This subpart establishes national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for primary copper smelters. This subpart also establishes requirements to demonstrate initial and continuous compliance with all applicable emission limitations, work practice standards, design standards, and operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart.

You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a primary copper smelter that is (or is part of) a major source of hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions on the first compliance date that applies to you (see § 63.1443). Your primary copper smelter is a major source of HAP if it emits or has the potential to emit any single HAP at the rate of 10 tons or more per year or any combination of HAP at a rate of 25 tons or more per year.

(a) This subpart applies to each new and existing affected source at your primary copper smelter. The affected sources are each copper concentrate dryer, each smelting vessel, each slag cleaning vessel, each copper converter department, each anode refining department, process fugitive emission sources (i.e., roofline vents) from smelting vessels, slag cleaning vessels, copper converter department and anode refining department, each bypass stack, and the entire group of fugitive dust sources, as defined in § 63.1459.

(b) The following affected sources: each copper concentrate dryer, each smelting vessel, each slag cleaning vessel, each copper converter department, and the entire group of fugitive dust sources at your primary copper smelter are existing if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the affected source before April 20, 1998.

(c) The following affected sources: each copper concentrate dryer, each smelting vessel, each slag cleaning vessel, each copper converter department and the entire group of fugitive dust sources at your primary copper smelter are new if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the affected source on or after April 20, 1998. An affected source is reconstructed if it meets the definition of “reconstruction” in § 63.2.

(d) The following affected sources: each anode refining department and process fugitive emission sources (i.e., roofline vents) from smelting vessels, slag cleaning vessels, copper converter department and anode refining department are existing if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the affected source before January 11, 2022.

(e) The following affected sources: each anode refining department and process fugitive emission sources (i.e., roofline vents) from smelting vessels, slag cleaning vessels, copper converter department and anode refining department at your primary copper smelter are new if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the affected source on or after January 11, 2022. An affected source is reconstructed if it meets the definition of “reconstruction” in § 63.2.

(f) The bypass stack is existing if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the affected source before July 24, 2023.

(g) The bypass stack is new if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the affected source on or after July 24, 2023. An affected source is reconstructed if it meets the definition of “reconstruction” in § 63.2.

(a) If you have an existing affected source, you must comply with each emission limitation, work practice standard, design standard, and operation and maintenance requirement in this subpart that applies to you no later than June 13, 2005, except as specified in table 4 to this subpart.

(b) If you have a new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before June 12, 2002, you must comply with each emission limitation, work practice standard, design standard, and operation and maintenance requirement in this subpart that applies to you by June 12, 2002, except as specified in table 4 to this subpart.

(c) If you have a new affected source and its initial startup date is after June 12, 2002, you must comply with each emission limitation, work practice standard, design standard, and operation and maintenance requirement in this subpart that applies to you upon initial startup, except as specified in in table 4 to this subpart.

(d) If your primary copper smelter is an area source that becomes a major source of HAP (see § 63.1441), the compliance dates listed in paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section apply to you.

(1) Any portion of the existing primary copper smelter that is a new affected source or a new reconstructed source must be in compliance with this subpart upon startup.

(2) All other parts of the primary copper smelter must be in compliance with this subpart no later than 3 years after it becomes a major source (see § 63.1441).

(e) You must meet the notification and schedule requirements in § 63.1454. Several of these notifications must be submitted before the compliance date for your affected source.

(a) Copper concentrate dryers. For each copper concentrate dryer, you must comply with the emission limitation in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section that applies to you.

(1) For each existing copper concentrate dryer, you must not cause to be discharged to the atmosphere from the dryer vent any gases that contain filterable particulate matter in excess of 50 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (mg/dscm) as measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(a).

(2) For each new copper concentrate dryer, you must not cause to be discharged to the atmosphere from the dryer vent any gases that contain filterable particulate matter in excess of 23 mg/dscm as measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(a).

(b) Smelting vessels. For each smelting vessel, you must comply with the emission limitations and work practice standards in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) For each smelting vessel, you must not cause to be discharged to the atmosphere any process off-gas that contains nonsulfuric acid particulate matter in excess of 6.2 mg/dscm as measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(b). Process off-gas from a smelting vessel is generated when copper ore concentrates and fluxes are being smelted to form molten copper matte and slag layers.

(2) For each smelting vessel, you must control the process fugitive emissions released when tapping copper matte or slag from the smelting vessel according to paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section.

(i) At all times when copper matte or slag is tapped from the smelting vessel, you must operate a capture system that collects the gases and fumes released from the tapping port in use. The design and placement of this capture system must be such that the tapping port opening, launder, and receiving vessel (e.g., ladle, slag pot) are positioned within the confines or influence of the capture system's ventilation draft during those times when the copper matte or slag is flowing from the tapping port opening.

(ii) You must not cause to be discharged to the atmosphere from the capture system used to comply with paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section any gases that contain filterable particulate matter in excess of 23 mg/dscm as measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(a).

(c) Slag cleaning vessels. For each slag cleaning vessel, you must comply with the emission limitations and work practice standards in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section that apply to you.

(1) For each slag cleaning vessel, except as provided for in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, you must not cause to be discharged to the atmosphere any process off-gas that contains nonsulfuric acid particulate matter in excess of 6.2 mg/dscm as measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(b).

(2) As an alternative to complying with the emission limit for nonsulfuric acid particulate matter in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, for each existing slag cleaning vessel you may choose to comply with the emission limit for filterable particulate matter specified in this paragraph (c)(2). You must not cause to be discharged to the atmosphere any process off-gas that contains filterable particulate matter in excess of 46 mg/dscm as measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(a).

(3) For each slag cleaning vessel, you must control process fugitive emissions released when tapping copper matte or slag from the slag cleaning vessel according to paragraphs (c)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section.

(i) At all times when copper matte or slag is tapped from the slag cleaning vessel, you must operate a capture system that collects the gases and fumes released from the tapping port in use. The design and placement of this capture system must be such that the tapping port opening, launder, and receiving vessel (e.g., ladle, slag pot) are positioned within the confines or influence of the capture system's ventilation draft during those times when the copper matte or slag is flowing from the tapping port opening.

(ii) You must not cause to be discharged to the atmosphere from the capture system used to comply with paragraph (c)(3)(i) of this section any gases that contain filterable particulate matter in excess of 23 mg/dscm as measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(a).

(d) Existing copper converter departments. For each existing copper converter department, you must comply with the emission limitations and work practice standards in paragraphs (d)(1) through (6) of this section that apply to you.

(1) You must operate a capture system that collects the process off gas vented from each batch copper converter. At all times when one or more batch copper converters are blowing, you must operate the capture system according to the written operation and maintenance plan that has been prepared according to the requirements in § 63.1447(b).

(2) If your copper converter department uses Peirce-Smith converters, the capture system design must include use of a primary hood that covers the entire mouth of the converter vessel when the copper converter is positioned for blowing. Additional hoods (e.g., secondary hoods) or other capture devices must be included in the capture system design as needed to achieve the opacity limit in paragraph (d)(4) of this section. The capture system design may use multiple intake and duct segments through which the ventilation rates are controlled independently of each other, and individual duct segments may be connected to separate control devices.

(3) If your copper converter department uses Hoboken converters, the capture system must collect all process off-gas vented during blowing through the side-flue intake on each converter vessel.

(4) You must operate the capture system such that any visible emissions exiting the roof monitors or roof exhaust fans on the building housing the copper converter department meet the opacity limit as specified in paragraphs (d)(4)(i) and (ii) of this section.

(i) The opacity of any visible emissions exiting the roof monitors or roof exhaust fans on the building housing the copper converter department must not exceed 4 percent as determined by a performance test conducted according to § 63.1450(c).

(ii) The opacity limit in paragraph (d)(4)(i) of this section applies only at those times when a performance test is conducted according to § 63.1450(c). The requirements for compliance with opacity and visible emission standards specified in § 63.6(h) do not apply to this opacity limit.

(5) You must not cause to be discharged to the atmosphere from any Peirce-Smith converter primary hood capture system or Hoboken converter side-flue intake capture system any process off-gas that contains nonsulfuric acid particulate matter in excess of 6.2 mg/dscm as measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(b).

(6) You must not cause to be discharged to the atmosphere from any secondary capture system any gases that contain filterable particulate matter in excess of 23 mg/dscm as measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(a).

(e) New copper converter departments. For each new copper converter department for which construction commenced on or after April 20, 1998, the use of batch copper converters is prohibited. For each new copper converter department which will contain a copper converter other than a batch converter (such as a continuous converter), you must comply with the emission limitation and work practice standards in paragraphs (e)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) You must not cause to be discharged to the atmosphere from any combination of stacks or other vents any captured process off-gas that contains filterable particulate matter greater than a daily (24-hour) average of 0.031 pounds of particulate matter per ton of copper concentrate feed charged to the smelting vessel as measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(a).

(2) You must operate a capture system that collects the gases and fumes released from converting vessels and conveys the collected gas stream to a control device.

(f) New and existing anode refining departments. Except as provided in paragraph (f)(1) of this section, for each new and existing anode refining department, you must comply with the emission limitation and work practice standards in paragraphs (f)(2) and (3) of this section.

(1) If the anode refining department process exhaust gases are combined with the Hoboken converter process fugitive capture system, you must demonstrate compliance with the emission limitation and work practice standards in paragraph (g) of this section.

(2) For each new and existing anode refining department, you must not discharge to the atmosphere captured process exhaust gases from the anode refining furnaces containing filterable particulate matter emissions in excess of 5.8 mg/dscm as measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(a).

(3) You must operate a capture system that collects the process off-gases and fumes released from the anode refining department and convey the collected gas stream to a control device.

(g) Existing combined anode refining department and Hoboken converter process fugitive capture system. For each new and existing anode refining department and Hoboken converter process fugitive capture system, you must comply with the emission limitation and work practice standards in paragraphs (g)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) You must not discharge to the atmosphere gases from the combination of the anode refining department and Hoboken converter process fugitive capture system filterable particulate matter emissions in excess of 4.1 mg/dscm as measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(a).

(2) You must operate a Hoboken converter process fugitive capture system that collects the process off-gases and fumes released from the copper converter department.

(3) You must operate a capture system that collects the process off-gases and fumes released from the anode refining department and convey the collected gas stream to a control device.

(h) New and existing sources of process fugitive gases from the roofline vents associated with the smelting vessels, the slag cleaning vessels, copper converter department, and the anode refining department. You must not discharge to the atmosphere process fugitive gases from any combination of new and existing roofline vents associated with the smelting vessels, slag cleaning vessels, copper converter departments and the anode refining departments containing filterable particulate matter emissions in excess of 6.3 lb/hr as measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(e).

(i) Baghouses. For each baghouse applied to meet any filterable particulate matter emission limit in paragraphs (a) through (h) of this section, you must operate the baghouse such that the bag leak detection system does not alarm for more than 5 percent of the total operating time in any semiannual reporting period.

(j) Venturi wet scrubbers. For each venturi wet scrubber applied to meet any filterable particulate matter emission limit in paragraphs (a) through (h) of this section, you must comply with the site-specific operating limit(s) of maintaining the hourly average pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate established during the initial or subsequent performance test in accordance with § 63.1450(a)(4).

(k) Other control devices. For each control device other than a baghouse or venturi wet scrubber applied to meet any filterable particulate matter emission limit in paragraphs (a) through (h) of this section, you must operate the control device as specified in paragraphs (k)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) You must select one or more operating parameters, as appropriate for the control device design, that can be used as representative and reliable indicators of the control device operation.

(2) You must maintain the hourly average value for each of the selected parameters at or above the minimum level or at or below the maximum level, as appropriate for the selected parameter, established during the initial or subsequent performance test in accordance with § 63.1450(a)(5).

(l) Existing source mercury emissions. You must not discharge exhaust gases to the atmosphere through any combination of stacks or other vents from copper concentrate dryers, copper converter department, the anode refining department, slag cleaning vessel and smelting vessels containing mercury emissions in excess of 0.033 lb/hr for existing sources as measured by the test methods in § 63.1450(d).

(m) New source mercury emissions. You must not discharge exhaust gases to the atmosphere through any combination of stacks or other vents from the copper concentrate dryers, copper converter department, the anode refining department, slag cleaning vessel and smelting vessels containing mercury emissions in excess of 0.00097 lb/hr for new sources as measured by the test methods in § 63.1450(d).

(n) Control devices for mercury. For each control device applied to meet the mercury emission limit in paragraph (l) or (m) of this section, you must operate the control device as specified in paragraphs (n)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) You must select one or more operating parameters, as appropriate for the control device design, that can be used as representative and reliable indicators of the control device operation.

(2) You must maintain the hourly average value for each of the selected parameters at or above the minimum level or at or below the maximum level, as appropriate for the selected parameter, established during the initial or subsequent performance test in accordance with § 63.1450(d)(3).

(o) New and existing sources of benzene, toluene, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons excluding naphthalene, naphthalene, and dioxins/furans emissions. You must not discharge exhaust gases to the atmosphere through any combination of stacks or other vents from the copper concentrate dryers, copper converter department, the anode refining department, slag cleaning vessels and the smelting vessels in excess the emission limits in table 2 to this subpart as measured by the test methods in § 63.1450(f).

(p) Existing sources of process fugitive gases from the combination of roofline vents associated with the Peirce-Smith converter department, Inco flash furnace, and anode refining department. For any combination of new and existing roofline vents associated with the Peirce-Smith converter department, Inco flash furnace, and anode refining department, you must comply with the emission limitation and design standards in paragraph (p)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) Roofline emission limit for the Peirce-Smith converter department, Inco flash furnace, and anode refining department. You must not discharge to the atmosphere process fugitive gases from any combination of existing roofline vents associated with the Peirce-Smith copper converter department, Inco flash furnace, and the anode refining department containing lead emissions in excess of 0.326 lb/hr as measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(g).

(2) Design standards for the Peirce-Smith converter department, Inco flash furnace, and anode refining department. You must comply with design standards in paragraphs (p)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section at all times when the primary copper smelter is operating, except as provided herein.

(i) Flash furnace area capture system. Operate hooding and interceptor walls with a design evacuation rate of at least 50,000 cfm hourly average to capture fugitive emissions from the flash furnace area, matte tapping and slag skimming areas, and route emissions to a control device whenever the flash furnace is in operation except for brief periods when slag is being returned to the flash furnace using the slag return launder.

(ii) Fuming ladle capture system. Operate hood and interceptor walls with a design evacuation rate of at least 40,000 cfm to capture fugitive emissions from fuming ladles in the converter aisle and material transfer areas, and route emissions to a control device whenever a fuming ladle is detected.

(iii) Anode furnace secondary hood capture and control system. Operate a secondary hood around each in-use anode furnace to capture process fugitive emissions and route emissions to a control device. The design evacuation rate for the total system of all anode furnace secondary hoods shall be at least 150,000 cfm hourly average.

(q) Bypass stack work practice standards. When using the bypass stack for planned maintenance of control devices and processes, the work practice standard is applicable for the bypass stack for the duration of the planned maintenance. You must comply with work practice standards in paragraphs (q)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) In the case of planned control device or process maintenance, feed to the smelting vessel must cease; power to the electric furnace must be lowered, and a crust allowed to form on the surface of the slag; the operation of the converters must cease and the converters rolled out; and the operation of the anode vessels must cease.

(2) If the fan to the anode refining point source baghouse is functioning, then the residual process gases must be redirected to the control device. If the process gas from a device being maintenanced can be rerouted to a different control device instead of the bypass stack, it must be redirected to the control device. Control devices must be used until emissions are minimized.

(3) If there is a shutdown or emergency shutdown event, the control devices should continue to run until process emissions cease. If the control devices are shut down before the process emissions cease and the bypass stack is used to vent the process gas to the atmosphere, there will be a violation of the emission and work practice standards.

(a) You must control particulate matter emissions from fugitive dust sources at your primary copper smelter by operating according to a written fugitive dust control plan that has been approved by the Administrator or approved authority under 40 CFR part 70 or 71. For the purpose of complying with this paragraph (a) you must submit a fugitive dust control plan which addresses the fugitive dust sources specified in paragraph (b) of this section and includes the information specified in paragraph (c) of this section on the schedule provided in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section.

(b) Before November 12, 2024, your fugitive dust control plan must address each of the fugitive dust emission sources listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (6), except paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (ii), of this section that are located at your primary copper smelter. On or after November 12, 2024, your fugitive dust control plan must address each of the fugitive dust emission sources listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (7) of this section that are located at your primary copper smelter.

(1) On-site roadways used by trucks or other motor vehicles (e.g., front-end loaders) when transporting bulk quantities of fugitive dust materials. Paved roads and parking areas that are not used by these vehicles do not need to be included in the plan (e.g., employee and visitor parking lots).

(i) You must conduct routine cleaning of paved roads with a sweeper, vacuum or wet broom (in accordance with applicable recommendations by the manufacturer of the street sweeper, vacuum, or wet broom), with such cleaning to occur no less frequently than on a daily basis unless the roads have sufficient surface moisture such that fugitive dust is not generated.

(ii) Chemical dust suppressants will be applied not less frequently than once per month at slag haul roads and not less frequently than every 6 weeks on all other unpaved roads unless the roads have sufficient surface moisture such that fugitive dust is not generated.

(2) Unloading of fugitive dust materials from trucks or railcars.

(3) Outdoor piles used for storage of fugitive dust materials.

(4) Bedding areas used for blending copper concentrate and other feed constituents.

(5) Each transfer point in conveying systems used to transport fugitive dust materials. These points include, but are not limited to, transfer of material from one conveyor belt to another and transfer of material to a hopper or bin.

(6) Other site-specific sources of fugitive dust emissions that the Administrator or delegated authority under 40 CFR part 70 or 71 designate to be included in your fugitive dust control plan.

(7) The cargo compartment of all trucks or other motor vehicles (e.g., front-end loaders) when transporting bulk quantities of fugitive dust materials must be maintained to ensure:

(i) The floor, sides, and/or tailgate(s) are free of holes or other openings.

(ii) All loads of trucks containing copper concentrate arriving at the facility are covered with a tarp to prevent spills and fugitive emissions.

(iii) Trucks are loaded only to such a level as to prevent spillage over the side.

(iv) A speed limit of 15 mph is required.

(v) All dust producing material internally transferred or moved by truck at the facility is covered with a tarp to prevent spills and fugitive emissions.

(c) Your fugitive dust control plan must describe the control measures you use to control fugitive dust emissions from each source addressed in the plan, as applicable and appropriate for your site conditions. Examples of control measures include, but are not limited to, locating the source inside a building or other enclosure, installing and operating a local hood capture system over the source and venting the captured gas stream to a control device, placing material stockpiles below grade, installing wind screens or wind fences around the source, spraying water on the source as weather conditions require, applying appropriate dust suppression agents on the source, or combinations of these control measures.

(d) The requirement for you to operate according to a written fugitive dust control plan must be incorporated in your operating permit that is issued by the approved authority under 40 CFR part 70 or 71. A copy of your fugitive dust control plan must be sent to the approved authority under 40 CFR part 70 or 71 on or before the compliance date for your primary copper smelter, as specified in § 63.1443 or paragraph (b) of this section.

(e) For any element of the fugitive dust control plan that requires new construction at the facility, the owner or operator shall complete such construction, in accordance with the specifications and schedule set forth in the approved fugitive dust control plan.

(f) The fugitive dust control plan must be reviewed, updated (if necessary), and then submitted to the approved permitting authority under 40 CFR part 70 or 71 with each application for the title V operating permit renewal and with each permit application for the construction or modification of lead-bearing fugitive dust generating sources. On or after November 12, 2024, the owner or operator must submit a copy fugitive dust plan in PDF format to the EPA via Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI), which can be accessed through EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) (https://cdx.epa.gov) following the procedure specified in §§ 63.1455(e) and 63.9(k).

(a) For situations where you combine gas streams from two or more affected sources for discharge to the atmosphere through a single vent, you may choose to meet the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section as an alternative to complying with the individual filterable particulate matter emission limits specified in § 63.1444 that apply to you. This alternative emission limit for a combined gas stream may be used for any combination of the affected source gas steams specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section.

(1) Gas stream discharged from a copper concentrate dryer vent that would otherwise be subject to § 63.1444(a)(1) or (2);

(2) Gas stream discharged from a smelting vessel capture system that would otherwise be subject to § 63.1444(b)(2)(ii);

(3) Process off-gas stream discharged from a slag cleaning vessel that would otherwise be subject to § 63.1444(c)(2);

(4) Gas stream discharged from a slag cleaning vessel capture system that would otherwise be subject to § 63.1444(c)(3)(ii);

(5) Gas stream discharged from an existing batch copper converter secondary capture system that would otherwise be subject to § 63.1444(d)(6); and

(6) Gas stream discharged from anode refining departments that would otherwise be subject to § 63.1444(f)(2).

(b) You must meet the requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section for the combined gas stream discharged through a single vent.

(1) For each combined gas stream discharged through a single vent, you must not cause to be discharged to the atmosphere any gases that contain filterable particulate matter in excess of the emission limit calculated using the procedure in paragraph (b)(2) of this section and measured using the test methods specified in § 63.1450(a).

(2) You must calculate the alternative filterable particulate matter emission limit for your combined gas stream using equation 1 to this paragraph (b)(2). The volumetric flow rate value for each of the individual affected source gas streams that you use for equation 1 (i.e., the flow rate of the gas stream discharged from the affected source but before this gas stream is combined with the other gas streams) is to be the average of the volumetric flow rates measured using the test method specified in § 63.1450(a)(1)(ii):

(c) For each baghouse applied to meet any filterable particulate matter emission limit in paragraph (b) of this section, you must operate the baghouse such that the bag leak detection system does not alarm for more than 5 percent of the total operating time in any semiannual reporting period.

(d) For each venturi wet scrubber applied to meet any filterable particulate matter emission limit in paragraph (b) of this section, you must maintain the hourly average pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate at or above the minimum levels established during the initial or subsequent performance test in accordance with § 63.1450(a)(4).

(e) For each control device other than a baghouse or venturi wet scrubber applied to meet any filterable particulate matter emission limit in paragraph (b) of this section, you must operate the control device as specified in paragraphs (e)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) You must select one or more operating parameters, as appropriate for the control device design, that can be used as representative and reliable indicators of the control device operation.

(2) You must maintain the hourly average value for each of the selected parameters at or above the minimum level or at or below the maximum level, as appropriate for the selected parameter, established during the initial or subsequent performance test in accordance with § 63.1450(a)(5).

(a) Before November 12, 2024, as required by § 63.6(e)(1)(i), you must always operate and maintain your affected source, including air pollution control and monitoring equipment, in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practices for minimizing emissions at least to the levels required by this subpart. On or after November 12, 2024, at all times, you must maintain and operate any affected source, including associated air pollution control equipment and monitoring equipment, in a manner consistent with safety and good air pollution control practices for minimizing emissions. The general duty to minimize emissions does not require the owner or operator to make any further efforts to reduce emissions if levels required by the applicable standard have been achieved. Determination of whether a source is operating in compliance with operation and maintenance requirements will be based on information available to the Administrator which may include, but is not limited to, monitoring results, review of operation and maintenance procedures, review of operation and maintenance records, and inspection of the source.

(b) You must prepare and operate at all times according to a written operation and maintenance plan for each capture system and control device subject to standards in § 63.1444 or § 63.1446. The plan must address the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section as applicable to the capture system or control device.

(1) Preventative maintenance. You must perform preventative maintenance for each capture system and control device according to written procedures specified in your operation and maintenance plan. The procedures must include a preventative maintenance schedule that is consistent with the manufacturer's instructions for routine and long-term maintenance.

(2) Capture system inspections. You must conduct monthly inspections of the equipment components of the capture system that can affect the performance of the system to collect the gases and fumes emitted from the affected source (e.g., hoods, exposed ductwork, dampers, fans) according to written procedures specified in your operation and maintenance plan. The inspection procedure must include the requirements in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section as applicable to the capture system or control device.

(i) Observations of the physical appearance of the equipment to confirm the physical integrity of the equipment (e.g., verify by visual inspection no holes in ductwork or hoods, no flow constrictions caused by dents, or accumulated dust in ductwork).

(ii) Inspection, and if necessary testing, of equipment components to confirm that the component is operating as intended (e.g., verify by appropriate measures that flow or pressure sensors, damper plates, automated damper switches and motors are operating according to manufacture or engineering design specifications).

(iii) In the event that a defective or damaged component is detected during an inspection, you must initiate corrective action according to written procedures specified in your operation and maintenance plan to correct the defect or deficiency as soon as practicable.

(3) Copper converter department capture system operating limits. You must establish, according to the requirements in paragraph (b)(3)(i) through (iii) of this section, operating limits for the capture system that are representative and reliable indicators of the performance of capture system when it is used to collect the process off-gas vented from batch copper converters during blowing.

(i) Select operating limit parameters appropriate for the capture system design that are representative and reliable indicators of the performance of the capture system when it is used to collect the process off-gas vented from batch copper converters during blowing. At a minimum, you must use appropriate operating limit parameters that indicate the level of the ventilation draft and the damper position settings for the capture system when operating to collect the process off-gas from the batch copper converters during blowing. Appropriate operating limit parameters for ventilation draft include, but are not limited to, volumetric flow rate through each separately ducted hood, total volumetric flow rate at the inlet to control device to which the capture system is vented, fan motor amperage, or static pressure. Any parameter for damper position setting may be used that indicates the duct damper position relative to the fully open setting.

(ii) For each operating limit parameter selected in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section, designate the value or setting for the parameter at which the capture system operates during batch copper converter blowing. If your blister copper production operations allow for more than one batch copper converter to be operating simultaneously in the blowing mode, designate the value or setting for the parameter at which the capture system operates during each possible batch copper converter blowing configuration that you may operate at your smelter (i.e., the operating limits with one converter blowing, with two converters blowing, with three converters blowing, as applicable to your smelter).

(iii) Include documentation in the plan to support your selection of the operating limits established for the capture system. This documentation must include a description of the capture system design, a description of the capture system operation during blister copper production, a description of each selected operating limit parameter, a rationale for why you chose the parameter, a description of the method used to monitor the parameter according to the requirements in § 63.1452(a), and the data used to set the value or setting for the parameter for each of your batch copper converter configurations.

(4) Baghouse leak detection corrective actions. In the event a bag leak detection system alarm is triggered, you must initiate corrective action according to written procedures specified in your operation and maintenance plan to determine the cause of the alarm within 1 hour of the alarm, initiate corrective action to correct the cause of the problem within 24 hours of the alarm, and complete the corrective action as soon as practicable. Corrective actions may include, but are not limited to, the activities listed in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) through (vi) of this section.

(i) Inspecting the baghouse for air leaks, torn or broken bags or filter media, or any other condition that may cause an increase in emissions.

(ii) Sealing off defective bags or filter media.

(iii) Replacing defective bags or filter media or otherwise repairing the control device.

(iv) Sealing off a defective baghouse compartment.

(v) Cleaning the bag leak detection system probe, or otherwise repair the bag leak detection system.

(vi) Shutting down the process producing the particulate emissions.

(a) Before November 12, 2024, you must be in compliance with the emission limitations, work practice standards, and operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart at all times, except during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction as defined in § 63.2. On or after November 12, 2024, you must be in compliance with the emission limitations, work practice standards, design standards, and operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart at all times.

(b) During the period between the compliance date specified for your affected source in § 63.1443, and the date upon which continuous monitoring systems have been installed and certified and any applicable operating limits have been set, you must maintain a log detailing the operation and maintenance of the process and emissions control equipment.

(c) Before November 12, 2024, you must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(3). For affected sources, a startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan is not required on or after November 12, 2024.

(a) As required in § 63.7(a)(2), you must conduct a performance test within 180 calendar days of the compliance date that is specified in § 63.1443 for your affected source to demonstrate initial compliance with each emission and opacity limit in §§ 63.1444 and 63.1446 that applies to you.

(b) For each work practice standard and operation and maintenance requirement that applies to you where initial compliance is not demonstrated using a performance test or opacity observation, you must demonstrate initial compliance within 30 calendar days after the compliance date that is specified for your affected source in § 63.1443.

(a) Filterable particulate matter emission limits. Before November 12, 2024, you must conduct each performance test to determine compliance with the filterable particulate matter emission limits in § 63.1444 or § 63.1446 that apply to you according to the requirements for representative test conditions specified in § 63.7(e)(1) and using the test methods and procedures in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section. On or after November 12, 2024, you must conduct each performance test to determine compliance with the filterable particulate matter emission limits in § 63.1444 or § 63.1446 that apply to you according to the requirements for representative test conditions specified in paragraph (a)(6) of this section and using the test methods and procedures in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section.

(1) Determine the concentration of filterable particulate matter according to the test methods in appendices A-1 through A-8 to 40 CFR part 60 as specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.

(i) Method 1 to select sampling port locations and the number of traverse points. Sampling ports must be located at the outlet of the control device and prior to any releases to the atmosphere.

(ii) Method 2, 2F, or 2G to determine the volumetric flow rate of the stack gas.

(iii) Method 3, 3A, or 3B to determine the dry molecular weight of the stack gas. The ANSI/ASME PTC 19-10-1981 Part 10 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 3B manual portion only but not the instrumental portion.

(iv) Method 4 to determine the moisture content of the stack gas.

(v) Method 5, 5D, or 17, as applicable, to determine the concentration of filterable particulate matter.

(2) As an alternative to using the applicable method specified in paragraph (a)(1)(v) of this section, you may determine filterable particulate matter emissions from the control device using Method 29 in appendix A-8 to 40 CFR part 60 provided that you follow the procedures and precautions prescribed in Method 29. If the control device is a positive pressure baghouse, you must also follow the measurement procedure specified in sections 8.1 through 8.3 of Method 5D in appendix A-3 to 40 CFR part 60.

(3) You must conduct three separate test runs for each performance test. Each test run must have a minimum sampling time of 60 minutes and a minimum sampling volume of 0.85 dscm. For the purpose of determining compliance with the applicable filterable particulate matter emission limit, the arithmetic mean of the results for the three separate test runs is used.

(4) For a venturi wet scrubber applied to emissions from an affected source and subject to emission limits and work practice standards in § 63.1444(j) or § 63.1446(d) for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate, you must establish site-specific operating limits according to the procedures in paragraphs (a)(4)(i) and (ii) of this section.

(i) Using the continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) required in § 63.1452, measure and record the pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate during each run of the particulate matter performance test.

(ii) Compute and record the hourly average pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate for each individual test run. Your operating limits are the lowest average pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate value in any of the three runs that meet the applicable emission limit.

(5) For a control device other than a baghouse or venturi wet scrubber applied to emissions from an affected source and subject to work practice standards and emission limit(s) in § 63.1444(k) or § 63.1446(e) for appropriate, site-specific operating parameters that are representative and reliable indicators of the control device performance, you must establish a site-specific operating limit(s) according to the procedures in paragraphs (a)(5)(i) through (iv) of this section.

(i) Select one or more operating parameters, as appropriate for the control device design, that can be used as representative and reliable indicators of the control device operation.

(ii) Using the CPMS required in § 63.1452, measure and record the selected operating parameters for the control device during each run of the filterable particulate matter performance test.

(iii) Compute and record the hourly average value for each of the selected operating parameters for each individual test run. Your operating limits are the lowest value or the highest value, as appropriate for the selected operating parameter, measured in any of the three runs that meet the applicable emission limit.

(iv) You must prepare written documentation to support your selection of the operating parameters used for the control device. This documentation must include a description of each selected parameter, a rationale for why you chose the parameter, a description of the method used to monitor the parameter, and the data recorded during the performance test and used to set the operating limit(s).

(6) You must conduct each performance test that applies to your affected source under normal operating conditions of the affected source. The owner or operator may not conduct performance tests during periods of malfunction. The use of the bypass stack during a performance test of the process shall invalidate the performance test. The owner or operator must record the process information that is necessary to document operating conditions during the test and include in such record an explanation to support that such conditions represent the entire range of normal operation, including operational conditions for maximum emissions if such emissions are not expected during maximum production. The owner or operator shall make available to the Administrator such records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.

(b) Nonsulfuric acid particulate matter emission limits. Before November 12, 2024, you must conduct each performance test to determine compliance with the nonsulfuric acid particulate matter emission limits in § 63.1444 that apply to you according to the requirements for representative test conditions specified in § 63.7(e)(1) and using the test methods and procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section. On or after November 12, 2024, you must conduct each performance test to determine compliance with the nonsulfuric acid particulate matter emission limits in § 63.1444 that apply to you according to the requirements for representative test conditions specified in paragraph (b)(4) of this section and using the test methods and procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) Determine the concentration of nonsulfuric acid particulate matter according to the test methods in appendices A-1 through A-8 to 40 CFR part 60 as specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.

(i) Method 1 to select sampling port locations and the number of traverse points. Sampling ports must be located at the outlet of the control device and prior to any releases to the atmosphere.

(ii) Method 2, 2F, or 2G to determine the volumetric flow rate of the stack gas.

(iii) Method 3, 3A, or 3B to determine the dry molecular weight of the stack gas. The ANSI/ASME PTC 19-10-1981 Part 10 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 3B manual portion only but not the instrumental portion.

(iv) Method 4 to determine the moisture content of the stack gas.

(v) Method 5B to determine the nonsulfuric acid particulate matter emissions.

(2) You must conduct three separate test runs for each performance test. Each test run must have a minimum sampling time of 240 minutes and a minimum sampling volume of 3.4 dscm. For the purpose of determining compliance with the nonsulfuric acid particulate matter emission limit, the arithmetic mean of the results for the three separate test runs is used.

(3) For a control device applied to emissions from an affected source and subject to work practice standards and emission limit(s) in § 63.1444(i), (j), or (k) or § 63.1446(e) for appropriate, site-specific operating parameters that are representative and reliable indicators of the control device performance, you must establish a site-specific operating limit(s) according to the procedures in paragraphs (a)(5)(i) through (iv) of this section.

(4) You must conduct each performance test that applies to your affected source under normal operating conditions of the affected source. The owner or operator may not conduct performance tests during periods of malfunction. The use of the bypass stack during a performance test of the process shall invalidate the performance test. The owner or operator must record the process information that is necessary to document operating conditions during the test and include in such record an explanation to support that such conditions represent the entire range of normal operation, including operational conditions for maximum emissions if such emissions are not expected during maximum production. The owner or operator shall make available to the Administrator such records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.

(c) Copper converter department capture system opacity limit. You must conduct each performance test to determine compliance with the opacity limit in § 63.1444 using the test methods and procedures in paragraphs (c)(1) through (9) of this section and during the particulate matter performance test.

(1) You must conduct the performance test during the period when the primary copper smelter is operating under conditions representative of the smelter's normal blister copper production rate. You may not conduct a performance test during a malfunction. Before conducting the performance test, you must prepare a written test plan specifying the copper production conditions to be maintained throughout the opacity observation period and including a copy of the written documentation you have prepared according to paragraph (a)(3) of this section to support the established operating limits for the copper converter department capture system. You must submit a copy of the test plan for review and approval by the Administrator or delegated authority. During the observation period, you must collect appropriate process information and copper converter department capture system operating information to prepare documentation sufficient to verify that all opacity observations were made during the copper production and capture system operating conditions specified in the approved test plan.

(2) You must notify the Administrator or delegated authority before conducting the opacity observations to allow the Administrator or delegated authority the opportunity to have authorized representatives attend the test. Written notification of the location and scheduled date for conducting the opacity observations must be received by the Administrator on or before 30 calendar days before this scheduled date.

(3) You must gather the data needed for determining compliance with the opacity limit using qualified visible emission observers and process monitors as described in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section.

(i) Opacity observations must be performed by a sufficient number of qualified visible emission observers to obtain two complete concurrent sets of opacity readings for the required observation period. Each visible emission observer must be certified as a qualified observer by the procedure specified in section 3 of Method 9 in appendix A-4 to 40 CFR part 60. The entire set of readings during the required observation period does not need to be made by the same two observers. More than two observers may be used to allow for substitutions and provide for observer rest breaks. The owner or operator must obtain proof of current visible emission reading certification for each observer. ASTM D7520-16 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 9 with the specified conditions in paragraphs (c)(3)(i)(A) through (E) of this section.

(A) During the digital camera opacity technique (DCOT) certification procedure outlined in section 9.2 of ASTM D7520-16, you or the DCOT vendor must present the plumes in front of various backgrounds of color and contrast representing conditions anticipated during field use such as blue sky, trees, and mixed backgrounds (clouds and/or a sparse tree stand).

(B) You must also have standard operating procedures in place including daily or other frequency quality checks to ensure the equipment is within manufacturing specifications as outlined in section 8.1 of ASTM D7520-16.

(C) You must follow the record keeping procedures outlined in § 63.10(b)(1) for the DCOT certification, compliance report, data sheets, and all raw unaltered JPEGs used for opacity and certification determination.

(D) You or the DCOT vendor must have a minimum of four (4) independent technology users apply the software to determine the visible opacity of the 300 certification plumes. For each set of 25 plumes, the user may not exceed 15% opacity of anyone reading and the average error must not exceed 7.5% opacity.

(E) This approval does not provide or imply a certification or validation of any vendor's hardware or software. The onus to maintain and verify the certification and/or training of the DCOT camera, software and operator in accordance with ASTM D7520-16 and this letter is on the facility, DCOT operator, and DCOT vendor.

(ii) A person (or persons) familiar with the copper production operations conducted at the smelter must serve as the indoor process monitor. The indoor process monitor is stationed at a location inside the building housing the batch copper converters such that he or she can visually observe and record operations that occur in the batch copper converter aisle during the times that the visible emission observers are making opacity readings. More than one indoor process monitor may be used to allow for substitutions and provide for rest breaks.

(4) You must make all opacity observations using Method 9 in appendix A-4 to 40 CFR part 60 and following the procedures described in paragraphs (c)(4)(i) and (ii) of this section. ASTM D7520-16 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 9 with the specified conditions in paragraphs (c)(3)(i)(A) through (E) of this section.

(i) Each visible emission observer must make his or her readings at a position from the outside of the building that houses the copper converter department such that the observer's line-of-sight is approximately perpendicular to the longer axis of the converter building, and the observer has an unobstructed view of the building roof monitor sections or roof exhaust fan outlets that are positioned over each of the batch copper converters inside the building. Opacity readings can only be made during those times when the observer's position meets the sun orientation and other conditions specified in section 2.1 of Method 9 in appendix A-4 to 40 CFR part 60.

(ii) At 15-second intervals, each visible emission observer views the building roof monitor sections or roof exhaust fan outlets that are positioned over each of the batch copper converters inside the building and reads the opacity of the visible plumes. If no plume is visible, the observer records zero as the opacity value for the 15-second interval. In situations when it is possible for an observer to distinguish two or more visible emission plumes from the building roof monitor sections or roof exhaust fan outlets, the observer must identify, to the extent feasible, the plume having the highest opacity and record his or her opacity reading for that plume as the opacity value for the 15-second interval.

(5) You must make opacity observations for a period of sufficient duration to obtain a minimum of 120 1-minute intervals during which at least one copper converter is blowing and no interferences have occurred from other copper production events, as specified in paragraph (c)(7) of this section, which generate visible emissions inside the building that potentially can interfere with the visible emissions from the converter capture systems as seen by the outside observers. To obtain the required number of 1-minute intervals, the observation period may be divided into two or more segments performed on the same day or on different days if conditions prevent the required number of opacity readings from being obtained during one continuous time period. Examples of these conditions include, but are not limited to, changes in the sun's orientation relative to visible emission observers' positions such that the conditions in Method 9 in appendix A-4 to 40 CFR part 60 are no longer met or an unexpected thunderstorm. If the total observation period is divided into two or more segments, all opacity observations must be made during the same set of copper production conditions described in your approved test plan as required by paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

(6) You must gather indoor process information during all times that the visible emission observers are making opacity readings outside the building housing the copper converter department. The indoor process monitor must continually observe the operations occurring in the copper converter department and prepare a written record of his or her observations using the procedure specified in paragraphs (c)(6)(i) through (iv) of this section.

(i) At the beginning of each observation period or segment, the clock time setting on the watch or clock to be used by the indoor process monitor must be synchronized with the clock time settings for the timepieces to be used by the outdoor opacity observers.

(ii) During each period or segment when opacity readings are being made by the visible emission observers, the indoor process monitor must continuously observe the operations occurring in the copper converter department and record his or her observations in a log book, on data sheets, or other type of permanent written format.

(iii) When a batch copper converter is blowing, a record must be prepared for the converter that includes, but is not limited to, the clock times for when blowing begins and when blowing ends and the converter blowing rate. This information may be recorded by the indoor process monitor or by a separate, automated computer data system.

(iv) The process monitor must record each event other than converter blowing that occurs in or nearby the converter aisle that he or she observes to generate visible emissions inside the building. The recorded entry for each event must include, but is not limited to, a description of the event and the clock times when the event begins and when the event ends.

(7) You must prepare a summary of the data for the entire observation period using the information recorded during the observation period by the outdoor visible emission observers and the indoor process monitor and the procedure specified in paragraphs (c)(7)(i) through (iv) of this section.

(i) Using the field data sheets, identify the 1-minute clock times for which a total of eight opacity readings were made and recorded by both observers at 15-second intervals according to the test procedures (i.e., a total of four opacity values have been recorded for the 1-minute interval by each of the two observers). Calculate the average of the eight 15-second interval readings recorded on the field data sheets by the two observers during the clock time minute interval (add the four consecutive 15-second interval opacity readings made by Observer A during the specified clock time minute, plus the four consecutive 15-second interval opacity readings made by Observer B during the same clock time minute, and divide the resulting total by eight). Record the clock time and the opacity average for the 1-minute interval on a data summary sheet. Figure 1 to this subpart shows an example of the format for the data summary sheet you may use, but are not required to use.

(ii) Using the data summary sheets prepared according to paragraph (c)(7)(i) of this section and the process information recorded according to paragraph (c)(6)(iii) of this section, identify those 1-minute intervals for which at least one of the batch copper converters was blowing.

(iii) Using the data summary sheets prepared according to paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of this section and the process information recorded according to paragraph (c)(6)(iv) of this section, identify the 1-minute intervals during which at least one copper converter was blowing but none of the interference events listed in paragraphs (c)(7)(iii)(A) through (F) of this section occurred. Other ancillary activities not listed but conducted in or adjacent to the converter aisle during the opacity observations are not considered to be interference events (e.g., converter aisle cleaning, placement of smoking ladles or skulls on the converter aisle floor).

(A) Charging of copper matte, reverts, or other materials to a batch copper converter;

(B) Skimming slag or other molten materials from a batch copper converter;

(C) Pouring of blister copper or other molten materials from a batch copper converter;

(D) Return of slag or other molten materials to the flash smelting vessel or slag cleaning vessel;

(E) Roll-out or roll-in of the batch copper converter; or

(F) Smoke and fumes generated inside the converter building by operation of the smelting vessel, the slag cleaning vessel (if used), anode refining and casting processes that drift into the copper converter department.

(iv) Using the data summary sheets prepared according to paragraph (c)(7)(iii) of this section, up to five 1-minute intervals following an interference event may be eliminated from data used for the compliance determination calculation specified in paragraph (c)(8) of this section by applying a time delay factor. The time delay factor must be a constant number of minutes not to exceed 5 minutes that is added to the clock time recorded when cessation of the interference event occurs. The same time delay factor must be used for all interference events (i.e., a constant time delay factor for the smelter of 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes, or 5 minutes). The number of minutes to be used for the time delay factor is determined based on the site-specific equipment and converter building configuration. An explanation of the rationale for selecting the value used for the time delay factor must be prepared and included in the test report.

(8) You must use the data summary prepared in paragraph (c)(7) of this section to calculate the average opacity value for a minimum of 120 1-minute intervals during which at least one copper converter was blowing with no interference events as determined according to paragraphs (c)(7)(iii) and (iv) of this section. Average opacity is calculated using equation 1 to this paragraph (c)(8):

(9) You must certify that the copper converter department capture system operated during the performance test at the operating limits established in your capture system operation and maintenance plan using the procedure specified in paragraphs (c)(9)(i) through (iv) of this section.

(i) Concurrent with all opacity observations, measure and record values for each of the operating limit parameters in your capture system operation and maintenance plan according to the monitoring requirements specified in § 63.1452(a).

(ii) For any dampers that are manually set and remain in the same position at all times the capture system is operating, the damper position must be visually checked and recorded at the beginning and end of each opacity observation period segment.

(iii) Review the recorded monitoring data. Identify and explain any times during batch copper converter blowing when the capture system operated outside the applicable operating limits.

(iv) Certify in your performance test report that during all observation period segments, the copper converter department capture system was operating at the values or settings established in your capture system operation and maintenance plan.

(d) Mercury emissions. You must conduct each performance test to determine compliance with the mercury emission limits in § 63.1444 that apply to you according to the requirements for representative test conditions specified in paragraph (d)(4) of this section and using the test methods and procedures in paragraphs (d)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) Determine the concentration of mercury according to the test methods in appendices A-1 through A-8 to 40 CFR part 60 as specified in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.

(i) Method 1 to select sampling port locations and the number of traverse points. Sampling ports must be located at the outlet of the control device and prior to any releases to the atmosphere.

(ii) Method 2, 2F, or 2G to determine the volumetric flow rate of the stack gas.

(iii) Method 3, 3A, or 3B to determine the dry molecular weight of the stack gas. The ANSI/ASME PTC 19-10-1981 Part 10 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 3B manual portion only but not the instrumental portion.

(iv) Method 4 to determine the moisture content of the stack gas.

(v) Method 29, 30A, or 30B, as applicable, to determine the concentration of mercury. You can also use ASTM D6784-16 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14) or equivalent.

(2) You must conduct three separate test runs for each performance test. Duration of sampling is at least two hours per run. If performing measurements using Method 29 in appendix A-8 to 40 CFR part 60, you must collect a minimum sample volume of 1.7 dscm (60 dscf). For the purpose of determining compliance with the applicable mercury emission limit, the arithmetic mean of the results for the three separate test runs is used.

(3) For a control device or process operating parameter applied to emissions from an affected source and subject to site-specific operating limit(s) in § 63.1444(n) for appropriate, site-specific operating parameters that are representative and reliable indicators of the control device performance, you must establish a site-specific operating limit(s) according to the procedures in paragraphs (d)(3)(i) through (iv) of this section.

(i) Select one or more operating parameters, as appropriate for the control device design or process parameter (i.e., mercury content of concentrate feed), that can be used as representative and reliable indicators of the control device or process operation.

(ii) Using the CPMS required in § 63.1452, measure and record the selected operating parameters for the control device during each run of the mercury performance test.

(iii) Compute and record the hourly average value for each of the selected operating parameters for each individual test run. Your operating limits are the lowest value or the highest value, as appropriate for the selected operating parameter, measured in any of the three runs that meet the applicable emission limit.

(iv) You must prepare written documentation to support your selection of the operating parameters used for the control device. This documentation must include a description of each selected parameter, a rationale for why you chose the parameter, a description of the method used to monitor the parameter, and the data recorded during the performance test and used to set the operating limit(s).

(4) You must conduct each performance test that applies to your affected source under normal operating conditions of the affected source. The owner or operator may not conduct performance tests during periods of malfunction. The use of the bypass stack during a performance test of the process shall invalidate the performance test. The owner or operator must record the process information that is necessary to document operating conditions during the test and include in such record an explanation to support that such conditions represent the entire range of normal operation, including operational conditions for maximum emissions if such emissions are not expected during maximum production. The owner or operator shall make available to the Administrator such records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.

(e) Anode refining department, copper converter department, slag cleaning vessels, and smelting vessels process fugitive roofline vent filterable particulate matter emission limit. You must conduct each performance test to determine compliance with the roofline vent process fugitive filterable particulate matter emission limits in § 63.1444 that apply to you according to the requirements for representative test conditions specified in paragraph (e)(3) of this section and using the test methods and procedures in paragraphs (e)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) Determine the concentration of anode refining department, copper converter department, slag cleaning vessels, and smelting vessels process fugitive roofline vent filterable particulate matter according to the test methods in appendices A-1 through A-8 to 40 CFR part 60 as specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section.

(i) Method 1 to select sampling port locations and the number of traverse points. Sampling ports must be located at the outlet of the control device and prior to any releases to the atmosphere. Use Method 5D, section 8.1.3, Roof Monitor or Monovent, or approved sample locations by EPA Office of Air and Radiation (OAR), OAQPS, Measurement Technology Group or delegated authority.

(ii) Method 2, 2F, or 2G to determine the volumetric flow rate of the stack gas or calibrated anemometer.

(iii) Method 3, 3A, or 3B to determine the dry molecular weight of the stack gas. The ANSI/ASME PTC 19-10-1981 Part 10 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 3B manual portion only but not the instrumental portion.

(iv) Method 4 to determine the moisture content of the stack gas.

(v) Method 17 to determine in-stack mass volume of the anode refining, converter and smelting process fugitive roof vent filterable particulate matter emissions. Isokinetic calculations are waived due to low flow rates and high variability. Use the filter specified in section 7.2.1 of Method 29. An approved Federal reference method (FRM)/Federal equivalent method (FEM) may be used if it can tolerate the 150 °F temperatures on the roof vents. Tapered element oscillating microbalances (TEOMs) are not appropriate for this sampling. An alternative test method may be requested to EPA OAR, OAQPS, Measurement Technology Group.

(vi) Method 9 to establish opacity as an operating parameter, if appropriate. ASTM D7520-16 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 9 with the specified conditions in paragraphs (c)(3)(i)(A) through (E) of this section.

(2) You must conduct three separate test runs for each performance test. Each test run must have a minimum sampling time of 12 hours. For the purpose of determining compliance with the filterable particulate matter emission limit, the arithmetic mean of the results for the three separate test runs for each roofline vent (i.e., anode refining department, copper converter department, smelting vessels, slag cleaning vessels) is used. The three test run average of the filterable particulate matter emission rates from each vent should be summed to compare to the emission limit in § 63.1444.

(3) You must conduct each performance test that applies to your affected source under normal operating conditions of the affected source. The owner or operator may not conduct performance tests during periods of malfunction. The use of the bypass stack during a performance test of the process shall invalidate the performance test. The owner or operator must record the process information that is necessary to document operating conditions during the test and include in such record an explanation to support that such conditions represent the entire range of normal operation, including operational conditions for maximum emissions if such emissions are not expected during maximum production. The owner or operator shall make available to the Administrator such records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.

(f) Benzene, toluene, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons excluding naphthalene, naphthalene, and dioxins/furans emissions. You must conduct each performance test to determine compliance with the benzene, toluene, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons excluding naphthalene, naphthalene, and dioxins/furans emission limits in table 2 to this subpart that apply to you according to the requirements for representative test conditions specified in paragraph (f)(8) of this section and using the test methods and procedures in paragraphs (f)(1) through (7) of this section.

(1) Use the test methods in appendices A-1 through A-8 to 40 CFR part 60 as specified in paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section to select sampling port locations and the number of traverse points and to determine the volumetric flow rate, dry molecular weight, and moisture content of the stack gas.

(i) Method 1 to select sampling port locations and the number of traverse points. Sampling ports must be located at the outlet of the control device and prior to any releases to the atmosphere.

(ii) Method 2, 2F, or 2G to determine the volumetric flow rate of the stack gas.

(iii) Method 3, 3A, or 3B to determine the dry molecular weight of the stack gas. The ANSI/ASME PTC 19-10-1981 Part 10 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 3B manual portion only but not the instrumental portion.

(iv) Method 4 to determine the moisture content of the stack gas.

(2) Determine the concentration of benzene and toluene for each stack using Method 18 in to appendix A-6 to 40 CFR part 60 to determine the concentration of benzene and toluene; or as an alternative ASTM D6420-99 (Reapproved 2010) (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14), may be used provided that the target compound(s) are those listed in section 1.1 of ASTM D6420-99 (Reapproved 2010) as measurable; the target compounds do not include methane and ethane because their atomic mass is less than 35; and the test results are not a total VOC method. Each test must consist of three separate runs. The duration of sampling must be at least two hours per run.

(3) Determine the concentration of chlorine and hydrogen chloride for each stack using Method 26A in appendix A-8 to 40 CFR part 60. Each test must consist of three separate runs. The minimum sample volume must be at least 2 dry cubic meters per run. Each run must be conducted for a minimum of 1 hour.

(4) Determine the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons excluding naphthalene, naphthalene, and dioxins/furans for each stack using Method 23 in appendix A-7 to 40 CFR part 60. Each test must consist of three separate runs. The test duration must be at least 3 hours and the must be at least 3 dscm (106 dscf). Method 23 complete list of PAHs and dioxin and furan congeners must be analyzed and reported.

(5) During each stack test run, measure the weight of copper concentrate feed charged to the smelting vessel and calculate the emissions rate in pounds of pollutant per ton of copper concentrate feed charged to the smelting vessel (lb/ton), except for dioxins/furans which should be calculated in nanograms of pollutant Toxicity Equivalent Quotient (TEQ) per megagram of copper concentrate feed charged to the smelting vessel (ng/Mg) for each test run. To calculate the TEQ, multiply each D/F congener emission concentration times the appropriate Toxicity Equivalent Factor (TEF) in table 3 to this subpart. If any measurement result is reported as below the method detection limit, use the method detection limit for that value when calculating the emission rate. Calculate the total emissions rate for each test run by summing the emissions across all stacks, as shown in equation 2 to this paragraph (f)(5).

(6) Calculate the average emissions rate for each facility using the three test runs, as shown in equation 3 to this paragraph (f)(6). For the purposes of determining compliance with the applicable emission limits in table 2 to this subpart, the arithmetic mean of the results for the three separate test runs is used as calculated using equation 3.

(7) For a control device applied to emissions from an affected source and subject to work practice standards and emission limit(s) in § 63.1444(o) for appropriate, site-specific operating parameters that are representative and reliable indicators of the control device performance, you must establish a site-specific operating limit(s) according to the procedures in paragraphs (f)(7)(i) through (iv) of this section.

(i) Select one or more operating parameters, as appropriate for the control device design, that can be used as representative and reliable indicators of the control device operation.

(ii) Using the CPMS required in § 63.1452, measure and record the selected operating parameters for the control device during each run of the benzene, toluene, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons excluding naphthalene, naphthalene and dioxins/furans performance test.

(iii) Compute and record the hourly average value for each of the selected operating parameters for each individual test run. Your operating limits are the lowest value or the highest value, as appropriate for the selected operating parameter, measured in any of the three runs that meet the applicable emission limit.

(iv) You must prepare written documentation to support your selection of the operating parameters used for the control device. This documentation must include a description of each selected parameter, a rationale for why you chose the parameter, a description of the method used to monitor the parameter, and the data recorded during the performance test and used to set the operating limit(s).

(8) You must conduct each performance test that applies to your affected source under normal operating conditions of the affected source. You may not conduct a performance test during a malfunction. The use of the bypass stack during a performance test of the process shall invalidate the performance test. The owner or operator must record the process information that is necessary to document operating conditions during the test and include in such record an explanation to support that such conditions represent the entire range of normal operation, including operational conditions for maximum emissions if such emissions are not expected during maximum production. The owner or operator shall make available to the Administrator such records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.

(g) Peirce-Smith converter department, Inco flash furnace, and anode refining department process fugitive roofline vent lead. For facilities using a combination of Peirce-Smith converter department, Inco flash furnace, and anode refining department, you must conduct each performance test to determine compliance with the roofline vent process fugitive lead emission limits in § 63.1444(p)(1) that apply to you according to the requirements for representative test conditions specified in paragraph (g)(3) of this section and using the test methods and procedures in paragraphs (g)(1) and (2) of this section. You must also comply with establishing operating parameters in paragraphs (g)(4) through (7) of this section.

(1) Determine the concentration of Peirce-Smith converter department, Inco flash furnace, and anode refining department process fugitive roofline vent lead according to the test methods in appendices A-1 through A-8 to 40 CFR part 60 as specified in paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (vii) of this section.

(i) Method 1 to select sampling port locations and the number of traverse points. Sampling ports must be located at the outlet of the control device and prior to any releases to the atmosphere. Use Method 5D section 8.1.3 Roof Monitor or Monovent or approved sample locations by MTG or delegated authority.

(ii) Method 2, 2F, or 2G to determine the volumetric flow rate of the stack gas or calibrated anemometer.

(iii) Method 3, 3A, or 3B to determine the dry molecular weight of the stack gas. The ANSI/ASME PTC 19-10-1981 Part 10 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 3B manual portion only but not the instrumental portion.

(iv) Method 4 to determine the moisture content of the stack gas.

(v) Method 17 to determine in-stack mass volume of the anode refining, converter and smelting process fugitive roof vent lead emissions. Isokinetic calculations are waived due to low flow rates and high variability. Use the filter specified in section 7.2.1 of Method 29. An approved FRM/FEM may be used if it can tolerate the 150 F temperatures on the roof vents. TEOMs are not appropriate for this sampling. An alternative test method may be requested to EPA OAR, OAQPS, Measurement Technology Group.

(vi) Method 29 filter analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for lead.

(vii) Method 9 to establish opacity as an operating parameter, if appropriate. ASTM D7520-16 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 9 with the specified conditions in paragraphs (c)(3)(i)(A) through (E) of this section.

(2) You must conduct three separate test runs for each performance test. Each test run must have a minimum sampling time of 12 hours. For the purpose of determining compliance with the lead emission limit, the arithmetic mean of the results for the three separate test runs for each roofline vent (i.e., anode refining department, copper converter department, smelting vessels, slag cleaning vessels) is used. The three test run average of the lead emission rates from each vent should be summed to compare to the emission limit in § 63.1444.

(3) You must conduct each performance test that applies to your affected source under normal operating conditions of the affected source. The owner or operator may not conduct performance tests during periods of malfunction. The use of the bypass stack during a performance test of the process shall invalidate the performance test. The owner or operator must record the process information that is necessary to document operating conditions during the test and include in such record an explanation to support that such conditions represent the entire range of normal operation, including operational conditions for maximum emissions if such emissions are not expected during maximum production. The owner or operator shall make available to the Administrator such records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.

(4) Establish a site-specific operating limit for a parameter, like opacity, based on values measured during the performance test.

(5) For your flash furnace capture system you must establish site specific operating parameters as specified in § 63.1444(p)(2)(i).

(6) For your fuming ladle capture system, you must establish site specific operating parameters as specified in § 63.1444(p)(2)(ii).

(7) For your anode furnace secondary capture and control system, you must establish site specific operating parameters as specified in § 63.1444(p)(2)(iii).

(a) Filterable particulate matter emission limits. For each copper concentrate dryer, smelting vessel, slag cleaning vessel, copper converter department, anode refining department, and combination of anode refining department and Hoboken converter process fugitive capture system subject to a filterable particulate matter emission limit in § 63.1444 or § 63.1446, you have demonstrated initial compliance if you meet both of the conditions in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) The average concentration of filterable particulate matter from the affected source, any capture system, or control device applied to emissions from the affected source, measured according to the performance test procedures in § 63.1450(a), did not exceed the applicable emission limit, and establishes operating parameter.

(2) You have submitted a notification of compliance status according to the requirements in § 63.1454(e) and performance test results according to the requirements in § 63.1455(e).

(b) Nonsulfuric acid particulate matter emissions limits. For each smelting vessel, slag cleaning vessel, and copper converter departments subject to the nonsulfuric acid particulate matter emissions limit in § 63.1444 as applies to you, you have demonstrated initial compliance if you meet both of the conditions in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) The average concentration of nonsulfuric acid particulate matter in the process off-gas discharged from the affected source, measured according to the performance test procedures in § 63.1450(b), did not exceed 6.2 mg/dscm.

(2) You have submitted a notification of compliance status according to the requirements in § 63.1454(e) and performance test results according to the requirements in § 63.1455(e).

(c) Copper converter department visible emissions. For each existing copper converter department subject to the opacity limit in § 63.1444, you have demonstrated initial compliance if you meet both of the conditions in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) The opacity of visible emissions exiting the roof monitors or roof exhaust fans on the building housing the copper converter department measured according to the performance test procedures in § 63.1450(c), did not exceed 4 percent opacity.

(2) You have submitted a notification of compliance status according to the requirements in § 63.1454(e).

(d) Copper converter department capture systems. You have demonstrated initial compliance of the copper converter department capture system if you meet all of the conditions in paragraphs (d)(1) through (4) of this section.

(1) Prepared the capture system operation and maintenance plan according to the requirements in § 63.1447(b);

(2) Conducted an initial performance test according to the procedures of § 63.1450(c) demonstrating the opacity of any visible emissions exiting the roof monitors or roof exhaust fans on the building housing the copper converter department does not exceed 4 percent opacity;

(3) Included in your notification of compliance status a copy of your written capture system operation and maintenance plan and have certified in your notification of compliance status that you will operate the copper converter department capture system at all times during blowing at the values or settings established for the operating limits in that plan; and

(4) Submitted a notification of compliance status according to the requirements in § 63.1454(e) and performance test results according to the requirements in § 63.1455(e).

(e) Baghouses. For each baghouse subject to operating limits in § 63.1444(i) or § 63.1446(c), you have demonstrated initial compliance if you meet all of the conditions in paragraphs (e)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) You have included in your written operation and maintenance plan required under § 63.1447(b) detailed descriptions of the procedures you use for inspection, maintenance, bag leak detection, and corrective action for the baghouse.

(2) You have certified in your notification of compliance status that you will operate the baghouse according to your written operation and maintenance plan.

(3) You have submitted the notification of compliance status according to the requirements in § 63.1454(e).

(f) Venturi wet scrubbers. For each venturi wet scrubber subject to operating limits in § 63.1444(j) or § 63.1446(d), you have demonstrated initial compliance if you meet all of the conditions in paragraphs (f)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) Established site-specific operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate and have a record of the pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate measured during the performance test you conduct to demonstrate initial compliance with paragraph (a) or (k) of this section.

(2) Certified in your notification of compliance status that you will operate the venturi wet scrubber within the established operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate.

(3) Submitted a notification of compliance status according to the requirements in § 63.1454(e).

(g) Other control devices. For each control device other than a baghouse or venturi wet scrubber subject to operating limits in § 63.1444(k) or (n) or § 63.1446(e), you have demonstrated initial compliance if you meet all of the conditions in paragraphs (g)(1) through (4) of this section.

(1) Selected one or more operating parameters, as appropriate for the control device design, that can be used as representative and reliable indicators of the control device operation.

(2) Established site-specific operating limits for each of the selected operating parameters based on values measured during the performance test you conduct to demonstrate initial compliance with paragraph (a) of this section and have prepared written documentation according to the requirements in § 63.1450(a)(5)(iv).

(3) Included in your notification of compliance status a copy of the written documentation you have prepared to demonstrate compliance with paragraph (g)(2) of this section and have certified in your notification of compliance status that you will operate the control device within the established operating limits.

(4) Submitted a notification of compliance status according to the requirements in § 63.1454(e).

(h) Fugitive dust sources. For all fugitive dust sources subject to work practice standards in § 63.1445, you have demonstrated initial compliance if you meet all of the conditions in paragraphs (h)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) Prepared a written fugitive dust control plan according to the requirements in § 63.1445 and it has been approved by the delegated authority.

(2) Certified in your notification of compliance status that you will control emissions from the fugitive dust sources according to the procedures in the approved plan.

(3) Submitted the notification of compliance status according to the requirements in § 63.1454(e).

(i) Operation and maintenance requirements. You have demonstrated initial compliance with the operation and maintenance requirements that apply to you if you meet all of the conditions in paragraphs (i)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) Prepared an operation and maintenance plan according to the requirements in § 63.1447(b).

(2) Certified in your notification of compliance status that you will operate each capture system and control device according to the procedures in the plan.

(3) Submitted the notification of compliance status according to the requirements in § 63.1454(e).

(j) Mercury emissions. For any combination of copper concentrate dryers, smelting vessel, copper converter department, slag cleaning vessel and anode refining department subject to a mercury emission limit in § 63.1444, you have demonstrated initial compliance if you meet the conditions in paragraphs (j)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) The sum of the mercury emissions (lb/hr) from the affected sources measured according to the performance test procedures in § 63.1450(d), did not exceed the applicable emission limit.

(2) Established a site-specific operating limit for a parameter based on values measured during the performance test you conduct to demonstrate initial compliance with this paragraph (j) and have prepared written documentation according to the requirements in § 63.1450(d)(3)(iv).

(3) You have submitted a notification of compliance status according to the requirements in § 63.1454(e) and performance test results according to the requirements in § 63.1455(e).

(k) Process fugitive filterable particulate matter from roofline vents. For emissions from roofline vents associated with the smelting vessels, slag cleaning vessels, copper converter department, and anode refining department subject to a filterable particulate matter emission limit in § 63.1444(h), you have demonstrated initial compliance if you meet the conditions in paragraphs (k)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) The sum of filterable particulate matter emissions from the combination of roofline vents as measured according to the performance test procedures in § 63.1450(e), did not exceed 6.3 lb/hr.

(2) Established a site-specific operating limit for a parameter, like opacity, based on values measured during the performance test you conduct to demonstrate initial compliance with this paragraph (k) and have prepared written documentation according to the requirements in § 63.1450(e).

(3) You have submitted a notification of compliance status according to the requirements in § 63.1454(e) and performance test results according to the requirements in § 63.1455(e).

(l) Benzene, toluene, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons excluding naphthalene, naphthalene, and dioxins/furans emissions. For any combination of copper concentrate dryer, smelting vessel, slag cleaning vessel, copper converter department, and anode refining department subject to the benzene, toluene, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons excluding naphthalene, naphthalene, and dioxins/furans emission limits in table 2 to this subpart, you have demonstrated initial compliance if you meet both of the conditions in paragraphs (l)(1) and (2) to this section.

(1) The emissions of benzene, toluene, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons excluding naphthalene, naphthalene, and dioxins/furans emissions per mass of copper concentrate feed to the smelting vessel from the affected sources measured according to the performance test procedures in § 63.1450(f), did not exceed the applicable emission limit.

(2) You have submitted a notification of compliance status according to the requirements in § 63.1454(e) and performance test results according to the requirements in § 63.1455(e).

(m) Process fugitive lead from roofline vents. For emissions from the combination of roofline vents associated with the Peirce-Smith converter department, Inco flash furnace, and anode refining department subject to a lead emission limit and design standards in § 63.1444(p), you have demonstrated initial compliance if you meet the conditions in paragraphs (m)(1) through (5) of this section.

(1) The sum of lead emissions from the combination of roofline vents as measured according to the performance test procedures in § 63.1450(g), did not exceed 0.326 lb/hr.

(2) You have submitted a notification of compliance status and performance test results according to requirements of §§ 63.1454(e), 63.1455(e)(1), and 63.9(k)

(3) For your flash furnace capture system, you have established timed interlock on the slag return launder.

(4) For your fuming ladle capture system, you have determined flow rate by a calibrated flowmeter or test.

(5) For your anode furnace secondary hood capture and control system, you have determined flow rate by a calibrated flowmeter or test.

(a) Copper converter department capture systems. For each operating limit established under your capture system operation and maintenance plan, you must install, operate, and maintain an appropriate monitoring device according to the requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section to measure and record the operating limit value or setting at all times the copper converter department capture system is operating during batch copper converter blowing. Dampers that are manually set and remain in the same position at all times the capture system is operating are exempted from the requirements of this paragraph (a).

(1) Install the monitoring device, associated sensor(s), and recording equipment according to the manufacturers' specifications. Locate the sensor(s) used for monitoring in or as close to a position that provides a representative measurement of the parameter being monitored.

(2) If a flow measurement device is used to monitor the operating limit parameter, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (iv) of this section.

(i) Locate the flow sensor and other necessary equipment such as straightening vanes in a position that provides a representative flow.

(ii) Use a flow sensor with a minimum tolerance of 2 percent of the flow rate.

(iii) Reduce swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to upstream and downstream disturbances.

(iv) Conduct a flow sensor calibration check at least semiannually.

(3) If a pressure measurement device is used to monitor the operating limit parameter, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a)(3)(i) through (v) of this section.

(i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that provides a representative measurement of the pressure.

(ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and internal and external corrosion.

(iii) Use a gauge with a minimum tolerance of 0.5 inch of water or a transducer with a minimum tolerance of 1 percent of the pressure range.

(iv) Check pressure tap pluggage daily.

(v) Using a manometer, check gauge calibration quarterly and transducer calibration monthly.

(4) Conduct calibration and validation checks any time the sensor exceeds the manufacturer's specifications or you install a new sensor.

(5) At least monthly, inspect all components for integrity, all electrical connections for continuity, and all mechanical connections for leakage.

(6) Record the results of each inspection, calibration, and validation check.

(b) Baghouses. For each baghouse subject to the operating limit in § 63.1444(i) or § 63.1446(c) for the bag leak detection system alarm, you must at all times monitor the relative change in particulate matter loadings using a bag leak detection system according to the requirements in paragraph (b)(1) of this section and conduct regular inspections according to the requirements in paragraph (b)(2) of this section.

(1) You must install, operate, and maintain each bag leak detection system according to the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (vii) of this section.

(i) The system must be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting emissions of particulate matter at concentrations of 10 milligrams per actual cubic meter (0.0044 grains per actual cubic foot) or less.

(ii) The system must provide output of relative changes in particulate matter loadings.

(iii) The system must be equipped with an alarm that will sound when an increase in relative particulate loadings is detected over a preset level. The alarm must be located such that it can be heard by the appropriate plant personnel.

(iv) Each system that works based on the triboelectric effect must be installed, operated, and maintained in a manner consistent with the guidance document “Fabric Filter Bag Leak Detection Guidance,” EPA-454/R-98-015, September 1997. You may obtain a copy of this guidance document by contacting the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) at 800-553-6847. You may install, operate, and maintain other types of bag leak detection systems in a manner consistent with the manufacturer's written specifications and recommendations.

(v) To make the initial adjustment of the system, establish the baseline output by adjusting the sensitivity (range) and the averaging period of the device. Then, establish the alarm set points and the alarm delay time.

(vi) Following the initial adjustment, do not adjust the sensitivity or range, averaging period, alarm set points, or alarm delay time, except as detailed in your operation and maintenance plan. Do not increase the sensitivity by more than 100 percent or decrease the sensitivity by more than 50 percent over a 365-day period unless a responsible official certifies, in writing, that the baghouse has been inspected and found to be in good operating condition.

(vii) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.

(2) You must conduct baghouse inspections at their specified frequencies according to the requirements in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (viii) of this section.

(i) Monitor the pressure drop across each baghouse cell each day to ensure pressure drop is within the normal operating range identified in the manual.

(ii) Confirm that dust is being removed from hoppers through weekly visual inspections or other means of ensuring the proper functioning of removal mechanisms.

(iii) Check the compressed air supply for pulse-jet baghouses each day.

(iv) Monitor cleaning cycles to ensure proper operation using an appropriate methodology.

(v) Check bag cleaning mechanisms for proper functioning through monthly visual inspection or equivalent means.

(vi) Make monthly visual checks of bag tension on reverse air and shaker-type baghouses to ensure that bags are not kinked (kneed or bent) or laying on their sides. You do not have to make this check for shaker-type baghouses using self-tensioning (spring-loaded) devices.

(vii) Confirm the physical integrity of the baghouse through quarterly visual inspections of the baghouse interior for air leaks.

(viii) Inspect fans for wear, material buildup, and corrosion through quarterly visual inspections, vibration detectors, or equivalent means.

(c) Venturi wet scrubbers. For each venturi wet scrubber subject to the operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate in § 63.1444(j) or § 63.1446(d), you must at all times monitor the hourly average pressure drop and water flow rate using a CPMS. You must install, operate, and maintain each CPMS according to the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) For the pressure drop CPMS, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section.

(i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that provides a representative measurement of the pressure and that minimizes or eliminates pulsating pressure, vibration, and internal and external corrosion.

(ii) Use a gauge with a minimum measurement sensitivity of 0.5 inch of water or a transducer with a minimum measurement sensitivity of 1 percent of the pressure range.

(iii) Check the pressure tap for pluggage daily.

(iv) Using a manometer, check gauge calibration quarterly and transducer calibration monthly.

(v) Conduct calibration checks any time the sensor exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range, or install a new pressure sensor.

(vi) At least monthly, inspect all components for integrity, all electrical connections for continuity, and all mechanical connections for leakage.

(2) For the scrubber water flow rate CPMS, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (iv) of this section.

(i) Locate the flow sensor and other necessary equipment in a position that provides a representative flow and that reduces swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to upstream and downstream disturbances.

(ii) Use a flow sensor with a minimum measurement sensitivity of 2 percent of the flow rate.

(iii) Conduct a flow sensor calibration check at least semiannually according to the manufacturer's instructions.

(iv) At least monthly, inspect all components for integrity, all electrical connections for continuity, and all mechanical connections for leakage.

(d) Other control devices and operating parameters. For each control device other than a baghouse or venturi wet scrubber subject to the operating limits for appropriate parameters in § 63.1444(k) or § 63.1446(e), or a control device for mercury subject to § 63.1444(n), you must at all times monitor each of your selected parameters using an appropriate CPMS. You must install, operate, and maintain each CPMS according to the equipment manufacturer's specifications and the requirements in paragraphs (d)(1) though (5) of this section.

(1) Locate the sensor(s) used for monitoring in or as close to a position that provides a representative measurement of the parameter being monitored.

(2) Determine the hourly average of all recorded readings.

(3) Conduct calibration and validation checks any time the sensor exceeds the manufacturer's specifications or you install a new sensor.

(4) At least monthly, inspect all components for integrity, all electrical connections for continuity, and all mechanical connections for leakage.

(5) Record the results of each inspection, calibration, and validation check.

(e) Continuous monitoring. Except for monitoring malfunctions, associated repairs, and required quality assurance or control activities (including as applicable, calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments), you must monitor continuously (or collect data at all required intervals) at all times an affected source is operating.

(f) Data collection for assessing compliance. You may not use data recorded during monitoring malfunctions, associated repairs, and required quality assurance or control activities in data averages and calculations used to report emission or operating levels or to fulfill a minimum data availability requirement, if applicable. You must use all the data collected during all other periods in assessing compliance.

(g) Monitoring malfunctions. A monitoring malfunction is any sudden, infrequent, not reasonably preventable failure of the monitor to provide valid data. Monitoring failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or careless operation are not malfunctions.

(h) Bypass stacks. You must maintain an appropriate monitoring device according to the requirements in paragraph (h)(1) or (2) of this section to demonstrate the work practice standards are limiting the emissions at all times the bypass stack is in use.

(1) If a SO2 continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) is utilized as a continuous monitor during planned maintenance events, a cylinder gas audit (CGA) and daily calibration or a 3-point linearity test must be conducted prior to the performance test according to Procedure 1, section 5.1.2, in appendix F to 40 CFR part 60 to conduct the CGA.

(2) If a particulate matter (PM) detector is CPMS, you must install, operate, and maintain each PM detector according to the equipment manufacturer's specifications and the requirements in paragraphs (h)(2)(i) through (v) of this section.

(i) Locate the detector(s) used for monitoring in or as close to a position that provides a representative measurement of the parameter being monitored.

(ii) Determine the hourly average of all recorded readings.

(iii) Conduct calibration and validation checks any time the detector exceeds the manufacturer's specifications or you install a new detector.

(iv) At least monthly, inspect all components for integrity, all electrical connections for continuity, and all mechanical connections for leakage.

(v) Record the results of each inspection, calibration, and validation check.

(a) Filterable particulate matter emission limits. For each affected source subject to a particulate matter emission limit in § 63.1444 or § 63.1446 as applies to you, you must demonstrate continuous compliance according to the requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) For each copper concentrate dryer, smelting vessel, slag cleaning vessel, copper converter department, anode refining department, and combination of anode refining department and Hoboken converter process fugitive capture system subject to a filterable particulate matter emission limit in § 63.1444 or § 63.1446 as applies to you, you must demonstrate continuous compliance by meeting the conditions in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iii) or paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (iv) through (vii) of this section.

(i) Maintain the average concentration of filterable particulate matter in the gases discharged from the affected source at or below the applicable emission limit. If a particulate matter continuous emissions monitoring system (PM CEMS) is used, you must demonstrate continued compliance according to the requirements in paragraphs (a)(1)(iv) through (vii) of this section.

(ii) Monitor the operating parameter(s) established during the performance test according to the requirements in §§ 63.1450(a) and 63.1452 and collect, reduce, and record the monitoring data for each of the operating limit parameters according to the applicable requirements of this subpart.

(iii) Conduct subsequent performance tests following your initial performance test no less frequently than once per year according to the performance test procedures in § 63.1450(a). New operating limits may be established during subsequent performance tests as long as the performance tests demonstrate compliance with the emission limits.

(iv) Install, operate, and maintain a PM CEMS to measure and record PM concentrations and gas stream flow rates for the exhaust gases discharged to the atmosphere from each affected source subject to the emissions limit in this paragraph (a)(1). A single PM CEMS may be used for the combined exhaust gas streams from multiple affected sources at a point before the gases are discharged to the atmosphere. For each PM CEMS used to comply with this paragraph (a)(1), you must meet the requirements in this paragraph (a)(1)(iv) and paragraphs (a)(1)(v) through (vii) of this section.

(v) You must install, certify, operate, and maintain the PM CEMS according to EPA Performance Specification 11 in appendix B to 40 CFR part 60, and the quality assurance requirements of Procedure 2 in appendix F to 40 CFR part 60.

(vi) You must conduct an initial performance evaluation of the PM CEMS according to the requirements of Performance Specification 11 in appendix B to 40 CFR part 60. Thereafter, you must perform the performance evaluations as required by Procedure 2 in appendix F to 40 CFR part 60.

(vii) You must perform quarterly accuracy determinations and daily calibration drift tests for the PM CEMS according to Procedure 2 in appendix F to 40 CFR part 60.

(2) For each smelting vessel, slag cleaning vessel, and copper converter department subject to the nonsulfuric acid particulate matter emission limit in § 63.1444 as applies to you, you must demonstrate continuous compliance by meeting the conditions in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.

(i) Maintain the average concentration of nonsulfuric acid particulate matter in the process off-gas discharged from the affected source at or below 6.2 mg/dscm.

(ii) Monitor the operating parameter established during the performance tests according to the requirements in §§ 63.1450(b) and 63.1452 and collect, reduce, and record the monitoring data for each of the operating limit parameters according to the applicable requirements of this subpart.

(iii) Conduct subsequent performance tests following your initial performance test no less frequently than once per year according to the performance test procedures in § 63.1450(b). New operating limits may be established during subsequent performance tests as long as the performance tests demonstrate compliance with the emission limits.

(b) Copper converter department capture systems. You must demonstrate continuous compliance of the copper converter department capture system by meeting the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section.

(1) Operate the copper converter department capture system at all times during blowing at or above the lowest values or settings established for the operating limits and demonstrated to achieve the opacity limit according to the applicable requirements of this subpart;

(2) Inspect and maintain the copper converter department capture system according to the applicable requirements in § 63.1447 and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements;

(3) Monitor the copper converter department capture system according to the requirements in § 63.1452(a) and collecting, reducing, and recording the monitoring data for each of the operating limit parameters according to the applicable requirements of this subpart; and

(4) Conduct subsequent performance tests according to the requirements of § 63.1450(c) following your initial performance test no less frequently than once per year to demonstrate that the opacity of any visible emissions exiting the roof monitors or roof exhaust fans on the building housing the copper converter department does not exceed 4 percent opacity.

(c) Baghouses. For each baghouse subject to the operating limit for the bag leak detection system alarm in § 63.1444(i) or § 63.1446(c), you must demonstrate continuous compliance by meeting the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) Maintain the baghouse such that the bag leak detection system alarm does not sound for more than 5 percent of the operating time during any semiannual reporting period. To determine the percent of time the alarm sounded use the procedures in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.

(i) Alarms that occur due solely to a malfunction of the bag leak detection system are not included in the calculation.

(ii) Before November 12, 2024, alarms that occur during startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not included in the calculation if the condition is described in the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, and you operated the source during such periods in accordance with § 63.6(e)(1). On or after November 12, 2024, alarms that occur due solely to a malfunction of the bag leak detection system are not included in the calculation.

(iii) Count 1 hour of alarm time for each alarm when you initiated procedures to determine the cause of the alarm within 1 hour.

(iv) Count the actual amount of time you took to initiate procedures to determine the cause of the alarm if you did not initiate procedures to determine the cause of the alarm within 1 hour of the alarm.

(v) Calculate the percentage of time the alarm on the bag leak detection system sounds as the ratio of the sum of alarm times to the total operating time multiplied by 100.

(2) Maintain records of the times the bag leak detection system alarm sounded, and for each valid alarm, the time you initiated corrective action, the corrective action(s) taken, and the date on which corrective action was completed.

(3) Inspect and maintain each baghouse according to the requirements in § 63.1452(b)(2) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements. If you increase or decrease the sensitivity of the bag leak detection system beyond the limits specified in § 63.1452(b)(1)(vi), you must include a copy of the required written certification by a responsible official in the next semiannual compliance report.

(d) Venturi wet scrubbers. For each venturi wet scrubber subject to the operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate in § 63.1444(j) or § 63.1446(d), you must demonstrate continuous compliance by meeting the requirements of paragraphs (d)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) Maintain the hourly average pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate at levels no lower than those established during the initial or subsequent performance test;

(2) Inspect and maintain each venturi wet scrubber CPMS according to § 63.1452(c) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements; and

(3) Collect and reduce monitoring data for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate according to § 63.1452(e) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements.

(e) Other control devices. For each control device other than a baghouse or venturi wet scrubber subject to the operating limits for site-specific operating parameters in § 63.1444(k) or § 63.1446(e), you must demonstrate continuous compliance by meeting the requirements of paragraphs (e)(1) through (3) of this section:

(1) Maintain the hourly average rate at levels no lower than those established during the initial or subsequent performance test;

(2) Inspect and maintain each CPMS operated according to § 63.1452(d) and record all information needed to document conformance with these requirements; and

(3) Collect and reduce monitoring data for selected parameters according to § 63.1452(e) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements.

(f) Fugitive dust sources. For each fugitive dust source subject to work practice standards in § 63.1445, you must demonstrate continuous compliance by implementing all of fugitive control measures specified for the source in your written fugitive dust control plan.

(g) Mercury emissions. For each affected source subject to mercury emissions limit in § 63.1444 as applies to you must demonstrate continuous compliance according to the requirements in paragraph (g)(1) or paragraphs (g)(2) and (3) of this section.

(1) Maintain the average concentration of mercury discharged from the facility at or below the emission limit in § 63.1444 monitored by a mercury continuous emissions monitoring system (Hg CEMS). If the Hg CEMS is used, you must demonstrate continuous compliance according to the requirements in paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.

(i) Install and operate a Hg CEMS in accordance with Performance Specification 12A (PS 12A) of appendix B to 40 CFR part 60.

(ii) Maintain each Hg CEMS according to the quality assurance requirements in Procedure 5 of appendix F to 40 CFR part 60. The relative accuracy testing of Hg CEMS must be conducted at normal operating conditions.

(iii) Use a span value for any Hg CEMS that represents the mercury concentration corresponding to approximately two times the emissions standard and may be rounded up to the nearest multiple of 5 µg/m3 of total mercury or higher level if necessary to include Hg concentrations which may occur.

(iv) Determine the average on a 6-hour rolling basis.

(v) Install, operate, calibrate, and maintain an instrument for continuously measuring and recording the exhaust gas flow rate to the atmosphere.

(2) Monitor the operating parameter established during the performance tests according to the requirements in §§ 63.1450(d) and 63.1452 and collecting, reducing, and recording the monitoring data for each of the operating limit parameters according to the applicable requirements of this subpart.

(3) Conduct subsequent performance tests following your initial performance test no less frequently than once per year according to the performance test procedures in § 63.1450(d). New operating limits may be established during subsequent performance tests as long as the performance tests demonstrate compliance with the emission limits.

(h) Process fugitive filterable particulate matter and lead from roofline vents. For emissions from roofline vents associated with the smelting vessels, slag cleaning vessels, copper converter department, and anode refining department subject to a filterable particulate matter emission limit in § 63.1444(h), and for emissions from the combination of roofline vents associated with the Peirce-Smith converter department, Inco flash furnace, and anode refining department subject to a lead emission limit in § 63.1444(p), you must demonstrate continuous compliance according to the requirements in paragraph (h)(1) or (2) and paragraph (h)(3) of this section. For the applicable design standards in § 63.1444(p), you must demonstrate continuous compliance according to the requirements in paragraphs (h)(4) through (6) of this section.

(1) Operating parameter. You must demonstrate continuous compliance with the established site-specific operating limit for a parameter, like opacity, based on values measured during the performance test you conduct to demonstrate initial compliance. If the operating parameter is visible emissions (VE) at each roofline vent, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (h)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.

(i) Perform daily VE observations of each roofline vent according to the procedures of Method 22 of appendix A-7 to 40 CFR part 60. You must conduct the Method 22 test while the affected source is operating under normal conditions. The duration of each Method 22 test must be at least 15 minutes.

(ii) If VE are observed during any daily test conducted using Method 22 of appendix A-7 to 40 CFR part 60, you must promptly conduct an opacity test, according to the procedures of Method 9 of appendix A-4 to 40 CFR part 60. ASTM D7520-16 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 9 with the specified conditions in § 63.1450(c)(3)(i)(A) through (E).

(iii) You may decrease the frequency of Method 22 testing from daily to weekly for a roofline vent if one of the conditions in paragraph (h)(1)(iii)(A) or (B) of this section is met.

(A) No VE are observed in 30 consecutive daily Method 22 tests for any roofline vent; or

(B) No opacity greater than the site-specific operating limit is observed during any of the tests under Method 9 of appendix A-4 to 40 CFR part 60 for any roofline vent.

(iv) If VE are observed during any weekly test and opacity greater than the site-specific operating limit is observed in the subsequent test under Method 9 of appendix A-4 to 40 CFR part 60, you must promptly initiate and complete corrective actions according to your operation, maintenance, and monitoring plan (OM&M) plan, resume testing of that roof vent following Method 22 of appendix A-7 to 40 CFR part 60, on a daily basis, as described in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section, and maintain that schedule until one of the conditions in paragraph (h)(1)(iii)(A) or (B) of this section is met, at which time you may again decrease the frequency of Method 22 testing to a weekly basis.

(v) If greater than the site-specific opacity operating limit is observed during any test conducted using Method 9 of appendix A-4 to 40 CFR part 60, you must report these deviations by following the requirements in § 63.1455.

(2) Monitor the site-specific operating parameter established during the performance tests according to the requirements in § 63.1450(e) for filterable particulate matter and § 63.1450(g) for lead if applicable, and § 63.1452, collect, reduce, and record the monitoring data for each of the operating limit parameters according to the applicable requirements of this subpart.

(3) Conduct subsequent performance tests following your initial performance test no less frequently than once per year according to the performance test procedures in § 63.1450(e) for filterable particulate matter and § 63.1450(g) for lead if applicable. New operating limits may be established during subsequent performance tests as long as the performance tests demonstrate compliance with the emission limits.

(4) For your flash furnace capture system, you must inspect the hooding, walls, and damper quarterly.

(5) For your fuming ladle capture system, you must inspect the hooding, walls, and ladle during maintenance periods.

(6) For your anode furnace secondary hood capture and control system, you must inspect the hood, walls, and damper during maintenance periods, and operate anode furnace secondary hood system at all times the anode furnaces are operating.

(i) Benzene, toluene, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons excluding naphthalene, naphthalene, and dioxins/furans emissions. For each affected source subject to the benzene, toluene, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons excluding naphthalene, naphthalene, and dioxins/furans emission limits in table 2 to this subpart, you must demonstrate continuous compliance according to paragraphs (i)(1) and (2) to this section.

(1) You must monitor the site-specific operating parameter established during the performance tests according to the requirements in § 63.1450(f) and collect, reduce, and record the monitoring data for each of the operating limit parameters according to the applicable requirements of this subpart.

(2) You must demonstrate continuous compliance by conducting subsequent performance tests following your initial performance test at least once every five years according to the performance test procedures in § 63.1450(f). New operating limits may be established during subsequent performance tests as long as the performance tests demonstrate compliance with the emission limits.

(a) You must submit all of the notifications in §§ 63.6(h)(4) and (5), 63.7(b) and (c), 63.8(f)(4), and 63.9(b) through (h) that apply to you by the specified dates.

(b) As specified in § 63.9(b)(2), if you start your affected source before June 12, 2002, you must submit your initial notification not later than October 10, 2002, or no later than 120 days after the source becomes subject to this subpart (see § 63.1441), whichever is later.

(c) As specified in § 63.9(b)(3), if you start your new affected source on or after June 12, 2002, you must submit your initial notification not later than 120 calendar days after you become subject to this subpart (see § 63.1441).

(d) If you are required to conduct a performance test, you must submit a notification of intent to conduct a performance test at least 60 calendar days before the performance test is scheduled to begin as required in § 63.7(b)(1).

(e) If you are required to conduct a performance test, opacity observation, or other initial compliance demonstration, you must submit a notification of compliance status according to § 63.9(h)(2)(ii) by the date specified in paragraph (e)(1) or (2) of this section as applies to you.

(1) For each initial compliance demonstration that does not include a performance test, you must submit the notification of compliance status before the close of business on the 30th calendar day following the completion of the initial compliance demonstration.

(2) For each initial compliance demonstration that includes a performance test, you must submit the notification of compliance status, including the performance test results, before the close of business on the 60th calendar day following the completion of the performance test according to § 63.10(d)(2).

(a) You must submit each report in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section that applies to you.

(1) You must submit a compliance report semiannually according to the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section and containing the information in paragraph (c) of this section.

(2) Before November 12, 2024, you must submit an immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report if you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period that is not consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan. You must report the actions taken for the event by fax or telephone within 2 working days after starting actions inconsistent with the plan. You must submit the information in § 63.10(d)(5)(ii) by letter within 7 working days after the end of the event unless you have made alternative arrangements with the delegated authority. On or after November 12, 2024, you must report any deviation from an applicable standard in §§ 63.1444, 63.1445, and 63.1446 as part of your semiannual compliance report and include the information required in paragraph (c) of this section. In an event of an emergency situation, you must report the emergency and the actions taken for the event by email or telephone within 2 working days of the time when emissions limitations were exceeded due to the emergency (or an alternate timeframe acceptable to the delegated authority). For the purposes of complying with this paragraph (a)(2), an emergency situation is any situation arising from sudden and reasonably unforeseeable events beyond the control of the facility owner or operator that requires immediate corrective action to restore normal operation, and that causes the affected source to exceed an applicable emissions limitation under this subpart, due to unavoidable increases in emissions attributable to the emergency. An emergency must not include noncompliance to the extent it is caused by improperly designed equipment, lack of preventive maintenance, careless or improper operation, or operator error. You must submit the report within 7 working days after the end of the event unless you have made alternative arrangements with the delegated authority. This report must contain a description of the emergency, any steps take to mitigate the emissions and corrective actions taken.

(b) Unless the Administrator has approved a different schedule under § 63.10(a), you must submit each compliance report required in paragraph (a) of this section according to the applicable requirements in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section following the procedures in § 63.9(k).

(1) The first compliance report must cover the period beginning on the compliance date that is specified for your affected source in § 63.1443 and ending on June 30 or December 31, whichever date comes first after the compliance date that is specified for your source in § 63.1443.

(2) The first compliance report must be delivered no later than July 31 or January 31, whichever date comes first after your first compliance report is due.

(3) Each subsequent compliance report must cover the semiannual reporting period from January 1 through June 30 or the semiannual reporting period from July 1 through December 31.

(4) Each subsequent compliance report must be delivered no later than July 31 or January 31, whichever date comes first after the end of the semiannual reporting period.

(5) For each affected source that is subject to permitting regulations pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 71, and if the delegated authority has established dates for submitting semiannual reports pursuant to 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), you may submit the first and subsequent compliance reports according to the dates the delegated authority has established instead of according to the dates in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section.

(c) Each compliance report must contain the information in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section and, as applicable, paragraphs (c)(4) through (8) of this section.

(1) Company name and address.

(2) Statement by a responsible official, as defined in § 63.2, with that official's name, title, and signature, certifying the accuracy and completeness of the content of the report.

(3) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting period.

(4) Before November 12, 2024, if you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, the compliance report must include the information in § 63.10(d)(5)(i). On or after November 12, 2024, you are not required to have a startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and you are not required to include in your report the information in § 63.10(d)(5)(i).

(5) If there are no deviations from any emission limitations (emission limit, operating limit, opacity limit) that applies to you and there are no deviations from the requirements for work practice standards in this subpart, a statement that there were no deviations from the emission limitations, work practice standards, or operation and maintenance requirements during the reporting period.

(6) If there were no periods during which an operating parameter monitoring system was out-of-control as specified in § 63.8(c)(7), a statement that there were no periods during which the monitoring system was out-of-control during the reporting period.

(7) For each deviation from an emission limitation (emission limit, operating limit, opacity limit) and for each deviation from the requirements for work practice standards that occurs at an affected source where you are not using a continuous monitoring system to comply with the emission limitations or work practice standards in this subpart, the compliance report must contain the information in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section and the information in paragraphs (c)(7)(i) and (ii) of this section.

(i) The total operating time of each affected source during the reporting period.

(ii) Information on the number, date, time, duration, and cause of deviations (including unknown cause, if applicable), as applicable, the corrective action taken, a list of the affected sources or equipment, an estimate of the quantity of each regulated pollutant emitted over any emission limit, and a description of the method used to estimate the emissions.

(8) For each deviation from an emission limitation (emission limit, operating limit, opacity limit, and visible emission limit) occurring at an affected source where you are using an operating parameter monitoring system to comply with the emission limitation in this subpart, you must include the information in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section and the information in paragraphs (c)(8)(i) through (xi) of this section.

(i) The cause of each deviations (including unknown cause, if applicable), the corrective action taken, a list of the affected sources or equipment, an estimate of the quantity of each regulated pollutant emitted over any emission limit, and a description of the method used to estimate the emissions.

(ii) If the monitoring system was inoperative, the date and time that each monitoring system was inoperative, except for zero (low-level) and high-level checks.

(iii) If the monitoring system was inoperative, the date, time and duration that each monitoring system was out-of-control, including the information in § 63.8(c)(8).

(iv) The number, date and time that each deviation started and stopped.

(v) A summary of the total duration of the deviation during the reporting period and the total duration as a percent of the total source operating time during that reporting period.

(vi) A breakdown of the total duration of the deviations during the reporting period into those that are due to control equipment problems, process problems, other known causes, and other unknown causes.

(vii) A summary of the total duration of monitoring system downtime during the reporting period and the total duration of monitoring system downtime as a percent of the total source operating time during that reporting period.

(viii) A brief description of the process units.

(ix) A brief description of the monitoring system.

(x) The date of the latest monitoring system certification or audit.

(xi) A description of any changes in continuous monitoring systems, processes, or controls since the last reporting period.

(d) If you have obtained a title V operating permit pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 71 must report all deviations as defined in this subpart in the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A). If you submit a compliance report pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section along with, or as part of, the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), and the compliance report includes all required information concerning deviations from any emission limitation (including any operating limit), or work practice requirement in this subpart, submission of the compliance report is deemed to satisfy any obligation to report the same deviations in the semiannual monitoring report. However, submission of a compliance report does not otherwise affect any obligation you may have to report deviations from permit requirements to the permit authority.

(e) Within 60 days after the date of completing each performance test or continuous monitoring system (CMS) performance evaluation (as defined in § 63.2) required by this subpart, the owner or operator must submit the results of the performance test or performance evaluation following the procedures specified in § 63.9(k).

(1) Data collected using test methods supported by the EPA's Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the EPA's ERT website (https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/electronic-reporting-tool-ert) at the time of the test. Submit the results of the performance test or the performance evaluation of CMS measuring relative accuracy test audit (RATA) pollutants to the EPA via the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI), which can be accessed through the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) (https://cdx.epa.gov/). The data must be submitted in a file format generated through the use of the EPA's ERT. Alternatively, you may submit an electronic file consistent with the extensible markup language (XML) schema listed on the EPA's ERT website.

(2) Data collected using test methods that are not supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT website at the time of the test. The results of the performance test or the performance evaluation of CMS measuring RATA pollutants by methods that are not supported by the ERT, must be included as an attachment in the ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website. Submit the ERT generated package or alternative file to the EPA via CEDRI.

(a) You must keep the records listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (8) of this section.

(1) A copy of each notification and report that you submitted to comply with this subpart, including all documentation supporting any initial notification or notification of compliance status that you submitted, according to the requirements in § 63.10(b)(2)(xiv).

(2) Before November 12, 2024, the records in § 63.6(e)(3)(iii) through (v) related to startup, shutdown, and malfunction. On or after November 12, 2024, you are not required to keep the records required in § 63.6(e)(3)(iii) through (v) related to compliance with a startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan.

(3) Records of performance tests and performance evaluations as required in § 63.10(b)(2)(viii).

(4) For each monitoring system, you must keep the records specified in paragraphs (a)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section.

(i) Records described in § 63.10(b)(2)(vi) through (xi).

(ii) Monitoring data recorded by the monitoring system during a performance evaluation as required in § 63.6(h)(7)(i) and (ii).

(iii) Before November 12, 2024, previous (i.e., superseded) versions of the performance evaluation plan as required in § 63.8(d)(3). On or after November 12, 2024, you must comply with the requirements in § 63.8(d)(1) and (2). The owner or operator shall keep the written procedures required in § 63.8(d)(1) and (2) on record for the life of the affected source or until the affected source is no longer subject to the provisions of this part, to be made available for inspection, upon request, by the Administrator. If the performance evaluation plan is revised, the owner or operator shall keep previous (i.e., superseded) versions of the performance evaluation plan on record to be made available for inspection, upon request, by the Administrator, for a period of 5 years after each revision to the plan. The program of corrective action should be included in the plan required under § 63.8(d)(2).

(iv) Before November 12, 2024, records of the date and time that each deviation started and stopped, and whether the deviation occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period. On or after November 12, 2024, for each failure to meet an applicable standard, you must record the information in paragraphs (a)(4)(iv)(A) through (D) of this section. Examples of such methods to estimate emissions include product-loss calculations, mass balance calculations, measurements, or engineering judgment based on known process parameters.

(A) The occurrence and duration of each startup, shutdown, or malfunction of process, air pollution control, and monitoring equipment.

(B) In the event that an affected unit fails to meet an applicable standard, record the number of failures. For each failure record the date, time, cause and duration of each failure.

(C) For each failure to meet an applicable standard, record and retain a list of the affected sources or equipment, whether the failure occurred during a period of startup, shutdown or malfunction, actions taken to minimize emissions, an estimate of the quantity of each regulated pollutant emitted over any emission limit and a description of the method used to estimate the emissions.

(D) Record actions taken to minimize emissions in accordance with § 63.1447(a), and any corrective actions taken to return the affected unit to its normal or usual manner of operation.

(5) For each performance test you conduct to demonstrate compliance with an opacity limit according to § 63.1450(c), you must keep the records specified in paragraphs (a)(5)(i) through (ix) of this section.

(i) Dates and time intervals of all opacity observation period segments;

(ii) Description of overall smelter operating conditions during each observation period. Identify, if any, the smelter copper production process equipment that was out-of-service during the performance test and explain why this equipment was not in operation;

(iii) Name, affiliation, and copy of current visible emission reading certification for each visible emission observer participating in the performance test;

(iv) Name, title, and affiliation for each indoor process monitor participating in the performance test;

(v) Copies of all visible emission observer opacity field data sheets;

(vi) Copies of all indoor process monitor operating log sheets;

(vii) Copies of all data summary sheets used for data reduction;

(viii) Copy of calculation sheets of the average opacity value used to demonstrate compliance with the opacity limit; and

(ix) Documentation according to the requirements in § 63.1450(c)(9)(iv) to support your selection of the site-specific capture system operating limits used for each batch copper converter capture system when blowing.

(6) For each baghouse subject to the operating limit in § 63.1444(i) or § 63.1446(c), you must keep the records specified in paragraphs (a)(6)(i) and (ii) of this section.

(i) Records of alarms for each bag leak detection system.

(ii) Description of the corrective actions taken following each bag leak detection alarm.

(7) For each control device other than a baghouse or venturi wet scrubber subject to site-specific operating limits in § 63.1444(k) or § 63.1446(e), you must keep documentation according to the requirements in § 63.1450(a)(5)(iv) to support your selection of the site-specific operating limits for the control device.

(8) You must keep records of bypass stack usage, including the flow rate and operating parameter(s).

(b) Your records must be in a form suitable and readily available for expeditious review, according to § 63.10(b)(1).

(c) As specified in § 63.10(b)(1), you must keep each record for 5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report, or record.

(d) You must keep each record on site for at least 2 years after the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report, or record, according to § 63.10(b)(1). You can keep the records off site for the remaining 3 years.

Table 1 to this subpart shows which parts of the general provisions in §§ 63.1 through 63.15 apply to you.

(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by us, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), or a delegated authority such as your State, local, or tribal agency. If the U.S. EPA Administrator has delegated authority to your State, local, or tribal agency, then that agency has the authority to implement and enforce this subpart. You should contact your U.S. EPA Regional Office to find out if this subpart is delegated to your State, local, or tribal agency.

(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under subpart E of this part, the authorities listed in paragraph (c) of this section are retained by the U.S. EPA Administrator and are not transferred to the State, local, or tribal agency.

(c) The authorities that will not be delegated to State, local, or tribal agencies are as listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (5) of this section.

(1) Approval of alternatives to the emission limitations and work practice standards in §§ 63.1444 through 63.1446 under § 63.6(g).

(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under § 63.7(f) and as defined in § 63.90.

(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under § 63.8(f) and as defined in § 63.90.

(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting under § 63.10(f) and as defined in § 63.90.

(5) Approval of an alternative to any electronic reporting to the EPA required by this subpart.

Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act, in § 63.2, and in this section as follows:

Anode refining department means the area at a primary copper smelter in which anode copper refining operations are performed. Emission sources in the anode refining department include anode refining furnaces and utility vessels.

Baghouse means a control device that collects particulate matter by filtering the gas stream through bags. A baghouse is also referred to as a “fabric filter.”

Bag leak detection system means a system that is capable of continuously monitoring relative particulate matter (dust) loadings in the exhaust of a baghouse in order to detect bag leaks and other upset conditions. A bag leak detection system includes, but is not limited to, an instrument that operates on triboelectric, light scattering, transmittance or other effect to continuously monitor relative particulate matter loadings.

Batch copper converter means a Peirce-Smith converter or Hoboken converter in which copper matte is oxidized to form blister copper by a process that is performed in discrete batches using a sequence of charging, blowing, skimming, and pouring.

Blowing means the operating mode for a batch copper converter during which air or oxygen-enriched air is injected into the molten converter bath.

Bypass stack means a device used for discharging combustion gases to avoid severe damage to the air pollution control device or other equipment and conduct planned maintenance safely in accordance with the work practice standard in § 63.1444(q). The use of a bypass stack during a performance test of a process or control device will invalidate the test.

Capture system means the collection of components used to capture gases and fumes released from one or more emission points, and to convey the captured gases and fumes to a control device. A capture system may include, but is not limited to, the following components as applicable to a given capture system design: duct intake devices, hoods, enclosures, ductwork, dampers, manifolds, plenums, and fans.

Charging means the operating mode for a batch copper converter during which molten or solid material is added into the vessel.

Control device means the air pollution control equipment used to collect particulate matter and other emissions from a gas stream.

Converting vessel means a furnace, reactor, or other type of vessel in which copper matte is oxidized to form blister copper.

Copper concentrate dryer means a vessel in which copper concentrates are heated in the presence of air to reduce the moisture content of the material. Supplemental copper-bearing feed materials and fluxes may be added or mixed with the copper concentrates fed to a copper concentrate dryer.

Copper concentrate feed means the mixture of copper concentrate, secondary copper-bearing materials, recycled slags and dusts, fluxes, and other materials blended together for feeding to the smelting vessel.

Copper converter department means the area at a primary copper smelter in which the copper converters are located. This could include a batch copper converter or other type of copper converter, such as a continuous copper converter.

Copper matte means a material predominately composed of copper and iron sulfides produced by smelting copper ore concentrates.

Deviation means any instance in which an affected source subject to this subpart, or an owner or operator of such a source:

(1) Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this subpart including, but not limited to, any emission limitation (including any operating limit) or work practice standard;

(2) Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is included in the operating permit for any affected source required to obtain such a permit; or

(3) Fails to meet any emission limitation (including any operating limit) or work practice standard in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or malfunction, regardless of whether or not such failure is permitted by this subpart.

Emission limitation means any emission limit, opacity limit, operating limit, or visible emission limit.

Fugitive dust material means copper concentrate, dross, reverts, slag, speiss, or other solid copper-bearing materials.

Fugitive dust source means a stationary source of particulate matter emissions resulting from the handling, storage, transfer, or other management of fugitive dust materials where the source is not associated with a specific process, process vent, or stack. Examples of a fugitive dust source include, but are not limited to, on-site roadways used by trucks transporting copper concentrate, unloading of materials from trucks or railcars, outdoor material storage piles, and transfer of material to hoppers and bins.

Holding means the operating mode for a batch copper converter or a holding furnace associated with a smelting vessel during which the molten bath is maintained in the vessel but no blowing or smelting is performed nor is material added into or removed from the vessel.

New copper converter system means the copper matte is oxidized and forms copper blister by a process that is performed continuously. This system may include a flash smelting furnace, flash converting furnace, secondary gas system, a rotary dryer, anode area, matte grinding plant, hydrometallurgical plant and possibly an acid plant.

Opacity means the degree to which emissions reduce the transmission of light.

Particulate matter means any finely divided solid or liquid material, other than uncombined water, as measured by the specific reference method.

Pouring means the operating mode for a batch copper converter during which molten copper is removed from the vessel.

Primary copper smelter means any installation or any intermediate process engaged in the production of copper from copper sulfide ore concentrates through the use of pyrometallurgical techniques.

Responsible official means responsible official as defined in 40 CFR 70.2.

Roofline vents means an exhaust system designed to evacuate process fugitive emissions that collect in the roofline area of various process buildings (e.g., smelting building roof vents, converter building roof vents, etc.).

Secondary gas system means a capture system that collects the gases and fumes released when removing and transferring molten materials from one or more vessels using tapping ports, launders, and other openings in the vessels. Examples of molten material include, but are not limited to: Copper matte, slag, and blister copper.

Skimming means the batch copper converter operating mode during which molten slag is removed from the vessel.

Slag cleaning vessel means a vessel that receives molten copper-bearing material and the predominant use of the vessel is to separate this material into molten copper matte and slag layers.

Smelting vessel means a furnace, reactor, or other type of vessel in which copper ore concentrate and fluxes are smelted to form a molten mass of material containing copper matte and slag. Other copper-bearing materials may also be charged to the smelting furnace.

TEQ means the international method of expressing toxicity equivalents for dioxins/furans as defined in EPA/100/R-10/005 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14). The Toxic Equivalency 49 Factors (TEFs) used to determine the dioxin and furan TEQs are listed in table 3 to this subpart.

Work practice standard means any design, equipment, work practice, or operational standard, or combination thereof, that is promulgated pursuant to section 112(h) of the Clean Air Act.

As required in § 63.1457, you must comply with the requirements of the NESHAP General Provisions (subpart A of this part) shown in the following table:

As required in § 63.1444(o), you must meet each emission limit in the following table that applies to you.