The regulations of this part apply to the registration of fuels and fuel additives designated by the Administrator, pursuant to section 211 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 1857f-6c, as amended by section 9, Pub. L. 91-604).

As used in this part, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act:

(a) Act means the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq., as amended by Pub. L. 91-604).

(b) Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.

(c) Fuel means any material which is capable of releasing energy or power by combustion or other chemical or physical reaction.

(d) Fuel manufacturer means any person who, for sale or introduction into commerce, produces, manufactures, or imports a fuel or causes or directs the alteration of the chemical composition of a bulk fuel, or the mixture of chemical compounds in a bulk fuel, by adding to it an additive, except:

(1) A party (other than a fuel refiner or importer) who adds a quantity of additive(s) amounting to less than 1.0 percent by volume of the resultant additive(s)/fuel mixture is not thereby considered a fuel manufacturer.

(2) A party (other than a fuel refiner or importer) who adds an oxygenate compound to fuel in any otherwise allowable amount is not thereby considered a fuel manufacturer.

(e) Additive means any substance, other than one composed solely of carbon and/or hydrogen, that is intentionally added to a fuel named in the designation (including any added to a motor vehicle's fuel system) and that is not intentionally removed prior to sale or use.

(f) Additive manufacturer means any person who produces, manufactures, or imports an additive for use as an additive and/or sells or imports for sale such additive under the person's own name.

(g) Range of concentration means the highest concentration, the lowest concentration, and the average concentration of an additive in a fuel.

(h) Chemical composition means the name and percentage by weight of each compound in an additive and the name and percentage by weight of each element in an additive.

(i) Chemical structure means the molecular structure of a compound in an additive.

(j) Impurity means any chemical element present in an additive that is not included in the chemical formula or identified in the breakdown by element in the chemical composition of such additive.

(k) Oxygenate compound means an oxygen-containing, ashless organic compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as a fuel or fuel additive.

The availability to the public of information provided to, or otherwise obtained by, the Administrator under this part shall be governed by part 2 of this chapter except as expressly noted in subpart F of this part.

(a) Fuels. (1) No manufacturer of any fuel designated under this part shall, after the date prescribed for such fuel in this part, sell, offer for sale, or introduce into commerce such fuel unless the Administrator has registered such fuel.

(2) No manufacturer of a registered fuel shall add or direct the addition to it of an additive which he has not previously reported unless he has notified the Administrator of such intended use, including the expected or estimated range of concentration. If necessary to meet an unforeseen production problem, however, a fuel manufacturer may use an additive that he has not previously reported provided that (i) the additive is on the current list of registered additives and (ii) the fuel manufacturer notifies the Administrator within 30 days regarding such unforeseen use and his plans regarding continued use, including the expected or estimated range of concentration.

(3) Any designated fuel that is (i) in a research, development, or test status; (ii) sold to automobile, engine, or component manufacturers for research, development, or test purposes; or (iii) sold to automobile manufacturers for factory fill, and is not in any case offered for commercial sale to the public, shall be exempt from registration.

(4) A domestic fuel manufacturer may purchase and offer for commercial sale foreign-produced fuel containing unidentified additives provided that within 30 days of his offer for sale he notifies the Administrator of the purchase, the source of purchase, the quantity purchased, and summarized results of any tests performed to determine the acceptability of the purchased fuel to the fuel manufacturer.

(b) Additives. (1) No manufacturer of any fuel additive designated under this part shall, after the date by which the additive must be registered under this part, sell, offer for sale, or introduce into commerce such additive for use in any type of fuel designated under this part unless the Administrator has registered that additive for use in that type of fuel.

(2) Any designated additive that is either (i) in a research, development, or test status or (ii) sold to petroleum, automobile, engine, or component manufacturers for research, development, or test purposes, and in either case is not offered for commercial sale to the public, shall be exempt from registration.

(3) Process chemicals used by refineries during the refinery process are exempted from the requirement for registration.

(4) If an additive manufacturer prepares for sale only to fuel manufacturers (i) a blend or mixture of two or more registered additives or (ii) a blend or mixture of one or more registered additives with one or more substances containing only carbon and/or hydrogen, he will not be required to register such blend or mixture provided he will, upon request, furnish the Administrator with the names and percentages by weight of all components of such blend or mixture.

(a) Fuel manufacturers. (1) For each calendar year (January 1 through December 31) commencing after the date prescribed for any fuel in subpart D of this part, fuel manufacturers must submit to the Administrator a report for each registered fuel showing the range of concentration of each additive reported under § 79.11(a) and the volume of such fuel produced in the year. Reports must be submitted by March 31 for the preceding year, or part thereof, on forms supplied by the Administrator. If the date prescribed for a particular fuel in subpart D of this part, or the later registration of a fuel is between October 1 and December 31, no report will be required for the period to the end of that year.

(2) Fuel manufacturers shall submit to the Administrator a report annually for each registered fuel providing additional data and information as specified in §§ 79.32(c) and (d) and 79.33(c) and (d) in the designation of the fuel in subpart D of this part. Reports shall be submitted by March 31 for the preceding year, or part thereof, on forms supplied by the Administrator upon request. If the date prescribed for a particular fuel in subpart D of this part, or the later registration of a fuel is between October 1 and December 31, no report will be required for the period to the end of that year.

(b) Additive manufacturers. Additive manufacturers shall submit to the Administrator a report annually for each registered additive providing additional data and information as specified in § 79.31(c) and (d) in the designation of the additive in subpart D of this part. Additive manufacturers shall also report annually the volume of each additive produced. Reports shall be submitted by March 31 for the preceding year, or part thereof, on forms supplied by the Administrator upon request. If the date prescribed for a particular additive in subpart D of this part, or the later registration of an additive is between October 1 and December 31, no report will be required for the period to the end of that year. These periodic reports shall not, however, be required for any additive that is:

(1) An additive registered under another name,

(2) A blend or mixture of two or more registered additives, or

(3) A blend or mixture of one or more registered additives with one or more substances containing only carbon and/or hydrogen.

Provisions regarding testing that is required for registration of a designated fuel or fuel additive are contained in subpart F of this part.

When the Administrator requires for test purposes a fuel or additive which is not readily available in the open market, he may request the manufacturer of such fuel or additive to furnish a sample in a reasonable quantity. The fuel or additive manufacturer shall comply with such request within 30 days.

Any person who violates section 211(a) of the Act or who fails to furnish any information or conduct any tests required under this part shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty of not more than the sum of $25,000 for every day of such violation and the amount of economic benefit or savings resulting from the violation. Civil penalties shall be assessed in accordance with paragraphs (b) and (c) of section 205 of the Act. The civil monetary penalty amount listed in this section may not reflect recent inflation adjustments EPA is required to make. The current maximum and minimum statutory civil penalty amounts are located in § 19.4.