Unless one of the exceptions stated in § 671.5 is applicable, it is unlawful for any U.S. citizen to:

(a) Use or release any banned substance in Antarctica;

(b) Use or release any designated pollutant in Antarctica, except pursuant to a permit issued by NSF under subpart C of this part;

(c) Release any waste in Antarctica, except pursuant to a permit issued by NSF under subpart C of this part; or

(d) Violate any term or condition of a permit issued by NSF under subpart C of this part, or any term or condition of any of the regulations issued under this part.

A permit shall not be required for any use or release of designated pollutants or waste allowed under the Act to Prevent Marine Pollution from Ships (33 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.), as amended, or for any shipboard use of banned substances or designated pollutants, provided such substances are not removed from the vessel in Antarctica.