15 USC 1666 - Prompt and fair crediting of payments

Collapse to view only § 1666c. Prompt and fair crediting of payments

§ 1666. Correction of billing errors
§ 1666a. Regulation of credit reports
§ 1666b. Timing of payments
§ 1666c. Prompt and fair crediting of payments
§ 1666d. Treatment of credit balances
§ 1666e. Notification of credit card issuer by seller of return of goods, etc., by obligor; credit for account of obligor
Inducements to cardholders by sellers of cash discounts for payments by cash, check or similar means; finance charge for sales transactions involving cash discounts
§ 1666g. Tie-in services prohibited for issuance of credit card
§ 1666h. Offset of cardholder’s indebtedness by issuer of credit card with funds deposited with issuer by cardholder; remedies of creditors under State law not affected
§ 1666i. Assertion by cardholder against card issuer of claims and defenses arising out of credit card transaction; prerequisites; limitation on amount of claims or defenses
§ 1666i-1. Limits on interest rate, fee, and finance charge increases applicable to outstanding balances
§ 1666i-2. Additional limits on interest rate increases
§ 1666j. Applicability of State laws

§ 1666. Correction of billing errors

(a) Written notice by obligor to creditor; time for and contents of notice; procedure upon receipt of notice by creditorIf a creditor, within sixty days after having transmitted to an obligor a statement of the obligor’s account in connection with an extension of consumer credit, receives at the address disclosed under section 1637(b)(10) of this title a written notice (other than notice on a payment stub or other payment medium supplied by the creditor if the creditor so stipulates with the disclosure required under section 1637(a)(7) of this title) from the obligor in which the obligor—

(1) sets forth or otherwise enables the creditor to identify the name and account number (if any) of the obligor,

(2) indicates the obligor’s belief that the statement contains a billing error and the amount of such billing error, and

(3) sets forth the reasons for the obligor’s belief (to the extent applicable) that the statement contains a billing error,

the creditor shall, unless the obligor has, after giving such written notice and before the expiration of the time limits herein specified, agreed that the statement was correct—

(A) not later than thirty days after the receipt of the notice, send a written acknowledgment thereof to the obligor, unless the action required in subparagraph (B) is taken within such thirty-day period, and

(B) not later than two complete billing cycles of the creditor (in no event later than ninety days) after the receipt of the notice and prior to taking any action to collect the amount, or any part thereof, indicated by the obligor under paragraph (2) either—

(i) make appropriate corrections in the account of the obligor, including the crediting of any finance charges on amounts erroneously billed, and transmit to the obligor a notification of such corrections and the creditor’s explanation of any change in the amount indicated by the obligor under paragraph (2) and, if any such change is made and the obligor so requests, copies of documentary evidence of the obligor’s indebtedness; or

(ii) send a written explanation or clarification to the obligor, after having conducted an investigation, setting forth to the extent applicable the reasons why the creditor believes the account of the obligor was correctly shown in the statement and, upon request of the obligor, provide copies of documentary evidence of the obligor’s indebtedness. In the case of a billing error where the obligor alleges that the creditor’s billing statement reflects goods not delivered to the obligor or his designee in accordance with the agreement made at the time of the transaction, a creditor may not construe such amount to be correctly shown unless he determines that such goods were actually delivered, mailed, or otherwise sent to the obligor and provides the obligor with a statement of such determination.

After complying with the provisions of this subsection with respect to an alleged billing error, a creditor has no further responsibility under this section if the obligor continues to make substantially the same allegation with respect to such error.

(b) Billing errorFor the purpose of this section, a “billing error” consists of any of the following:

(1) A reflection on a statement of an extension of credit which was not made to the obligor or, if made, was not in the amount reflected on such statement.

(2) A reflection on a statement of an extension of credit for which the obligor requests additional clarification including documentary evidence thereof.

(3) A reflection on a statement of goods or services not accepted by the obligor or his designee or not delivered to the obligor or his designee in accordance with the agreement made at the time of a transaction.

(4) The creditor’s failure to reflect properly on a statement a payment made by the obligor or a credit issued to the obligor.

(5) A computation error or similar error of an accounting nature of the creditor on a statement.

(6) Failure to transmit the statement required under section 1637(b) of this title to the last address of the obligor which has been disclosed to the creditor, unless that address was furnished less than twenty days before the end of the billing cycle for which the statement is required.

(7) Any other error described in regulations of the Bureau.

(c) Action by creditor to collect amount or any part thereof regarded by obligor to be a billing errorFor the purposes of this section, “action to collect the amount, or any part thereof, indicated by an obligor under paragraph (2)” does not include the sending of statements of account, which may include finance charges on amounts in dispute, to the obligor following written notice from the obligor as specified under subsection (a), if—

(1) the obligor’s account is not restricted or closed because of the failure of the obligor to pay the amount indicated under paragraph (2) of subsection (a), and

(2) the creditor indicates the payment of such amount is not required pending the creditor’s compliance with this section.

Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit any action by a creditor to collect any amount which has not been indicated by the obligor to contain a billing error.

(d) Restricting or closing by creditor of account regarded by obligor to contain a billing error

(e) Effect of noncompliance with requirements by creditor

(Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 161, as added Pub. L. 93–495, title III, § 306, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1512; amended Pub. L. 96–221, title VI §§ 613(g), 620, Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 177, 184; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §§ 1087, 1100A(2), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2086, 2107.)

§ 1666a. Regulation of credit reports

(a) Reports by creditor on obligor’s failure to pay amount regarded as billing error

(b) Reports by creditor on delinquent amounts in dispute; notification of obligor of parties notified of delinquency

(Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 162, as added Pub. L. 93–495, title III, § 306, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1513.)

§ 1666b. Timing of payments

(a) Time to make payments

(b) Grace period

(Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 163, as added Pub. L. 93–495, title III, § 306, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1514; amended Pub. L. 111–24, title I, § 106(b)(1), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1742; Pub. L. 111–93, § 2, Nov. 6, 2009, 123 Stat. 2998.)

§ 1666c. Prompt and fair crediting of payments

(a) In general

(b) Application of payments

(1) In general

(2) Clarification relating to certain deferred interest arrangements

(Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 164, as added Pub. L. 93–495, title III, § 306, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1514; amended Pub. L. 111–24, title I, § 104, May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1741; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §§ 1087, 1100A(2), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2086, 2107.)

§ 1666d. Treatment of credit balances

Whenever a credit balance in excess of $1 is created in connection with a consumer credit transaction through (1) transmittal of funds to a creditor in excess of the total balance due on an account, (2) rebates of unearned finance charges or insurance premiums, or (3) amounts otherwise owed to or held for the benefit of an obligor, the creditor shall—

(A) credit the amount of the credit balance to the consumer’s account;

(B) refund any part of the amount of the remaining credit balance, upon request of the consumer; and

(C) make a good faith effort to refund to the consumer by cash, check, or money order any part of the amount of the credit balance remaining in the account for more than six months, except that no further action is required in any case in which the consumer’s current location is not known by the creditor and cannot be traced through the consumer’s last known address or telephone number.

(Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 165, as added Pub. L. 93–495, title III, § 306, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1514; amended Pub. L. 96–221, title VI, § 621(a), Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 184.)

§ 1666e. Notification of credit card issuer by seller of return of goods, etc., by obligor; credit for account of obligor

With respect to any sales transaction where a credit card has been used to obtain credit, where the seller is a person other than the card issuer, and where the seller accepts or allows a return of the goods or forgiveness of a debit for services which were the subject of such sale, the seller shall promptly transmit to the credit card issuer, a credit statement with respect thereto and the credit card issuer shall credit the account of the obligor for the amount of the transaction.

(Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 166, as added Pub. L. 93–495, title III, § 306, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1514.)

Inducements to cardholders by sellers of cash discounts for payments by cash, check or similar means; finance charge for sales transactions involving cash discounts

(a) Cash discounts

(b) Finance charge

(Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 167, as added Pub. L. 93–495, title III, § 306, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1515; amended Pub. L. 94–222, § 3(c)(1), Feb. 27, 1976, 90 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 97–25, title I, § 101, July 27, 1981, 95 Stat. 144.)

§ 1666g. Tie-in services prohibited for issuance of credit card

Notwithstanding any agreement to the contrary, a card issuer may not require a seller, as a condition to participating in a credit card plan, to open an account with or procure any other service from the card issuer or its subsidiary or agent.

(Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 168, as added Pub. L. 93–495, title III, § 306, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1515.)

§ 1666h. Offset of cardholder’s indebtedness by issuer of credit card with funds deposited with issuer by cardholder; remedies of creditors under State law not affected

(a) Offset against consumer’s funds

A card issuer may not take any action to offset a cardholder’s indebtedness arising in connection with a consumer credit transaction under the relevant credit card plan against funds of the cardholder held on deposit with the card issuer unless—

(1) such action was previously authorized in writing by the cardholder in accordance with a credit plan whereby the cardholder agrees periodically to pay debts incurred in his open end credit account by permitting the card issuer periodically to deduct all or a portion of such debt from the cardholder’s deposit account, and

(2) such action with respect to any outstanding disputed amount not be taken by the card issuer upon request of the cardholder.

In the case of any credit card account in existence on the effective date of this section, the previous written authorization referred to in clause (1) shall not be required until the date (after such effective date) when such account is renewed, but in no case later than one year after such effective date. Such written authorization shall be deemed to exist if the card issuer has previously notified the cardholder that the use of his credit card account will subject any funds which the card issuer holds in deposit accounts of such cardholder to offset against any amounts due and payable on his credit card account which have not been paid in accordance with the terms of the agreement between the card issuer and the cardholder.

(b) Attachments and levies

(Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 169, as added Pub. L. 93–495, title III, § 306, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1515.)

§ 1666i. Assertion by cardholder against card issuer of claims and defenses arising out of credit card transaction; prerequisites; limitation on amount of claims or defenses

(a) Claims and defenses assertible

(b) Amount of claims and defenses assertible

(Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 170, as added Pub. L. 93–495, title III, § 306, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1515.)

§ 1666i–1. Limits on interest rate, fee, and finance charge increases applicable to outstanding balances

(a) In general

(b) ExceptionsThe prohibition under subsection (a) shall not apply to—

(1) an increase in an annual percentage rate upon the expiration of a specified period of time, provided that—

(A) prior to commencement of that period, the creditor disclosed to the consumer, in a clear and conspicuous manner, the length of the period and the annual percentage rate that would apply after expiration of the period;

(B) the increased annual percentage rate does not exceed the rate disclosed pursuant to subparagraph (A); and

(C) the increased annual percentage rate is not applied to transactions that occurred prior to commencement of the period;

(2) an increase in a variable annual percentage rate in accordance with a credit card agreement that provides for changes in the rate according to operation of an index that is not under the control of the creditor and is available to the general public;

(3) an increase due to the completion of a workout or temporary hardship arrangement by the obligor or the failure of the obligor to comply with the terms of a workout or temporary hardship arrangement, provided that—

(A) the annual percentage rate, fee, or finance charge applicable to a category of transactions following any such increase does not exceed the rate, fee, or finance charge that applied to that category of transactions prior to commencement of the arrangement; and

(B) the creditor has provided the obligor, prior to the commencement of such arrangement, with clear and conspicuous disclosure of the terms of the arrangement (including any increases due to such completion or failure); or

(4) an increase due solely to the fact that a minimum payment by the obligor has not been received by the creditor within 60 days after the due date for such payment, provided that the creditor shall—

(A) include, together with the notice of such increase required under section 1637(i) of this title, a clear and conspicuous written statement of the reason for the increase and that the increase will terminate not later than 6 months after the date on which it is imposed, if the creditor receives the required minimum payments on time from the obligor during that period; and

(B) terminate such increase not later than 6 months after the date on which it is imposed, if the creditor receives the required minimum payments on time during that period.

(1) In general

(2) MethodsThe methods described in this paragraph are—

(A) an amortization period of not less than 5 years, beginning on the effective date of the increase set forth in the notice required under section 1637(i) of this title; or

(B) a required minimum periodic payment that includes a percentage of the outstanding balance that is equal to not more than twice the percentage required before the effective date of the increase set forth in the notice required under section 1637(i) of this title.

(d) Outstanding balance defined

(Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 171, as added Pub. L. 111–24, title I, § 101(b)(2), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1736.)

§ 1666i–2. Additional limits on interest rate increases

(a) Limitation on increases within first year

(b) Promotional rate minimum term

(Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 172, as added Pub. L. 111–24, title I, § 101(d), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1738; amended Pub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1100A(2), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2107.)

§ 1666j. Applicability of State laws

(a) Consistency of provisions

(b) Exemptions by Bureau from credit billing requirements

(Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 173, formerly § 171, as added Pub. L. 93–495, title III, § 306, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1516; amended Pub. L. 94–222, § 3(d), Feb. 27, 1976, 90 Stat. 198; renumbered § 173, Pub. L. 111–24, title I, § 101(b)(1), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1736; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §§ 1087, 1100A(2), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2086, 2107.)