1. U.S. Code
  2. title 16
  3. chapter 51
  4. subchapter III
  5. § 3141

Collapse to view only § 3141. Overall study program

§ 3141. Overall study program
(a) Area designated
(b) Purposes
The study shall utilize a systematic interdisciplinary approach to—
(1) assess the potential oil and gas resources of these lands and make recommendations concerning future use and management of those resources including an evaluation of alternative transportation routes needed for oil and gas development;
(2) review the wilderness characteristics, and make recommendations for wilderness designation, of these lands; and
(3) study, and make recommendations for protection of, the wildlife resources of these lands.
(c) Findings
After completion of the study, the Secretary shall make findings on—
(1) the potential oil and gas resources of these lands;
(2) the impact of oil and gas development on the wildlife resources on these lands, particularly the Arctic and Porcupine caribou herds and the polar bear;
(3) the national need for development of the oil and gas resources of all or any portion of these lands;
(4) the national interest in preservation of the wilderness characteristics of these lands; and
(5) the national interest in protection of the wildlife resources of these lands.
(d) Consultations; opportunity for public review and comment
(e) Report to President and Congress; annual report to Congress
(f) Selection and conveyance of land by State and Natives unaffected
(Pub. L. 96–487, title X, § 1001, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2448.)

CITE AS: 16 USC 3141

§ 3142. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge coastal plain resource assessment
(a) Purpose
(b) DefinitionsAs used in this section—
(1) The term “coastal plain” means that area identified as such in the map entitled “Arctic National Wildlife Refuge”, dated August 1980.
(2) The term “exploratory activity” means surface geological exploration or seismic exploration, or both, for oil and gas within the coastal plain.
(c) Baseline studyThe Secretary, in consultation with the Governor of the State, Native Village and Regional Corporations, and the North Slope Borough within the study area and interested persons, shall conduct a continuing study of the fish and wildlife (with special emphasis on caribou, wolves, wolverines, grizzly bears, migratory waterfowl, musk oxen, and polar bears) of the coastal plain and their habitat. In conducting the study, the Secretary shall—
(A) assess the size, range, and distribution of the populations of the fish and wildlife;
(B) determine the extent, location and carrying capacity of the habitats of the fish and wildlife;
(C) assess the impacts of human activities and natural processes on the fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(D) analyze the potential impacts of oil and gas exploration, development, and production on such wildlife and habitats; and
(E) analyze the potential effects of such activities on the culture and lifestyle (including subsistence) of affected Native and other people.
Within eighteen months after December 2, 1980, the Secretary shall publish the results of the study as of that date and shall thereafter publish such revisions thereto as are appropriate as new information is obtained.
(d) Guidelines
(1) Within two years after December 2, 1980, the Secretary shall by regulation establish initial guidelines governing the carrying out of exploratory activities. The guidelines shall be based upon the results of the study required under subsection (c) and such other information as may be available to the Secretary. The guidelines shall include such prohibitions, restrictions, and conditions on the carrying out of exploratory activities as the Secretary deems necessary or appropriate to ensure that exploratory activities do not significantly adversely affect the fish and wildlife, their habitats, or the environment, including, but not limited to—
(A) a prohibition on the carrying out of exploratory activity during caribou calving and immediate post-calving seasons or during any other period in which human activity may have adverse effects;
(B) temporary or permanent closing of appropriate areas to such activity;
(C) specification of the support facilities, equipment and related manpower that is appropriate in connection with exploratory activity; and
(D) requirements that exploratory activities be coordinated in such a manner as to avoid unnecessary duplication.
(2) The initial guidelines prescribed by the Secretary to implement this subsection shall be accompanied by an environmental impact statement on exploratory activities. The initial guidelines shall thereafter be revised to reflect changes made in the baseline study and other appropriate information made available to the Secretary.
(e) Exploration plans
(1) After the initial guidelines are prescribed under subsection (d), any person including the United States Geological Survey may submit one or more plans for exploratory activity (hereinafter in this section referred to as “exploration plans”) to the Secretary for approval. An exploration plan must set forth such information as the Secretary may require in order to determine whether the plan is consistent with the guidelines, including, but not limited to—
(A) a description and schedule of the exploratory activity proposed to be undertaken;
(B) a description of the equipment, facilities, and related manpower that would be used in carrying out the activity;
(C) the area in which the activity would be undertaken; and
(D) a statement of the anticipated effects that the activity may have on fish and wildlife, their habitats and the environment.
(2) Upon receiving any exploration plan for approval, the Secretary shall promptly publish notice of the application and the text of the plan in the Federal Register and newspapers of general circulation in the State. The Secretary shall determine, within one hundred and twenty days after any plan is submitted for approval, if the plan is consistent with the guidelines established under subsection (d). If the Secretary determines that the plan is so consistent, he shall approve the plan: except that no plan shall be approved during the two-year period following December 2, 1980. Before making the determination, the Secretary shall hold at least one public hearing in the State for purposes of receiving the comments and views of the public on the plan. The Secretary shall not approve of any plan submitted by the United States Geological Survey unless he determines that (1) no other person has submitted a plan for the area involved which meets established guidelines and (2) the information which would be obtained is needed to make an adequate report under subsection (h). The Secretary, as a condition of approval of any plan under this section—
(A) may require that such modifications be made to the plan as he considers necessary and appropriate to make it consistent with the guidelines;
(B) shall require that all data and information (including processed, analyzed and interpreted information) obtained as a result of carrying out the plan shall be submitted to the Secretary; and
(C) shall make such data and information available to the public except that any processed, analyzed and interpreted data or information shall be held confidential by the Secretary for a period of not less than two years following any lease sale including the area from which the information was obtained and: Provided, That the Secretary shall prohibit by regulation any person who obtains access to such data and information from the Secretary or from any person other than a permittee from participation in any lease sale which includes the areas from which the information was obtained and from any commercial use of the information. The Secretary shall require that any permittee shall make available such data to any person at fair cost.
(f) Modification to exploration plans
(g) Civil penalties
(1) Any person who is found by the Secretary, after notice and an opportunity for a hearing in accordance with section 554 of title 5, to have violated any provision of a plan approved under subsection (e) or any term or condition of a permit issued under subsection (f), or to have committed any act prohibited under subsection (d) shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty. The amount of the civil penalty shall not exceed $10,000 for each violation. Each day of a continuing violation shall constitute a separate offense. The amount of such civil penalty shall be assessed by the Secretary by written notice. In determining the amount of such penalty, the Secretary shall take into account the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the prohibited act committed, and, with respect to the violator, the history of any prior offenses, his demonstrated good faith in attempting to achieve timely compliance after being cited for the violation, and such other matters as justice may require.
(2) Any person against whom a civil penalty is assessed under paragraph (1) may obtain review thereof in the appropriate district court of the United States by filing a notice of appeal in such court within thirty days from the date of such order and by simultaneously sending a copy of such notice by certified mail to the Secretary. The Secretary shall promptly file in such court a certified copy of the record upon which such violation was found or such penalty imposed, as provided in section 2112 of title 28. The findings and order of the Secretary shall be set aside by such court if they are not found to be supported by substantial evidence, as provided in section 706(2)(E) of title 5.
(3) If any person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty against him under paragraph (1) after it has become final, or after the appropriate court has entered final judgment in favor of the Secretary, the Secretary shall refer the matter to the Attorney General of the United States, who shall recover the amount assessed in any appropriate district court of the United States. In such action, the validity and appropriateness of the final order imposing the civil penalty shall not be subject to review.
(4) The Secretary may compromise, modify, or remit, with or without conditions, any civil penalty which is subject to imposition or which has been imposed under this subsection unless the matter is pending in court for judicial review or recovery of assessment.
(h) Report to CongressNot earlier than five years after December 2, 1980, and not later than five years and nine months after such date, the Secretary shall prepare and submit to Congress a report containing—
(1) the identification by means other than drilling of exploratory wells of those areas within the coastal plain that have oil and gas production potential and estimate of the volume of the oil and gas concerned;
(2) the description of the fish and wildlife, their habitats, and other resources that are within the areas identified under paragraph (1);
(3) an evaluation of the adverse effects that the carrying out of further exploration for, and the development and production of, oil and gas within such areas will have on the resources referred to in paragraph (2);
(4) a description of how such oil and gas, if produced within such area, may be transported to processing facilities;
(5) an evaluation of how such oil and gas relates to the national need for additional domestic sources of oil and gas; and
(6) the recommendations of the Secretary with respect to whether further exploration for, and the development and production of, oil and gas within the coastal plain should be permitted and, if so, what additional legal authority is necessary to ensure that the adverse effects of such activities on fish and wildlife, their habitats, and other resources are avoided or minimized.
(i) Effect of other laws
(Pub. L. 96–487, title X § 1002, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2449; Pub. L. 97–394, title I, § 110, Dec. 30, 1982, 96 Stat. 1982.)

CITE AS: 16 USC 3142

§ 3143. Production of oil and gas from Arctic National Wildlife Refuge prohibited

Production of oil and gas from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is prohibited and no leasing or other development leading to production of oil and gas from the range shall be undertaken until authorized by an Act of Congress.

(Pub. L. 96–487, title X, § 1003, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2452.)

CITE AS: 16 USC 3143

§ 3144. Wilderness portion of study
(a) Suitability of lands for preservation as wilderness; report to President
(b) Presidential recommendations to Congress
(c) Preservation of wilderness character and potential
(Pub. L. 96–487, title X, § 1004, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2452.)

CITE AS: 16 USC 3144

§ 3145. Wildlife resources portion of study and impact of potential oil spills in Arctic Ocean
(a) Wildlife resources
(b) Oil spills
(1) The Congress finds that—
(A) Canada has discovered commercial quantities of oil and gas in the Amalagak region of the Northwest Territory;
(B) Canada is exploring alternatives for transporting the oil from the Amalagak field to markets in Asia and the Far East;
(C) one of the options the Canadian Government is exploring involves transshipment of oil from the Amalagak field across the Beaufort Sea to tankers which would transport the oil overseas;
(D) the tankers would traverse the American Exclusive Economic Zone through the Beaufort Sea into the Chuckchi Sea and then through the Bering Straits;
(E) the Beaufort and Chuckchi Seas are vital to Alaska’s Native people, providing them with subsistence in the form of walrus, seals, fish, and whales;
(F) the Secretary of the Interior has conducted Outer Continental Shelf lease sales in the Beaufort and Chuckchi Seas and oil and gas exploration is ongoing;
(G) an oil spill in the Arctic Ocean, if not properly contained and cleaned up, could have significant impacts on the indigenous people of Alaska’s North Slope and on the Arctic environment; and
(H) there are no international contingency plans involving our two governments concerning containment and cleanup of an oil spill in the Arctic Ocean.
(2)
(A) The Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Governor of Alaska, shall conduct a study of the issues of recovery of damages, contingency plans, and coordinated actions in the event of an oil spill in the Arctic Ocean.
(B) The Secretary shall, no later than January 31, 1991, transmit a report to the Congress on the findings and conclusions reached as the result of the study carried out under this subsection.
(c) Treaty negotiations
(d) Report to Congress
(Pub. L. 96–487, title X, § 1005, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2453; Pub. L. 101–380, title VIII, § 8302, Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 572.)

CITE AS: 16 USC 3145

§ 3146. Transportation alternatives portion of study
In studying oil and gas alternative transportation systems, the Secretary shall consult with the Secretary of Transportation and shall consider—
(1) the extent to which environmentally and economically feasible alternative routes could be established;
(2) the prospective oil and gas production potential of this area of Alaska for each alternative transportation route; and
(3) the environmental and economic costs and other values associated with such alternative routes.
(Pub. L. 96–487, title X, § 1006, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2453.)

CITE AS: 16 USC 3146

§ 3147. Arctic research study
(a) Mission, facilities, and administration of Naval Arctic Research Laboratory
(b) Assessment of future uses of NARL
The Secretaries shall assess the future use of NARL in—
(1) developing relevant scientific information on the Arctic environment and utilizing applied research to (A) deal with the unique problems the Arctic presents in providing public services; (B) minimize the impact of resource development on the environment and the culture of the Native people; and (C) promote international cooperation among the Nations which share responsibility for the Arctic environment;
(2) assessing the impact of oil and gas exploration, development, and transportation on the Arctic environment, including impact on fish, marine and land mammals, and migratory waterfowl;
(3) developing advanced design technologies, operational practices, and transportation systems to improve the environmental safety and efficiency of oil and gas exploration and production in the Arctic, including offshore activities;
(4) enlarging the body of knowledge on Arctic ice conditions and developing practical and efficient means of dealing with potential oil spills and other hazards associated with resource development in Alaska’s Arctic; and
(5) developing a comprehensive Arctic policy for the Federal Government that will accommodate the need for development and use of Arctic resources with appropriate recognition and consideration given to the unique nature of the Arctic environment and the needs of its Native residents.
(c) Recommendations
After completion of the study, the Secretaries shall make recommendations on—
(1) changes in the mission and management of NARL necessary to accomplish the research and policy goals addressed in the study;
(2) the appropriate Federal agency or agencies that should have primary responsibility for management of NARL;
(3) changes in the organizational structure of NARL that would allow greater involvement by State and private organizations in the use, management and/or funding of NARL; and
(4) the appropriate level of Federal funding for scientific and technological research on the Arctic environment and its uses.
(d) Consultations; opportunity for public review and comment
(e) Submission of study to Congress
(f) Continuation of level of funding for NARL
(Pub. L. 96–487, title X, § 1007, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2453.)

CITE AS: 16 USC 3147

§ 3148. Oil and gas leasing program for non-North Slope Federal lands
(a) Establishment; restrictions
(b) Study of oil and gas potential and impact of development and production; permits; consultations; State studies
(1)
(A) In such areas as the Secretary deems favorable for the discovery of oil or gas, he shall conduct a study, or studies, or collect and analyze information obtained by permittees authorized to conduct studies under this section, of the oil and gas potential of such lands and those environmental characteristics and wildlife resources which would be affected by the exploration for and development of such oil and gas.
(B) The Secretary is authorized to issue permits for study, including geological, geophysical, and other assessment activities, if such activities can be conducted in a manner which is consistent with the purposes for which each affected area is managed under applicable law.
(2) The Secretary shall consult with the Secretary of Energy regarding the national interest involved in exploring for and developing oil and gas from such lands and shall seek the views of the Governor of the State of Alaska, Alaskan local governments, Native Regional and Village Corporations, the Alaska Land Use Council, representatives of the oil and gas industry, conservation groups, and other interested groups and individuals in determining which land should be studied and/or leased for the exploration and development of oil and gas.
(3) The Secretary shall encourage the State to undertake similar studies on lands associated, either through geological or other land values or because of possible transportation needs, with Federal lands. The Secretary shall integrate these studies, to the maximum extent practicable, with studies on Federal lands so that needs for cooperation between the Federal Government and the State of Alaska in managing energy and other natural resources, including fish and wildlife, can be established early in the program.
(c) Repealed. Pub. L. 100–203, title V, § 5105(1), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–259
(d) Issuance of leases; competitive bidding
(e) Repealed. Pub. L. 100–203, title V, § 5105(1), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–259
(f) Exploration plan
(g) Development and production plan
(h) Revised development and production plan
(i) Suspension and cancellation of lease
(Pub. L. 96–487, title X, § 1008, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2454; Pub. L. 100–203, title V, § 5105, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–259.)

CITE AS: 16 USC 3148

§ 3149. Oil and gas lease applications
(a) Lands within National Wildlife Refuge System but not part of National Wilderness Preservation System
(b) Statement of reasons for decision to issue or not to issue lease
(c) Environmental impact statement
(Pub. L. 96–487, title X, § 1009, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2456.)

CITE AS: 16 USC 3149

§ 3150. Alaska mineral resource assessment program
(a) Mineral assessments
(b) Regulations
Activities carried out in conservation system units under subsection (a) shall be subject to regulations promulgated by the Secretary. Such regulations shall ensure that such activities are carried out in an environmentally sound manner—
(1) which does not result in lasting environmental impacts which appreciably alter the natural character of the units or biological or ecological systems in the units; and
(2) which is compatible with the purposes for which such units are established.
(Pub. L. 96–487, title X, § 1010, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2456.)

CITE AS: 16 USC 3150

§ 3151. Omitted

CITE AS: 16 USC 3151