent practicable, the Bureau shall conduct outreach at institutions, including—
(i) minority serving institutions, including historically Black colleges and universities; and
(ii) other appropriate institutions that are likely to produce a range of qualified applicants, as determined by the Bureau.
(B) DefinitionsIn this paragraph:
(i) Historically Black college and university
(ii) Minority serving institution
(e) Fellowship orientationAnnually, the Bureau shall organize and administer a fellowship orientation, which shall—
(1) be held in Washington, D.C., or at another location selected by the Bureau; and
(2) include programming to honor the legacy of Representative John Lewis.
(f) Structure
(1) Work planTo carry out the purposes described in subsection (b)—
(A) each fellow selected pursuant to subsection (d) shall arrange an internship or research placement—
(i) with a nongovernmental organization, academic institution, or other organization approved by the Bureau; and
(ii) in a country with an operational Fulbright U.S. Student Program; and
(B) the Bureau shall, for each fellow, approve a work plan that identifies the target objectives for the fellow, including specific duties and responsibilities relating to those objectives.
(2) Conferences; presentationsEach fellow shall—
(A) attend a fellowship orientation organized and administered by the Bureau under subsection (e);
(B) not later than the date that is 1 year after the end of the fellowship period, attend a fellowship summit organized and administered by the Bureau, which—
(i) whenever feasible, shall be held in a location of importance to the civil rights movement in the United States; and
(ii) may coincide with other events facilitated by the Bureau; and
(C) at such summit, give a presentation on lessons learned during the period of the fellowship.
(3) Fellowship period
(g) Fellowship awardThe Bureau shall provide each fellow under this section with an allowance that is equal to the amount needed for—
(1) the reasonable costs of the fellow during the fellowship period; and
(2) travel and lodging expenses related to attending the orientation and summit required under subsection (e)(2).
(h) Annual reportNot later than 1 year after the date of the completion of the Fellowship Program by the initial cohort of fellows selected under subsection (d), and annually thereafter, the Secretary of State shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report on the implementation of the Fellowship Program, including—
(1) a description of the demographics of the cohort of fellows who completed a fellowship during the preceding 1-year period;
(2) a description of internship and research placements, and research projects selected by such cohort, under the Fellowship Program, including feedback from—
(A) such cohort on implementation of the Fellowship Program; and
(B) the Secretary on lessons learned;
(3) a plan for factoring such lessons learned into future programming, and
(4) an analysis of trends relating to the diversity of each cohort of fellows and the topics of projects completed since the establishment of the Fellowship Program.
(Pub. L. 87–256, § 115, as added Pub. L. 118–31, div. F, title LXVI, § 6604(a), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1011.)