10 USC 2917 - Development of geothermal energy on military lands

Collapse to view only § 2917. Development of geothermal energy on military lands

§ 2911. Energy policy of the Department of Defense
§ 2912. Availability and use of energy cost savings
§ 2913. Energy savings contracts and activities
§ 2914. Military construction projects for energy resilience, energy security, and energy conservation
§ 2915. Facilities: use of renewable forms of energy and energy efficient products
§ 2916. Sale of electricity from alternate energy and cogeneration production facilities
§ 2917. Development of geothermal energy on military lands
§ 2918. Fuel sources for heating systems; prohibition on converting certain heating facilities
§ 2919. Department of Defense participation in programs for management of energy demand or reduction of energy usage during peak periods
§ 2920. Energy resilience and energy security measures on military installations
§ 2921. Energy efficiency targets for data centers

§ 2911. Energy policy of the Department of Defense

(a)General Energy Policy.—The Secretary of Defense shall ensure the readiness of the armed forces for their military missions by pursuing energy security and energy resilience.

(b)Authorities.—In order to achieve the policy set forth in subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense may—

(1) establish metrics and standards for the assessment of energy resilience;

(2) require the Secretary of a military department to perform mission assurance and readiness assessments of energy power systems for mission critical assets and supporting infrastructure, applying uniform mission standards established by the Secretary of Defense;

(3) require the Secretary of a military department to establish and maintain an energy resilience master plan for an installation;

(4) authorize the use of energy security and energy resilience, including the benefits of on-site generation resources that reduce or avoid the cost of backup power, as factors in the cost-benefit analysis for procurement of energy; and

(5) in selecting facility energy projects that will use renewable energy sources, pursue energy security and energy resilience by giving favorable consideration to projects that provide power directly to a military facility or into the installation electrical distribution network.

(c)Energy Performance Goals.—

(1) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees the energy performance goals for the Department of Defense regarding transportation systems, support systems, utilities, and infrastructure and facilities.

(2) The energy performance goals shall be submitted annually not later than the date on which the President submits to Congress the budget for the next fiscal year under section 1105 of title 31 and cover that fiscal year as well as the next five, l0, and 20 years. The Secretary shall identify changes to the energy performance goals since the previous submission.

(3) The Secretary of Defense shall include the energy security and resilience goals of the Department of Defense in the installation energy report submitted under section 2925(a) 1

1 See References in Text note below.

of this title for fiscal year 2018 and every fiscal year thereafter. In the development of energy security and resilience goals, the Department of Defense shall conform with the definitions of energy security and resilience under this title. The report shall include the amount of critical energy load, together with the level of availability and reliability by fiscal year the Department of Defense deems necessary to achieve energy security and resilience.

(d)Energy Performance Master Plan.—

(1) The Secretary of Defense shall develop a comprehensive master plan for the achievement of the energy performance goals of the Department of Defense, as set forth in laws, executive orders, and Department of Defense policies.

(2) The master plan shall include the following:

(A) A separate master plan, developed by each military department and Defense Agency, for the achievement of energy performance goals.

(B) The use of a baseline standard for the measurement of energy consumption by transportation systems, support systems, utilities, and facilities and infrastructure that is consistent for all of the military departments.

(C) A method of measurement of reductions or conservation in energy consumption that provides for the taking into account of changes in the current size of fleets, number of facilities, and overall square footage of facility plants.

(D) Metrics to track annual progress in meeting energy performance goals.

(E) A description of specific requirements, and proposed investments, in connection with the achievement of energy performance goals reflected in the budget of the President for each fiscal year (as submitted to Congress under section 1105(a) of title 31).

(F) The up-to date list of energy-efficient products maintained under section 2915(e)(2) of this title.

(3) Not later than 30 days after the date on which the budget of the President is submitted to Congress for a fiscal year under section 1105(a) of title 31, the Secretary shall submit the current version of the master plan to Congress.

(e)Special Considerations.—For the purpose of developing and implementing the energy performance goals and energy performance master plan, the Secretary of Defense shall consider at a minimum the following:

(1) Opportunities to reduce the current rate of consumption of energy, the future demand for energy, and the requirement for the use of energy.

(2) Opportunities to enhance energy resilience to ensure the Department of Defense has the ability to prepare for and recover from energy disruptions that affect mission assurance on military installations.

(3) Opportunities to implement conservation measures to improve the efficient use of energy.

(4) Opportunities to pursue alternative energy initiatives, including the use of alternative fuels and hybrid-electric drive in military vehicles and equipment.

(5) Opportunities for the high-performance construction, lease, operation, and maintenance of buildings.

(6) Cost effectiveness, cost savings, and net present value of alternatives.

(7) The value of diversification of types and sources of energy used.

(8) The value of economies-of-scale associated with fewer energy types used.

(9) The value of the use of renewable energy sources.

(10) The value of incorporating electric, hybrid-electric, and high efficiency vehicles into vehicle fleets.

(11) The potential for an action to serve as an incentive for members of the armed forces and civilian personnel to reduce energy consumption or adopt an improved energy performance measure.

(12) Opportunities for improving energy security for facility energy projects that will use renewable energy sources.

(13) Opportunities to leverage financing provided by a non-Department entity to address installation energy needs.

(14) The reliability and security of energy resources in the event of a military conflict.

(15) The value of resourcing energy from partners and allies of the United States.

(f)Selection of Energy Conservation Measures.—For the purpose of implementing the energy performance master plan, the Secretary of Defense shall provide that the selection of energy conservation measures, including energy efficient maintenance, shall be limited to those measures that—

(1) are readily available;

(2) demonstrate an economic return on the investment;

(3) are consistent with the energy performance goals and energy performance master plan for the Department; and

(4) are supported by the special considerations specified in subsection (c).

(g)Goal Regarding Use of Renewable Energy To Meet Facility Energy Needs.—

(1) It shall be the goal of the Department of Defense—

(A) to produce or procure not less than 25 percent of the total quantity of facility energy it consumes within its facilities during fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter from renewable energy sources; and

(B) to produce or procure facility energy from renewable energy sources whenever the use of such renewable energy sources is consistent with the energy performance goals and energy performance master plan for the Department and supported by the special considerations specified in subsection (c).

(2) To help ensure that the goal specified in paragraph (1)(A) regarding the use of renewable energy by the Department of Defense is achieved, the Secretary of Defense shall establish an interim goal for fiscal year 2018 for the production or procurement of facility energy from renewable energy sources.

(3)

(A) The Secretary of Defense shall establish a policy to maximize savings for the bulk purchase of replacement renewable energy certificates in connection with the development of facility energy projects using renewable energy sources.

(B) Under the policy required by subparagraph (A), the Secretary of a military department shall submit requests for the purchase of replacement renewable energy certificates to a centralized purchasing authority maintained by such department or the Defense Logistics Agency with expertise regarding—

(i) the market for renewable energy certificates;

(ii) the procurement of renewable energy certificates; and

(iii) obtaining the best value for the military department by maximizing the purchase of renewable energy certificates from projects placed into service before January 1, 1999.

(C) The centralized purchasing authority shall solicit industry for the most competitive offer for replacement renewable energy certificates, to include a combination of renewable energy certificates from new projects and projects placed into service before January 1, 1999.

(D) Subparagraph (B) does not prohibit the Secretary of a military department from entering into an agreement outside of the centralized purchasing authority if the Secretary will obtain the best value by bundling the renewable energy certificates with the facility energy project through a power purchase agreement or other contractual mechanism at the installation.

(E) Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to authorize the purchase of renewable energy certificates to meet Federal goals or mandates in the absence of the development of a facility energy project using renewable energy sources.

(F) This policy does not make the purchase of renewable energy certificates mandatory, but the policy shall apply whenever original renewable energy certificates are proposed to be swapped for replacement renewable energy certificates.

(h)Promotion of On-Site Energy Security and Energy Resilience.—

(1) Consistent with the energy security and resilience goals of the Department of Defense and the energy performance master plan referred to in this section, the Secretary concerned shall consider, when feasible, projects for the production of installation energy that benefits military readiness and promotes installation energy security and energy resilience in the following manner:

(A) Location of the energy-production infrastructure on the military installation that will consume the energy.

(B) Incorporation of energy resilience features, such as microgrids, to ensure that energy remains available to the installation even when the installation is not connected to energy sources located off the installation.

(2)

(A) Using amounts made available for military construction projects under section 2914 of this title, the Secretary of Defense shall carry out at least four projects to promote installation energy security and energy resilience in the manner described in paragraph (1).

(B) At least one project shall be designed to develop technology that demonstrates the ability to connect an existing on-site energy generation facility that uses solar power with one or more installation facilities performing critical missions in a manner that allows the generation facility to continue to provide electrical power to these facilities even if the installation is disconnected from the commercial power supply.

(C) At least one project shall be designed to develop technology that demonstrates that one or more installation facilities performing critical missions can be isolated, for purposes of electrical power supply, from the remainder of the installation and from the commercial power supply in a manner that allows an on-site energy generation facility that uses a renewable energy source, other than solar energy, to provide the necessary power exclusively to these facilities.

(D) At least two projects shall be designed to develop technology that demonstrates the ability to store sufficient electrical energy from an on-site energy generation facility that uses a renewable energy source to provide the electrical energy required to continue operation of installation facilities performing critical missions during nighttime operations.

(E) The authority of the Secretary of Defense to commence a project under this paragraph expires on September 30, 2025.

(3) In this subsection, the term “microgrid” means an integrated energy system consisting of interconnected loads and energy resources that, if necessary, can be removed from the local utility grid and function as an integrated, stand-alone system.

(i)Assessment of Life-cycle Costs and Performance of Potential Energy Resilience Projects.—

(1) Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary of Defense shall develop and institute a process to ensure that the Department of Defense, when evaluating energy resilience measures, uses analytical tools that are accurate and effective in projecting the costs and performance of such measures.

(2) Analytical tools used under paragraph (1) shall be—

(A) designed to—

(i) provide an accurate projection of the costs and performance of the energy resilience measure being analyzed;

(ii) be used without specialized training; and

(iii) produce resulting data that is understandable and usable by the typical source selection official;

(B) consistent with standards and analytical tools commonly applied by the Department of Energy and by commercial industry;

(D) peer reviewed for quality and precision and measured against the highest level of development for such tools; and

(E) periodically reviewed and updated, but not less frequently than once every three years.

(j)Aggregate Energy Conservation Measures and Funding.—

(1) To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary concerned shall take a holistic view of the energy project opportunities on installations under the jurisdiction of such Secretary and shall consider aggregate energy conservation measures, including energy conservation measures with quick payback, with energy resilience enhancement projects and other projects that may have a longer payback period.

(2) In considering aggregate energy conservation measures under paragraph (1), the Secretary concerned shall incorporate all funding available to such Secretary for such measures, including—

(A) appropriated funds, such as—

(i) funds appropriated for the Energy Resilience and Conservation Investment Program of the Department; and

(ii) funds appropriated for the Facilities Sustainment, Restoration, and Modernization program of the Department; and

(B) funding available under performance contracts, such as energy savings performance contracts and utility energy service contracts.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 109–364, div. B, title XXVIII, §§ 2851(a)(1), 2852, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2489, 2496; Pub. L. 111–84, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2842, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2680; Pub. L. 111–383, div. B, title XXVIII, §§ 2831, 2832(a), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4467, 4468; Pub. L. 112–81, div. B, title XXVIII, §§ 2821(b)(1), 2822(b), 2823(a), 2824(a), 2825(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1691, 1692, 1694; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title III, § 312, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2831(a), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1348, 1857; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title III, § 312(a), (b), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1709, 1710; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title III, § 320(b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1307; Pub. L. 116–283, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2825(a), (b)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4333, 4334; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title III, § 314(a), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1629; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title III, §§ 315, 316, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2505.)

§ 2912. Availability and use of energy cost savings

(a)Availability.—An amount of the funds appropriated to the Department of Defense for a fiscal year that is equal to the amount of energy cost savings realized by the Department, including financial benefits resulting from shared energy savings contracts entered into under section 2913 of this title, and, in the case of operational energy, from both training and operational missions, shall remain available for obligation under subsection (b) or (c), as the case may be, for that fiscal year and the succeeding fiscal year, without additional authorization or appropriation.

(b)Use.—Except as provided in subsection (c) with respect to operational energy cost savings, the Secretary of Defense shall provide that the amount that remains available for obligation under subsection (a) and the funds made available under section 2916(b)(2) of this title shall be used as follows:

(1) One-half of the amount shall be used for the implementation of additional energy resilience, mission assurance, weather damage repair and prevention, energy conservation, and energy security measures, including energy resilience and energy conservation construction projects, at buildings, facilities, or installations of the Department of Defense or related to vehicles and equipment of the Department, which are designated, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, by the head of the department, agency, or instrumentality that realized the savings referred to in subsection (a).

(2) One-half of the amount shall be used at the installation at which the savings were realized, as determined by the commanding officer of such installation consistent with applicable law and regulations, for—

(A) improvements to existing military family housing units;

(B) any unspecified minor construction project that will enhance the quality of life of personnel; or

(c)Use of Operational Energy Cost Savings.—The amount that remains available for obligation under subsection (a) that relates to operational energy cost savings realized by the Department shall be used for the implementation of additional operational energy resilience, efficiencies, mission assurance, energy conservation, or energy security within the department, agency, or instrumentality that realized that savings.

(d)Treatment of Certain Financial Incentives.—Financial incentives received from gas or electric utilities under section 2913 of this title shall be credited to an appropriation designated by the Secretary of Defense. Amounts so credited shall be merged with the appropriation to which credited and shall be available for the same purposes and the same period as the appropriation with which merged.

(e)Transfer of Amounts.—

(1) The Secretary of Defense may transfer amounts described in subsection (a) that remain available for obligation to other funding accounts of the Department of Defense if the purpose for which such amounts will be used is a purpose specified in subsection (b) or (c).

(2) Amounts transferred to a funding account of the Department under paragraph (1) shall be available for obligation for the same period as amounts in that account.

(3) At the end of each fiscal year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report detailing any funds transferred pursuant to paragraph (1) during that fiscal year, including a detailed description of the purpose for which such amounts have been used.

(Added Pub. L. 109–364, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2851(a)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2491; amended Pub. L. 112–239, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2822, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2152; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, § 1051(a)(26), div. B, title XXVIII, § 2832, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1562, 1858; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title III, § 312(h), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1711; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title III, § 317, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1304; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title III, § 317, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3519; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title III, § 315, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1630.)

§ 2913. Energy savings contracts and activities

(a)Shared Energy Savings Contracts.—

(1) The Secretary of Defense shall develop a simplified method of contracting for shared energy savings contract services that will accelerate the use of these contracts with respect to military installations and will reduce the administrative effort and cost on the part of the Department of Defense as well as the private sector.

(2) In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense may—

(A) request statements of qualifications (as prescribed by the Secretary of Defense), including financial and performance information, from firms engaged in providing shared energy savings contracting;

(B) designate from the statements received, with an update at least annually, those firms that are presumptively qualified to provide shared energy savings services;

(C) select at least three firms from the qualifying list to conduct discussions concerning a particular proposed project, including requesting a technical and price proposal from such selected firms for such project; and

(D) select from such firms the most qualified firm to provide shared energy savings services pursuant to a contractual arrangement that the Secretary determines is fair and reasonable, taking into account the estimated value of the services to be rendered and the scope and nature of the project.

(3) In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary may also provide for the direct negotiation, by departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the Department of Defense, of contracts with shared energy savings contractors that have been selected competitively and approved by any gas or electric utility serving the department, agency, or instrumentality concerned.

(b)Participation in Gas or Electric Utility Programs.—The Secretary of Defense shall permit and encourage each military department, Defense Agency, and other instrumentality of the Department of Defense to participate in programs conducted by any gas or electric utility for the management of energy demand or for energy conservation.

(c)Acceptance of Financial Incentive, Goods, or Services.—The Secretary of Defense may authorize any military installation to accept any financial incentive, goods, or services generally available from a State or local government or gas or electric utility, to adopt technologies and practices that the Secretary determines are in the interests of the United States and consistent with the energy performance goals for the Department of Defense.

(d)Agreements With Gas or Electric Utilities.—

(1) The Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of a military department having jurisdiction over a military installation to enter into agreements with gas or electric utilities to design and implement cost-effective demand and conservation incentive programs (including energy management services, facilities alterations, and the installation and maintenance of energy saving devices and technologies by the utilities) to address the requirements and circumstances of the installation.

(2) If an agreement under this subsection provides for a utility to advance financing costs for the design or implementation of a program referred to in that paragraph to be repaid by the United States, the cost of such advance may be recovered by the utility under terms no less favorable than those applicable to its most favored customer.

(3) Subject to the availability of appropriations, repayment of costs advanced under paragraph (2) shall be made from funds available to a military department for the purchase of utility services.

(4) An agreement under this subsection shall provide that title to any energy-saving device or technology installed at a military installation pursuant to the agreement vest in the United States. Such title may vest at such time during the term of the agreement, or upon expiration of the agreement, as determined to be in the best interests of the United States.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 109–364, div. B, title XXVIII, §§ 2851(a)(1), 2853, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2491, 2496; Pub. L. 110–140, title V, § 511(c), Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1658; Pub. L. 110–181, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2861, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 559; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title III, § 312(g), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1711; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title III, § 320(a)(1)(A), title XVII, § 1731(a)(58), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1306, 1815.)

§ 2914. Military construction projects for energy resilience, energy security, and energy conservation

(a)Project Authorization Required.—The Secretary of Defense may carry out such military construction projects for energy resilience, energy security, and energy conservation as are authorized by law, using funds appropriated or otherwise made available for that purpose.

(b)Submission of Project Proposals.—

(1) As part of the Department of Defense Form 1391 submitted to the appropriate committees of Congress for a military construction project covered by subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall include the following information:

(A) The project title.

(B) The location of the project.

(D) The original project cost estimate and the current working cost estimate, if different.

(E) Such other information as the Secretary considers appropriate.

(2) In the case of a military construction project for energy conservation, the Secretary also shall include the following information:

(A) The original expected savings-to-investment ratio and simple payback estimates and measurement and verification cost estimate.

(B) The most current expected savings-to-investment ratio and simple payback estimates and measurement and verification plan and costs.

(3) In the case of a military construction project for energy resilience or energy security, the Secretary also shall include the rationale for how the project would enhance mission assurance, support mission critical functions, and address known vulnerabilities.

(c)Alternative Funding Source.—

(1) In addition to the authority under section 2805(c) of this title, in carrying out a military construction project for energy resilience, energy security, or energy conservation under this section, the Secretary concerned may use amounts available for operation and maintenance for the military department concerned if the Secretary concerned submits to the congressional defense committees a notification of the decision to carry out the project using such amounts and includes in the notification—

(A) the current estimate of the cost of the project;

(B) the source of funds for the project; and

(C) a certification that deferring the project pending the availability of funds appropriated for or otherwise made available for military construction would be inconsistent with the timely assurance of energy resilience, energy security, or energy conservation for one or more critical national security functions.

(2) A project carried out under this section using amounts under paragraph (1) may be carried out only after the end of the seven-day period beginning on the date on which a copy of the notification described in paragraph (1) is provided in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title.

(3) The maximum aggregate amount that the Secretary concerned may obligate from amounts available to the military department concerned for operation and maintenance in any fiscal year for projects under the authority of this subsection is $100,000,000.

(d)Relation to Certain Other Authorities.—A project under this section may include—

(1) activities related to a utility system authorized under subsections (h), (j), and (k) of section 2688 or section 2913 of this title, notwithstanding that the United States does not own the utility system covered by the project; and

(2) energy-related activities included as a separate requirement in an energy savings performance contract (as defined in section 804(3) of the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 8287c(3))).

(e)Incorporation of Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management Tools and Methods.—

(1) The Secretary of Defense shall incorporate into covered projects cybersecurity supply chain risk management tools and solutions to provide continuous analysis, monitoring, and mitigation of cyber vulnerabilities.

(2) In carrying out the requirements of paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense shall consider, to the maximum extent practicable, the following:

(A) The adoption of commercially available cybersecurity supply chain risk management tools and solutions.

(B) The inclusion of existing databases on cyber vulnerabilities when selecting such tools and solutions.

(C) The need for such tools and methods to provide continuous analysis, monitoring, and mitigation of cyber vulnerabilities in covered projects.

(D) Beginning with fiscal year 2026, documentation for any new requirements for cybersecurity supply chain risk management in annual guidance for covered projects that is submitted along with the annual budget request of the President submitted pursuant to section 1105 of title 31.

(3) In this subsection, the term “covered project” means a project connected to a Department of Defense Information Network for which funds are made available under this section.

(f)Application to Military Construction Projects.—This section shall apply to military construction projects covered by subsection (a) for which a Department of Defense Form 1391 is submitted to the appropriate committees of Congress in connection with the budget of the Department of Defense for fiscal year 2023 and thereafter.

(Added Pub. L. 109–364, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2851(a)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2493; amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2805(a)(1), (b)(1)(A), (2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2713, 2714; Pub. L. 115–91, div. B, title XXVIII, §§ 2801(e)(1), 2831(c)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1845, 1857; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title X, § 1081(a)(29), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1985; Pub. L. 116–283, div. B, title XXVIII, §§ 2805(a), 2823(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4321, 4333; Pub. L. 117–81, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2804, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2188; Pub. L. 118–31, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2809, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 746.)

§ 2915. Facilities: use of renewable forms of energy and energy efficient products

(a)Use of Renewable Forms of Energy Encouraged.—The Secretary of Defense shall encourage the use of energy systems using solar energy or other renewable forms of energy as a source of energy for military construction projects (including military family housing projects) and facility repairs and renovations where use of such form of energy is consistent with the energy performance goals and energy performance master plan for the Department of Defense developed under section 2911 of this title and supported by the special considerations specified in subsection (e) of such section.

(b)Consideration During Design Phase of Projects.—

(1) The Secretary concerned shall require that the design for the construction, repair, or renovation of facilities (including family housing and back-up power generation facilities) requires consideration of energy systems using solar energy or other renewable forms of energy when use of a renewable form of energy—

(A) is consistent with the energy performance goals and energy performance master plan for the Department of Defense developed under section 2911 of this title; and

(B) supported by the special considerations specified in subsection (e) of such section.

(2) The Secretary concerned shall require that contracts for construction resulting from such design include a requirement that energy systems using solar energy or other renewable forms of energy be installed if such systems can be shown to be cost effective.

(c)Determination of Cost Effectiveness.—

(1) For the purposes of this section, an energy system using solar energy or other renewable forms of energy for a facility shall be considered to be cost effective if the difference between (A) the original investment cost of the energy system for the facility with such a system, and (B) the original investment cost of the energy system for the facility without such a system can be recovered over the expected life of the facility.

(2) A determination under paragraph (1) concerning whether a cost-differential can be recovered over the expected life of a facility shall be made using the life-cycle cost methods and procedures established pursuant to section 544(a) of the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 8254(a)).

(d)Exception to Square Feet and Cost Per Square Foot Limitations.—In order to equip a military construction project (including a military family housing project) with heating equipment, cooling equipment, or both heating and cooling equipment using solar energy or other renewable forms of energy or with a passive energy system using solar energy or other renewable forms of energy, the Secretary concerned may authorize an increase in any otherwise applicable limitation with respect to the number of square feet or the cost per square foot of the project by such amount as may be necessary for such purpose. Any such increase under this subsection shall be in addition to any other administrative increase in cost per square foot or variation in floor area authorized by law.

(e)Use of Energy Efficient Products in Facilities.—

(1) The Secretary of Defense shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that energy efficient products meeting the requirements of the Department of Defense are used in construction, repair, or renovation of facilities by or for the Department carried out under chapter 169 of this title if such products are readily available and their use is consistent with the energy performance goals and energy performance master plan for the Department developed under section 2911 of this title and supported by the special considerations specified in subsection (e) of such section.

(2)

(A) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe a definition of the term “energy-efficient product” for purposes of this subsection and establish and maintain a list of products satisfying the definition. The definition and list shall be developed in consultation with the Secretary of Energy to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, consistency with definitions of the term used by other Federal agencies.

(B) The Secretary shall modify the definition and list of energy-efficient products as necessary to account for emerging or changing technologies.

(C) The list of energy-efficient products shall be included as part of the energy performance master plan developed pursuant to section 2911(d)(2) of this title.

(3) In determining the energy efficiency of products, the Secretary shall consider products that—

(A) meet or exceed Energy Star specifications; or

(B) are listed on the Federal Energy Management Program Product Energy Efficiency Recommendations product list of the Department of Energy.

(Added Pub. L. 97–214, § 2(a), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 166, § 2857; amended Pub. L. 97–321, title VIII, § 801(b)(1), (2), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1571; Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, § 1405(45)(A), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2625; Pub. L. 101–218, § 8(b), Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1868; Pub. L. 101–510, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2852(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1804; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, § 701(g)(2), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 115; renumbered § 2915 and amended Pub. L. 109–364, div. B, title XXVIII, §§ 2851(b)(1), (3)(A), 2854, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2494, 2497; Pub. L. 111–383, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2832(b), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4468; Pub. L. 112–81, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2825(a), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1693; Pub. L. 115–91, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2831(c)(2), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1857.)

§ 2916. Sale of electricity from alternate energy and cogeneration production facilities

(a) The Secretary of a military department may sell, contract to sell, or authorize the sale by a contractor to a public or private utility company of electrical energy generated from alternate energy or cogeneration type production facilities which are under the jurisdiction (or produced on land which is under the jurisdiction) of the Secretary concerned. The sale of such energy shall be made under such regulations, for such periods, and at such prices as the Secretary concerned prescribes consistent with the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.).

(b)

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (3), proceeds from sales under subsection (a) shall be credited to the appropriation account currently available to the military department concerned for the supply of electrical energy.

(2) Subject to the availability of appropriations for this purpose, proceeds credited under paragraph (1) may be used to carry out military construction projects under the energy performance plan developed by the Secretary of Defense under section 2911(c) 1

1 See References in Text note below.

of this title, including minor military construction projects authorized under section 2805 of this title that are designed to increase energy conservation.

(3) In the case of proceeds from a sale of electrical energy generated from any geothermal energy resource—

(A) 50 percent shall be credited to the appropriation account described in paragraph (1); and

(B) 50 percent shall be deposited in a special account in the Treasury established by the Secretary concerned which shall be provided directly to the commander of the military installation in which the geothermal energy resource is located to be used for—

(i) military construction projects described in paragraph (2) that benefit the military installation where the geothermal energy resource is located; or

(ii) energy or water security projects that—(I) benefit the military installation where the geothermal energy resource is located;(II) the commander of the military installation determines are necessary; and(III) are directly coordinated with local area energy or groundwater governing authorities.

(c) Before carrying out a military construction project described in subsection (b) using proceeds from sales under subsection (a), the Secretary concerned shall notify Congress of the project, the justification for the project, and the estimated cost of the project. The project may be carried out only after the end of the 14-day period beginning on the date the notification is received by Congress in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 98–407, title VIII, § 810(a), Aug. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1523, § 2483; amended Pub. L. 103–160, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2802, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1884; renumbered § 2867, Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title III, § 371(b)(2), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1705; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, § 1031(a)(49), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1602; renumbered § 2916 and amended Pub. L. 109–364, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2851(b)(1), (3)(B), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2494; Pub. L. 115–91, div. B, title XXVIII, §§ 2801(e)(2), 2831(c)(3), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1845, 1858; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title III, § 313, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1711; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title III, § 318, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1305.)

§ 2917. Development of geothermal energy on military lands

(a)Development Authorized.—The Secretary of a military department may develop, or authorize the development of, any geothermal energy resource within lands under the Secretary’s jurisdiction, including public lands, for the use or benefit of the Department of Defense if that development is in the public interest, as determined by the Secretary concerned, and will not deter commercial development and use of other portions of such resource if offered for leasing.

(b)Consideration of Energy Security.—The development of a geothermal energy project under subsection (a) should include consideration of energy security in the design and development of the project.

(Added Pub. L. 97–214, § 6(c)(1), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 172, § 2689; renumbered § 2917, Pub. L. 109–364, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2851(b)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2494; amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2822(c), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1692.)

§ 2918. Fuel sources for heating systems; prohibition on converting certain heating facilities

(a)

(1) The Secretary of the military department concerned shall provide that the primary fuel source to be used in any new heating system constructed on lands under the jurisdiction of the military department is the most cost effective fuel for that heating system over the life cycle of the system.

(2) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations for the determination of the life-cycle cost effectiveness of a fuel for the purposes of paragraph (1).

(b) The Secretary of a military department may not convert a heating facility at a United States military installation in Europe from a coal-fired facility to an oil-fired facility, or to any other energy source facility, unless the Secretary determines that the conversion—

(1) is required by the government of the country in which the facility is located; or

(2) is cost-effective over the life cycle of the facility.

(Added Pub. L. 97–214, § 6(c)(1), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 173, § 2690; amended Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XII, § 1205(a)(1), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3971; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, § 1041(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1885; renumbered § 2918, Pub. L. 109–364, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2851(b)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2494.)

§ 2919. Department of Defense participation in programs for management of energy demand or reduction of energy usage during peak periods

(a)Participation in Demand Response or Load Management Programs.—The Secretary of Defense, the Secretaries of the military departments, the heads of the Defense Agencies, and the heads of other instrumentalities of the Department of Defense are authorized to participate in demand response programs for the management of energy demand or the reduction of energy usage during peak periods conducted by any of the following parties:

(1) An electric utility.

(2) An independent system operator.

(3) A State agency.

(4) A third party entity (such as a demand response aggregator or curtailment service provider) implementing demand response programs on behalf of an electric utility, independent system operator, or State agency.

(b)Treatment of Certain Financial Incentives.—Financial incentives received from an entity specified in subsection (a) shall be—

(1) received as a cost reduction in the utility bill for a facility; or

(2) deposited into the fund established under subsection (c) for use, to the extent provided for in an appropriations Act, by the military department, Defense Agency, or instrumentality receiving such financial incentive for energy management initiatives.

(c)Energy Savings Financial Incentives Fund.—There is established in the Treasury a fund to be known as the “Energy Savings Financial Incentives Fund”. The Fund shall consist of any amount deposited in the Fund pursuant to subsection (b)(2) and amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the Fund by law.

(Added Pub. L. 111–84, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2843(a), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2681.)

§ 2920. Energy resilience and energy security measures on military installations

(a)Energy Resilience Measures.—

(1) The Secretary of Defense shall, by the end of fiscal year 2030, provide that 100 percent of the energy load required to maintain the critical missions of each installation have a minimum level of availability of 99.9 percent per fiscal year.

(2) The Secretary of Defense shall issue standards establishing levels of availability relative to specific critical missions, with such standards providing a range of not less than 99.9 percent availability per fiscal year and not more than 99.9999 percent availability per fiscal year, depending on the criticality of the mission.

(3) The Secretary may establish interim goals to take effect prior to fiscal year 2025 to ensure the requirements under this subsection are met.

(4) The Secretary of each military department and the head of each Defense Agency shall ensure that their organizations meet the requirements of this subsection.

(b)Planning.—

(1) The Secretary of Defense shall require the Secretary of each military department and the head of each Defense Agency to plan for the provision of energy resilience and energy security for installations.

(2) Planning under paragraph (1) shall—

(A) promote the use of multiple and diverse sources of energy, with an emphasis favoring energy resources originating on the installation such as modular generation;

(B) promote installing microgrids to ensure the energy security and energy resilience of critical missions; and

(c)Development of Information.—The planning required by subsection (b) shall identify each of the following for each installation:

(1) The critical missions of the installation.

(2) The energy requirements of those critical missions.

(3) The duration that those energy requirements are likely to be needed in the event of a disruption or emergency.

(4) The current source of energy provided to those critical missions.

(5) The duration that the currently provided energy would likely be available in the event of a disruption or emergency.

(6) Any currently available sources of energy that would provide uninterrupted energy to critical missions in the event of a disruption or emergency.

(7) Alternative sources of energy that could be developed to provide uninterrupted energy to critical missions in the event of a disruption or emergency.

(d)Testing and Measuring.—

(1)

(A) The Secretary of Defense shall require the Secretary of each military department and head of each Defense Agency to conduct monitoring, measuring, and testing to provide the data necessary to comply with this section.

(B) Any data provided under subparagraph (A) shall be made available to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment upon request.

(2)

(A) The Secretary of Defense shall require that black start exercises be conducted to assess the energy resilience and energy security of installations for periods established to evaluate the ability of the installation to perform critical missions without access to off-installation energy resources.

(B) A black start exercise conducted under subparagraph (A) may exclude, if technically feasible, housing areas, commissaries, exchanges, and morale, welfare, and recreation facilities.

(i) provide uniform policy for the military departments and the Defense Agencies with respect to conducting black start exercises; and

(ii) establish a schedule of black start exercises for the military departments and the Defense Agencies, with each military department and Defense Agency scheduled to conduct such an exercise on a number of installations each year sufficient to allow that military department or Defense Agency to meet the goals of this section, but in any event not fewer than five installations each year for each military department through fiscal year 2027.

(D)

(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), the Secretary of each military department shall, notwithstanding any other provision of law, conduct black start exercises in accordance with the schedule provided for in subparagraph (C)(ii), with any such exercise not to last longer than five days.

(ii) The Secretary of a military department may conduct more black start exercises than those identified in the schedule provided for in subparagraph (C)(ii).

(e)Contract Requirements.—For contracts for energy and utility services, the Secretary of Defense shall—

(1) specify methods and processes to measure, manage, and verify compliance with subsection (a); and

(2) ensure that such contracts include requirements appropriate to ensure energy resilience and energy security, including requirements for metering to measure, manage, and verify energy consumption, availability, and reliability consistent with this section and the energy resilience metrics and standards under section 2911(b) of this title.

(f)Exception.—This section does not apply to fuels used in aircraft, vessels, or motor vehicles.

(g)Report.—If by the end of fiscal year 2029, the Secretary determines that the Department will be unable to meet the requirements under subsection (a), not later than 90 days after the end of such fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report detailing—

(1) the projected shortfall;

(2) reasons for the projected shortfall;

(3) any statutory, technological, or monetary impediments to achieving such requirements;

(4) any impact to readiness or ability to meet the national defense posture; and

(5) any other relevant information as the Secretary considers appropriate.

(h)Definitions.—In this section:

(1) The term “availability” means the availability of required energy at a stated instant of time or over a stated period of time for a specific purpose.

(2) The term “black start exercise” means an exercise in which delivery of energy provided from off an installation is terminated before backup generation assets on the installation are turned on. Such an exercise shall—

(A) determine the ability of the backup systems to start independently, transfer the load, and carry the load until energy from off the installation is restored;

(B) align organizations with critical missions to coordinate in meeting critical mission requirements;

(D) identify infrastructure interdependencies; and

(E) verify backup electric power system performance.

(3) The term “critical mission”—

(A) means those aspects of the missions of an installation, including mission essential operations, that are critical to successful performance of the strategic national defense mission;

(B) may include operational headquarters facilities, airfields and supporting infrastructure, harbor facilities supporting naval vessels, munitions production and storage facilities, missile fields, radars, satellite control facilities, cyber operations facilities, space launch facilities, operational communications facilities, and biological defense facilities; and

(C) does not include military housing (including privatized military housing), morale, welfare, and recreation facilities, exchanges, commissaries, or privately owned facilities.

(4) The term “energy” means electricity, natural gas, steam, chilled water, and heated water.

(5) The term “installation” has the meaning given the term “military installation” in section 2801(c)(4) of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title III, § 316(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3516.)

§ 2921. Energy efficiency targets for data centers

(a)Covered Data Centers.—

(1) For each covered data center, the Secretary of Defense shall—

(A) develop a power usage effectiveness target for the data center, based on location, resiliency, industry standards, and best practices;

(B) develop a water usage effectiveness target for the data center, based on location, resiliency, industry standards, and best practices;

(C) develop other energy efficiency or water usage targets for the data center based on industry standards and best practices, as applicable to meet energy efficiency and resiliency goals;

(D) identify potential renewable or clean energy resources, or related technologies such as advanced battery storage capacity, to enhance resiliency at the data center, including potential renewable or clean energy purchase targets based on the location of the data center; and

(E) identify any statutory, regulatory, or policy barriers to meeting any target under any of subparagraphs (A) through (C).

(2) The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that targets developed under paragraph (1) are consistent with guidance issued by the Secretary of Energy.

(3) In this subsection, the term “covered data center” means a data center of the Department of Defense that—

(A) is one of the 50 data centers of the Department with the highest annual power usage rates; and

(B) has been established before the date of the enactment of this section.

(b)New Data Centers.—

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), in the case of any Department of Defense data center established on or after the date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary of Defense shall establish energy, water usage, and resiliency-related standards that the data center shall be required to meet based on location, resiliency, industry and Federal standards, and best practices. Such standards shall include—

(A) power usage effectiveness standards;

(B) water usage effectiveness standards; and

(2) The Secretary may waive the requirement for a Department data center established on or after the date of the enactment of this section to meet the standards established under paragraph (1) if the Secretary—

(A) determines that such waiver is in the national security interest of the United States; and

(B) submits to the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives notice of such waiver and the reasons for such waiver.

(Added Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title III, § 312(a)(1), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1627.)